Artificial Intelligence bulṭhut

Tunlai khawvelah Artificial Intelligence (AI) a lar em em a, hre lo kan awm mang tawh lo vang. Kan naupan lai khan TV-ah robot kan hmu nasa a, Terminator-te kha hmuhnawm kan tih bakah suangtuahna a kal thuitir hle ṭhin. AI tih hi chuan robot lampang hi Mizo thinlungah a lang hmasa ber pawl a nih phah hial mai thei. Mahse, AI tih hian thil tam tak a huam a, kan ni tin hnathawhna leh khawsak min chhawk zangkhaitu hmanraw pawimawh tak ti ila, kan sawi sual thui awm lo ve. AI hian computer lam a kawk ber a, mahse a chhungril leh bulṭhutah chuan chhiarkawp (Mathematics) vek a ni.

Chhiarkawpah hian ziarang (pattern), dik taka thil chhut dan (logic) leh thil inkungkaih dan (relation) kan zir a. AI hna lian ber leh kan hman tamna ber chu ‘data’-a ziarang zawn leh chumi ziarang hmanga thu tlukna siam a ni. Heng hi chhiarkawp hmang veka chhui a ni a, chhiarkawp tel lo chuan engine leh tuialhthei tel lova motor khalh tum ang a ni. Tuna ka rawn ziah tum ber chu AI tana chhiarkawp hmanna nawlpui leh hmandan tlem tar lan a ni.

1. Pattern: AI hmanna hmasa ber leh tlanglawn ber chu data aṭanga ziarang zawn hi a ni. Smartphone kan hmang vek a, Google photos-ah kan thlalak kan dah ṭha vek tawh a ni. Hmel inang deuh, chiang vak lo a awm chuan Google-in ‘Hei hi hemi hi a ni em?’ tiin zawhna a rawn zawt ṭhin a. Chutiang bawkin Instagram vela reels leh thlalak kan en tam azirin kan ‘FYP’-ah reels leh thlalak hrang hrang a rawn lang ṭhin. Hetiang reels leh thlalak hi computer-ah chuan nambar (number) anga dah ṭhat vek a ni a, chumi number inmilho chu chhuiin kan duh zawng leh lawm zawng tura a ngaih chu min lo kawhhmuh ta ṭhin a ni. Camera ṭha tehna kan hriat lar ber chu pixel a ni a, pixel a tam poh leh camera ṭhaah kan ngai. Pixel hi nambar mai a ni a, kan thlalakte chu computer-ah nambara dah ṭhat vek an lo ni ta a ni. Chutiang bawkin video leh thu inziakte pawh dah ṭhat an ni. 4K thlalak kan tih hi nambar nuai 80 chuang hmanga dah ṭhat a ni a, a pixels awm zat a ni.

Chutia nambar tam tak awmte chuan ziarang an nei a, chumi zia hmang chuan thlalakah Hranga leh Siama te a hriat theih ta a ni. Eng tin nge chu chu a lo hriat tak le? A hmaa Hranga leh Siama thlalak tam tak lo awmsa kha nambar hmang veka dah ṭhat an ni a, chu nambar ziarangah chuan Hranga leh Siama zia bik kha a awm ta a. Thlalak thara Hranga hmaifang ziarang leh a thlalak awmsa hova ziarang kha khaikhin an ni ta a, a inmil viaua hriat a nih chuan, ‘Hei hi Hranga a ang’ tiin computer-in thutlukna a siam ta ṭhin a. Chutiang bawkin Siama pawh a hriat theih a ni. Uluk taka thil ziarang hriat a ngai a, chumi hnuah chauh chuan AI hian min puiin chhanna ṭha leh rintlak min pe chauh ṭhin a ni. Video pawh hi nambar ang thova dah ṭhat an ni a. Video lama tui chuan frames per second (fps) tih hi kan hria ang a. Video second khatah hian thlalak (frame) 30 aṭanga 60 a awm tlangpui a, chutiang ho chu nambar anga dah ṭhat vek an ni a, a tam hma hle bawk.

