FOREST (CONSERVATION) AMENDMENT ACT, 2023 ADOPT HI MIZORAM HRALHNA A NI LO

Ni 27th August, 2025-ah Mizoram Assembly House-ah India ram puma ramngaw humhalhna dan thar Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 (FCAA 2023) chu Mizoram state-a hman ve turin adopt a lo ni ta a. Sawiseltu leh dodaltute awm nak nak mah se, kan ramah he dan hi hman a ni ve dawn ta a ni.

Kum 2023 MNF ministry hun lai khan FCAA 2023 hi official resolution hmangin Mizoram Assembly House-ah 22nd August, 2023 khan dodala hnâwl a ni tih kha kan la hre vek awm e. Official resolution meuha kan hnawl a nih chuan FCAA 2023 hi kan state-ah a applicable/enforceable tawh lo turah kan ngai tawh a ni. Mahse, dan ang thlapin a hnâwltu ministry khan an lo hnâwl phal lo nge ni, dan anga nemnghehna turin action an lo la reng reng lo mai a, ngawi rengin tun thlengin kan hmang (enforce) chhunzawm char char tih hi mi nâwlpui hian kan hrethiam pha kher awm lo e.

Forest clearance pek chhuahna dan dang kan nei lo

FCAA 2023 kha official resolution-a kan hnawl hnuah kha chuan kan state-ah kan hmang thei lo hlawm tawp ang tih kha mi nawlpui ngaihdan a ni ngei ang. Amaherawhchu, kan dodal bur bur dan thar, FCAA 2023 chungchangah khan ngaihtuah hmaih kan nei niin a lang. Chu kan ngaihtuah hmaih chu kan ram chhunga project lian thawhnaah eng dan hnuai aṭangin nge forest clearance kan demand ang a, eng dan hnuaiah nge kan pek chhuah ang tih kha kan ngaihtuah thleng pha lo niin a lang.

Mizoram state-ah central project lian tak tak an lo kalpui rup rup mai si a, kan ramngaw an tihchereu siam thar lehna tur atana pawimawh ber forest clearance kan demand rup rup a. Hetih lai hian, forest clearance pek chhuah theihna provision inbilhna ber FCAA 2023 kha kan hnawl bawk si a, kan laklawh ta a nih kha. Central dan leh state dan siam dangah forest clearance dilna leh pek chhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh vangin forest clearance demand-na atana kan dan vauchher ber chu FCAA 2023 tho hi a ni.

Dan hlui Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 kha amend a ni tawh a, a provision leh objective tihdanglam a ni vek tawh a; dan thar FCAA 2023 hian a luahlân (supersede) vek tawh a ni. A principal act–Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 title pawh Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 tia thlak a ni tawh bawk.

FCAA 2023 kan adopt duh lo a nih chuan a principal act, Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980 leh Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023 hi kan hmang ve thei lo tihna a ni a. Forest clearance pek chhuahna ber FCAA 2023 kan hnawl a, kan adopt miau loh vangin forest clearance hi kan rama project hna thawhnaah kan demand thei lo a, kan pe chhuak ve thei lo tihna a ni.

FCAA 2023 kan lo hnawl phal tak tak lo!

MNF sawrkar laia Assembly House dawhkan chûm bur bura official resolution-a kan hnawl tâk FCAA 2023 kha a tak tak ramah chuan kan lo hnawl phal reng reng lo hi a lo ni a! Official resolution kha dan ang thlapa pawmpui a nihna turin Mizoram sawrkar (Executive) lamah Mizoram Assembly House hian a copy a pe chhuak tur a ni. Rules 137 of Rules of Procedure & Conduct of Business in Mizoram Legislative Assembly-in a phût angin official resolution copy hi Government of Mizoram hnenah forward-in, dan anga tihpuitlinna (statutory effects) a nihna turin Executive lamin action lain an lo bawhzui a ngai a; gazette a ngai ti ila a fiah ber awm e. Central sawrkar hnenah pawh an thlen ngei ngei tur a ni. Mahse, hmalakna an lo nei lo nia sawi a ni.

Mizoram Assembly House-in a pass tawh FCAA 2023 dodalna leh hnawlna official resolution hi Government of Mizoram (Executive) lamah khan a copy kha forward a ni ta lo nge, sawrkar khan action a la ta lo nge, Central lamah pawh a hriattir lo nge, gazette-ah publish a ni ta miah lo mai a. An publish phal lo nge ni a, kan hnawl leh phal tak tak lo tih kha zawhna pawimawh ber a ni ta a ni.