2. Algebra: Nambar tam tak awm chu eng tin nge a inrem khawm tak ang le? Pawl 12 thlenga Mathematics zir chin chuan matrices kan hriat vek a rinawm a, heng nambar tam takte hi chumi matrices hmang chuan dah ṭhat ṭhin an ni. Matrices chu ‘bawm’ kil li neia awmze neia nambar rem khawm ti ila, kan sawi sual thui awm lo ve. 4K thlalak chhunga nambar nuai 80 chuang awm hi tlar (rows) 3850 leh thlur thla 2100 (column) chuanga rem an ni. Hetia matrices hmanga nambar remkhawm zir chianna thupui hi Linear Algebra tih a ni a, chhiarkawp hmannaah chuan thupui pawimawh ber a ni. Thlalak leh video kan edit (tidanglam) ṭhin a, a changin kan intingo a, a changin kan inpawt sei a, a changin kan tithim thul. Heng ti tur hian matrices chhunga nambar inremkhawm siksawi a ngai a. Linear Algebra hi a innghahchhan a ni. Kan zirlaia eigenvalue leh eigenvector ngat phei chu pawimawh tak an ni a, AI mai bakah engineer subject hrang hrangah hmanna tur a awm ṭhin. Thlalak kan pawh sawih hi matrix leh matrix puntir mai a ni a, pawl 12 chhiarkawp zir tawh tan chuan thil harsa tak a awm lo. Kan hmai bawl leh ser tihmamte kan duh ṭhin a, hei pawh hi a bawl leh ser chhinchhiahna zawna nambar tihdanglam mai a ni.

3. Calculus: Chawhmeh siam dawnin bawlhlo hrang hrang hman ṭhin a ni a. A bawlhlo telh zat a dik loh chuan chawhmeh tui tak siam a har hle. A leh peka tihsual tawh loh nan kan tihsual lai kan chhui let ṭhin a. A bawlhlo tih tlem ngai a awm emaw, telh tam ngai turte kan chhui let ṭhin. Chawhmeh tui tak siam thiam tur chuan tihsual phawt a ngai fo. Hetiang deuh hian AI pawh hi a inzir a, thutlukna a siam sual aṭangin a tihsual lai a chhui let ṭhin a. Chawhmeh bawlhlo tih tam emaw tih tlem tur kan hriat fuh hunah chuan chawhmeh tui tak a chhuak ṭhin. Hemi tam tur leh tlem tur siam rem hi ‘gradient descent’ tih a ni a. Hemi kaihhnawih hi pawl 12 chhiarkawp zirlai ‘minima-maxima’ -ah khan kan zir ang. Kan hriat tur pakhat chu kan zirlaiah khan ‘variable’ pakhat x chiah hman a ni ṭhin a, AI khawvelah chuan variable tam tak hman a ni tawh. College zirlai a han ni tawh a, partial differentiation tih a ni. Variable u hi x, y, z ahte innghat an nih chuan, x emaw, y emaw, z emaw, a ruala an danglam a nih chuan u hi a danglam ve zel dawn a. Chumi inkungkaih danglam dan tehna chu partial differentiation tih a ni.

4. Probability: USA zalenna sual chhuaktu pawimawh Benjamin Franklin-a khan, “Thihna leh chhiah pek bak chiang a awm lo,” tiin a lo sawi tawh a. A bak zawng chu chiang lo vek angin a ngai tihna a ni. Khua a han dur viau pawh hian, ruah sur loh zeuh zeuh changte a neih hi maw! AI pawhin, ‘Hei hi chu Hranga a ni a, hei chu Siama a ni,’ a ti fak ngai lo. ‘Hei chu Hranga a nih theihna 95% vel a ni a, Siama a nih theihna 5% vel a ni,’ tiin thutlukna a siam ṭhin. Heihi a hmaa kan sawi, matrices hmanga nambar dahkhawm ho kha khaikhin an ni a, Hranga hmai ziarang ang deuh hmuh a nih hunah thutlukna siam ṭhin a ni.

Pawl 12 chhiarkawp zirlaia Bayes theorem kha AI hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni leh a. Thil dangin a nghawng aṭanga thil thleng tur rin lawk dan siam a ni ber mai awm e. Kan pi leh pute khan kutkem nei te, thatchhe chhungkua te, kam tam chhungkuate kha nupui pasal atan an duh ngai lo. A chhan chu an thlah kal zelah an ze ṭha lo an chhun an hlauh vang a ni. Kan pi leh pute khan Bayes Theorem hi an lo hmang daih tawh tihna a nih chu!

5. Geometry: Sikulah geometry kan zir chuan lehkha phekah lem hrang hrang kan ziak ṭhin a. Hetah hian kan lem ziah hi tehna chi hnih chiah a awm a; chu chu: sanṭdung zawng (heightṭvertical) leh vang zawng (breadthṭhorizontal) an ni. Zirlai naupang pass leh fail tihlan nan pawh a ṭangkai hle a. Graph paper-ah y – axis (vertical) hi marks hmuh zat ni se, x – axis (horizontal) hi roll number. Mark 40 zawnah line kan thai phei ang a, he daidanna chung lama awm zawng an pass tihna a ni dawn a, a hnuai lama awm zawng an fail tihna a ni ang.

Mahse AI kan hmanna tam zawkah chuan tehna chi hnih aia tam daih a awm thung a. Kan duh uluk dan azirin sawm telte pawh a awm ṭhin. Chutiang hunah chuan a hma lama kan sawi, Linear Algebra chhunga Vector Space kan tih hi kan mamawh leh ta chiah a. Tling leh tling lo, pass leh fail tehna pawh a tam tak avangin line thai phei mai a rem ta lo va. Hetah ve thung chuan puan zar, ‘hyperplane’ kan tih mai chu daidanna atan hman a ngai tawh. Tehfung tam tak a awm takah chuan tling leh tling lo teh a harsa zel a, daidanna pawh mamawh dan azirin tam tak thlan tur a hring chhuak a ni. Kan mamawh dan azirin thlan dan pawh a awm a, tuna tan chuan kan duh tawk rih phawt ang.

6. Optimization: Hei chu a ṭha ber thlanna a ni. A chunga kan sawi zawh chiah, tling leh tling lo tehna puanzar pawh kan mamawh dana ṭha ber thlan a ngai a nih kha. Hei hi Pawl 12 zirlaia ‘Linear programming’ kal chho zel kha a ni. Kan ni tin nunah pawh kan hmang ṭangkai em em a, pawisa kan hman dawn apianga kan inchhut a, kan tana ṭha leh ṭangkai ber tur kan zawn hi ‘Optimization’ kan tih chu a ni. AI khawvelah chuan tehna hrang hrang hmanga thutlukna siam a ni a, thutlukna ṭha ber siam kha AI kan hman chhan lian ber a ni.

AI chhunga chhiarkawp hmante chu kan sawi nual tawh a. Linear Algebra hmangin AI hnena harsatna kan thlen ho kha nambar angin rem khawm an ni a. Calculus hmangin ngaihpawimawh tur thliar leh an ni a. Probability aṭangin kan thu tlukna rin dan tur siam leh niin, geometry hmangin kan thu tluk daidanna siam zelin. Optimization-in thu tlukna ṭha ber kan siamna tura daidanna ṭha ber min kawhhmuh leh a ni. Hetia AI-in thu tlukna a siam dawn hian kawng hrang hrang a zawng nasa hle a, a zawn chhung pawh a rei viau ṭhin. Mahse chhiartuten kan hriat tur pawimawh tak chu, AI hnathawh nan hian HSSLC leh BSc zirlaite chhiarkawp bak a hmang meuh lo! Rang tak leh ṭha taka hna thawhtir kan tum zel chuan a chhiarkawp hmanrua erawh a ril ve hret hret zel. AI hmang ṭangkai leh chhawr tur chuan chhiarkawp thiam viau a ngai lem lova, AI hre ril tur leh siam chhuak tur chuan chhiarkawp lama hriat zau a ngai thung.

Chhiarkawp hi mi tam takin kan ning a, zir ṭul lo ti pawh an awm nual. ‘Hei hi eng nge a ṭangkaina?’ tih zawhna pawh kan dawng fo. A chunga kan ziah ho khi high sikul kan kal lai aṭanga inchherchhuan an ni hlawm a, chuvang chuan tuna kan zirlai hi khawvel ṭhang zelah hmanna tur a la awm mial mai thei. AI tihte hi kan naupan lai chuan a hming kan hre fo a, mahse hetia kan ban phak maia a awm hi kan ring ngai meuh lo. Chhiarkawp lo zir ve nel nual phei chuan, ‘AI hi chhiarkawp lek alawm le’ tih a awl dawn riau mai. 

- Dr Lalrinpuia Tlau, Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Puducherry