Khatia official resolution hmanga FCAA 2023 kan hnawl bur lai khan Mizoram châk lak luhna kawng pawimawh ber Vairengte to Sairang kawng NH 306 & 06 four lane project leh hmun dangah NH laih zauh hna Central sawrkarin a lo kalpui chho chur chur tih kan hre vek awm e. Hetianga kan rama project lian kalpui a nih chhoh mek lai hian FCAA 2023 dodal nasa bertute khan, ‘Ramngaw humhalh a pawimawh, forest clearance lak a ngai, forest clearance tel lo chuan hna a thawh theih loh’ tiin thâwm an chhuah leh ta tlat thung a! Forest clearance demand bawk si, forest clearance pek chhuahna dan ber dodal bawk si! An thusawi khawi lai ber nge hlin tur tih kha man thiam a har ta em em mai a, sawrkar hotute tan pawh lu hai bûrna tham a ni. ‘Ka ngaihdan hi ka duh dan a ni lo’ kan ti hlawm ta ni berin a lang.

FCAA 2023-in a hrin chhuah Rules 9 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023 hnuaiah hian forest clearance (in principal approval) pek chhuahna provision a awm a, FCAA 2023 hi kan adopt a nih loh chuan forest clearance hi kan pe chhuak thei lo tihna a ni.

Mizoram Forest Act, 1955 hnuaiah te, India ram dan dang Central Act dangahte forest clearance pek chhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh vangin MNF sawrkar laia official resolution hmanga hnawl a nih hnuah khan ngawi rengin he dan hnuaiah hian forest clearance kan pe chhuak chhunzawm reng a; kan lo mamawh em vangin kan lo hmang chhunzawm reng tih hi kan hriat tlan a ṭha awm e.

Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980-ah forest area thliar felna awm lo

Forest dan hlui zawk, Forest Conservation Act, 1980-ah khan forest area chin dik tak kha hriatthiam a har hle. Forest area, forest clearance dil ngaihna hmun bik kha chiang taka bithliah a awm loh vangin Godaverman Case-a Supreme Court thlirna (interpretation) leh thuthukna a siam angin forest clearance chungchangah forest area hrilhfiahna atan leh ṭanchhan bera neih a ni ta ṭhin a ni.

Forest area chin thliar fel thlip thlepna awm loh vang hian India ram pumah project tam tak kalpuinaah harsatna tam tak a thlen phah a, a sukuk phah fo. Hemi avang hian Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023 pawh hi a lo piang ti ila kan sawi sual lo ang. Godavarman Case-a forest awmzia interpretation chungchang hi FCAA 2023 an pass-na tur bill, Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023, Para 3- ah pawh an lo tarlang nghe nge.

Godavarman Case hi Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023-a an mention chhan ber chu ‘forest’ hrilhfiahna chiang tak leh thliar hranna specific tak a awm lo a. Reserved forest area mai ni lo, mimal ram leh government non-forest land-te an huamtir vek vangin Forest Conservation Act, 1980 provision-in forest area a sawi kha hrilhfiahna dik lo (mis-interpreted) a ni a, recorded forest lands, private forest lands, plantations, etc., thlengin an huamtir vek a ni. Hei vang hian FCAA 2023 hmangin forest area chin, forest clearance dil ngaihna hmun bik chu chiang takin an lo thliar fel ta zawk ti ila a sual awm lo e.

FCAA 2023 hi India ram pum hmasawnna hnathawh chungchanga forest clearance vanga buaina tam tak chinfelna tura dan siam thar a tih theih awm e. Section 1A (1) of FCAA 2023-ah khan Godavarman Case-a forest definition leh interpretation kha Parliament dan siam hmangin an nuai bo ta tih kan hrethiam bawk ang.

FCAA 2023 hnuaiah hi chuan forest area bik tichiang turin expert committee ten forest area tihchianna consolidated record an neih a ngai tawh a. Godaverman case-in forest area a hrilhfiah anga ram hring zawng zawng hmunah forest clearance lak a ngai tia inhnialna tam tak kha chinfel tumin, felfai taka lo recorded forest area thliar fel a tum zawk tihna a ni. Rules 16 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023-ah hian kan recorded forest area neihte chinfel hun bituk siam a ni a, kan sawrkar pawhin kan Notified Reserved Forest te, Deemed Forest te leh recorded forest area zawng zawngte felfai taka chhinchhiaha consolidated record siam turin expert committee a din a ngai.

Rules 16 of Forest (Conservation) Amendment Rules, 2023-in a phût ang leh Supreme Court WPC No. 202 of 1995 leh Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1164 of 2023 (Ashok Kumar Sharma, IFS (Retd) & Ors. V. Union of India & Ors.)-in a phût angin Mizoram sawrkar pawh hian 19th March, 2025 khan Expert Committee a din ve tawh nghe nghe a. Nakinah lawkah chuan kan ram chhunga forest area record mumal leh felfai tak kan nei thuai turah ngai ila, forest area consolidated record kan neih tawh chuan forest clearance dilna hmun tur bik area chungchanga inhnialna tamtak awm ṭhin hi a kiam tawh ngeiin a rinawm.

Forest area vanga kan buaina a tawp thei lo

Mizoramah hian Notified Reserved Forest eng emaw zat kan nei a, mahse, mumal taka a boundary tihchianna te, fencing hmanga humhalhte a awm ngai loh vangin forest area nêksâwrna (encroachment) a nasa hle. Kum 50 chhung khan kan lo ngaihthah ṭhin hle a, hei hian nghawng ṭha lo tak a hring chho ta zel a, tunah chuan buaina chinfel theih tawh lo kan hmachhawn chho ta a ni.

A bikin Inner Line Reserved Forest (ILRF), Riverine Reserved Forest (RRF) leh Tut–Langkaih Protected Council Reserved Forest area chhung bikah phei chuan encroachment a nasa zual a, mi tam tak kan inbenbel piah lamah, huan lo ram nghet kan nei ṭhup tawh a. Heng inbengbel nghet tawhte hi engti kawng zawng maha hnawh chhuah theih an ni tawh lo tih pawh kan hrethiam vek awm e.

National Green Tribunal, Eastern Zone Bench, Kolkata-in, Center for Environment Protection (CEP) -vs- Union of India, OA 68 of 2019-a intemrim order a chhuah bawhzuiin Mizoram Forest Department chuan hma a la a, 02/03/2021 thlenga Reserved Forest area huam chhunga Revenue Department leh VC te ram pek chhuah zat a record a. PCCF Office-in a record zat chu 5,303 a ni a, forest encroachment area chu hectare 10,737.3867 a ni. Hetah hian RRF huam chhunga ram pek chhuah a tam lawr lak.

Dan ang takin Forest Conservation Act hi kengkawh dawn ta ila, forest area chhunga kum 50 chuang fe Mizo mipui lo inbengbel tawhte hi hnawh chhuah (evicted) an ngai dawn tihna a ni. Mahse, hei hi a taka hlen chhuah theih a ni tawh lo tih hriain dan hnuaia anmahni venghimtu tur ‘The Sheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006’ chu tuna ZPM ministry hian a lo adopt tawh bawk. Ngaihtuahna tak tak sêng lo leh thil nihna dik tak zir chiang lote’n theihtawpin han bei ṭhin mah se, ngunthlûk taka ngaihtuah leh zir chiang chunga hmalakna a nih avangin rah ṭha chhuah zel turin beisei phawt ila.

FCAA 2023 adopt vangin kan ram kan hralh em?

FCCA 2023 kan adopt ta hi mi ṭhenkhat chuan kan ram hralh ang ziazângah an han puh a. Ram hralh ni ta se, state dang tam zawk hian he dan hi an adopt vek si a, an ram/state an hralh tihna a ni ang. State dang tam takte pawh international boundary-a awm an ni hlawm a; ram hralh tia kan inpuh dawn chuan India ram state tam zawk hian an ram an hralh ve tihna a ni ang.

Ram venhimna tur national security atan te, national importance atante Central sawrkarin hmanhmawhthlak bik atan a mipuite venghim tura hmalak a ngaih chang a awm ṭhin. Hetiang hunah hian project hmanhmawh kalpui a ngaih châng a awm ṭhin a, dan hnuaia ngaihhnathiamna (exemption) a awm loh chuan forest clearance vangin an khawtlai duai ṭhin. Hei vang hian FCAA 2023 hnuaiah hian national security leh importance atan exemption siam a ni.

National security atan ni lo, development project dangah chuan forest clearance hi ngaihhnathiamna a awm chuang lo a, project implement-na turah forest clearance dil ngei ngei a ngai tih hi kan hriat tlan a ṭha. FCAA 2023 kan adopt hian kan ram hralhna lam a kâwk lo a, India rama awm kan nih vangin India Parliament dan siam kan adopt belh leh tihna a ni mai e.

Kan mamawh êm êm dan hi kan lo hnawl zawk em?

Kan sawi tawh angin kan ramah project lian tak tak a lo lut chho zel a, project thar pawh a awm chho zel ang. Heng project lo kalte hi lo pawngpaw dodal ngawr ngawr hi kan ram dan siam chhan a ni lo. Hmasawnna tlo leh nghet, sustainable development kan neih theihna turin Forest Conservation Act, Environment Protection Act, etc., te hi siam a ni a, hmasawnna lo kal tur lo danna atana siam a ni lo tih kan hriat tlan atan a ṭha.

Tunah pawh MNF hun laia official resolution meuha kan lo hnâwl tawh Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023 hi a tak tak ramah chuan kan lo mamawh zawkzia kan hriat chian em vangin hnawl hming pu chung si khan a lang lo lamah forest clearance phûtna atan leh pek chhuakna atan kan mamawh tlat vangin ngawi rengin kan hmang char char tho. Hei vang hian kan rama project lian ṭhenkhat, pâmṭûl mai tura kan ngaihte pawh kan chingfel leh thei hram zawk a ni.

Kan hun tawn mekah hian FCAA 2023 dodaltute hian eng nge an dodalna chhan ber hi hriatthiam a har a. Chêpa âwkna lailêng an sawi ang deuhin, forest clearance pek chhuahna atan hmanraw awm chhun dan hi hmang duh reng chung siin chil an chhâk khum ti ila kan sawi sual lo ang. FCAA 2023 hi lo hnawl ta ila, eng dan hnuaiah nge forest clearance kan demand ang a, eng dan hnuaiah nge kan ramngaw tihchhiatte hi hremna lian tham kan pek ang tihte hi dodaltute hian rawtnate rawn puang chhuak thei se a lawmawm hle ang. Nge ni, rawtna pawh awm loa sawisel ngawr ngawr hi kan thiam tawk em ni zawk?

Dan dang hnuaiah forest clearance dilna leh pek chhuah theihna provision a awm miau loh avangin kan ramngawte venhimna tura kan mamawh ber Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023 adopt mai hi kan tihmakmawh niin a lang ta zawk a. Hnam naupang kan nih avang hian keimahni tana ṭha tur leh min effect thei tur thil pawh zir chiang hmasa loa mi kamtam deuhte kamchhuak vanga phûl hlut ching kan nihnate hi bânsan a hun ta hle.

Ramngaw humhalh hi India sawrkar pawhin a ngaih pawimawh ber a ni. Supreme Court, National Green Tribunal leh high court hrang hrangte hian kan ramngaw humhalhna dan bawhchhiatna hi an ngai serious hle tih hi an thutlukna aṭang hian kan hmu thei vek awm e. Hetih rual hian, India ram development kalpuina tur leh ram venhimna turin kawng tam tak Central sawrkar hian hma a lak a ngai si a ni.

FCAA 2023-in a ṭha zawng leh a chhe zawnga a nghawng theih dan zawng zawng hi India ram hruaitute hian an ngaihtuah hmaih hauh lo ang tih hi ring ngam ila. Ram mipuite chhiatna tur leh tawrhna turin dan an siam a rinawm loh a, an duh an mâkin thil ṭul lo thleng thlengin kan ram zîmte hi an lo tichhe buan buan dawn lo tihte pawh hi mi pangngai tan chuan a hriatthiam theih vek awm e.

Engpawhnise, India rama ramngaw humhalhna dan khauh ber, forest clearance pek chhuah theihna awm chhun hi kan hun tawn mekah pawh chawp leh chilha kan mamawh leh hman mek a ni a. Kan mamawh vang leh kan hman mek vanga dan anga hnawl tura MNF ministry-in action pawh a lak ngam loh lai leh gazette-a publish pawh a ngam loh lai hian, Farisai thinlung pu loa langtlang tak leh huaisen taka FCAA 2023 adopt mai hi kan tih tur dik tak chu a ni zawk. 

~ Lalnunmawia Pachuau