Ram hmasawn nana hruaitu pawimawhna

Khawvel sorkar hrang hrangte’n vawiin thleng thei tura harsatna chi hrang hrang an lo paltlang tawhte chanchin ngaihnawm tam tak nei an awm a, British awpna hnuai ata India-in zalenna a neih dan kawngte kha thawnthu sei leh ngaihnawm tak a awm. Kum zabi sawm pariatna chhoa Industrial Revolution lo thleng avang chuan thil siam chhuah lamah harhna nasa taka lo thlengin anmahni kutkawih ngeite chu ram danga hralh thei turin kawng an sial ṭan a. He harhna hi Britain ram aṭanga lo chhuak niin khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a darh zel a, a bik takin Asia, Africa, Middle East leh North & South America ramah te chuan kua an hreuh hnuin kum 1750 vel aṭangin India ramah pawh rawn lut ṭanin, kum 1858-ah chuan Kumpinu sorkar chuan India ram chu an awp chho ṭan der ta mai a.

Kum 1857-ah India chuan British mite lakah helna a nei a, British East India Company dodalna chu lian taka neiin May 10, 1857 chuan Delhi aṭangin hmarchhak lam mel 40 (km 64) vela hla, Meerut khawpui Garrison-ah company sipai sepoy-te helna hi inṭanna a ni a. He helna hi Sepoy Mutiny tia sawi niin, Indian Mutiny, Great Rebellion, Revolt of 1857 tih leh First War of Independence tia sawi a ni bawk. Thawnthu thui leh ngaihnawm tak a awm a, kum 1947-a zalenna famkim kan lo neih thlenga India-in a beihna zawng zawngte kha theihnghilh a ni tawh ngai lo ang a, vawiin huna India hmasawnna tam takte pawh hi thui tak sawi tur a awm.

Zalenna hi a hlut ang bawkin zalenna nei tura rahbi thui tak an zawh dante hi hriat reng tur tam tak a awm a, zalen hnua hmasawnna rahbi rap tura ram inrelbawl dante hi sawi tur tam tak a awm bawk. Chung zinga New Zealand ramin hma a sawn dan hi hetiang hian i han sawi teh ang. Kum 1980 hma lamah khan New Zealand ram hruaitute chuan mipuite duhsakna chitin rengin a duhsak a. Sorkar inrelbawlnaah ngei pawh mipuite chuan chanvo pawimawh tak tak an neiin chhawmdawlna leh ṭanpuina chi hrang hrangte pawh a thlawna sem a ngah hle:

Hna nei lo chhawmdawlna (unemployment benefit)

Chhungkaw ṭanpuina (family allowance)

Kum 60 chung lam ṭanpuina (elder allowance)

Zirlai ṭanpuina (education allowance)

Damlo ṭanpuina (health care)

Kum 18 chin hnuai lam sâwn pawm ṭanpuina

Sumdawngte ṭanpuina

Loneitute ṭanpuina chi hrang hrang

Ran vulhtute ṭanpuina leh a dangte.

New Zealand sorkar chuan kum 1930 aṭang daih tawhin hna neilote ṭanpuina a ruahman ṭan a. Kum 1970 chho velah chuan chhan hrang hrang avangin hna nei lo an pungin sorkar chuan chung hna nei lote hamṭhatna chu ṭha lehzualin a buatsaih a. Chung zingah chuan an chhungkaw dinhmun a zirin hamṭhatna pawh an ruahman a. Hamṭhatna dawng tur chuan kum 16 aṭanga kum 65 inkar an nih a ngai bawk. Spoon feeding kan tih ang tak tak hian sorkar chuan mipuite a enkawl a, duhsak chi tinrengin a duhsak a ni.

Chutianga sorkarin a ram mipuite tana zau taka a inhawnna chuan ṭhatna tam tak thlen mah se la, mipui tam zawkte erawh chuan an lo chhiatpui thung si. A hrin chhuah ṭha lo deuh chu: thatchhiatna leh zawmthâwtna a ni. Thawk loa ei hmuh tumna leh duhna an thinlungah an lo nei lian telh telh a, hna thawk loin zin bo daih mah se la, unemployment allowance an dawn theih tho avangin an duh dan danin an nung mai a, nuam an tâwl thei reng tihna a ni ber mai. Chuvang chuan, kum 1980 velah New Zealand ram chu a lak luh aiin a hman chhuah a tam avangin ram rethei a rawn ni ta a, an sum leh pai thawh chhuah aiin an ei ral a tam zawk tlat avang chuan tlakchhiat lam an pan zel a, a tawpah phei chuan sum leh pai ba tam tak neiin an lo awm ta hial a ni.

Kum 1984-ah New Zealand ramah inthlanpui a awm a, David Lange kaihhruai Labour Party chuan seat 56 lain vote tla zawng zawnga 42.98% hmuin an chak a. National Party chuan seat 37 lain, Social Credit Party chuan seat hnih an la a, New Zealand Party chuan seat lak an nei lo thung. Labour Party chuan sorkarna changin state rethei ber aṭanga MP thlan chhuah Roger Douglas, kum 46 mi chu Finance Minister a ni a. Ani chuan an ram economic policy ṭha lo tak chu a vei em em a, an ram tlakchhiat chhan pawh hmu fiahin a inhre bawk a. Tuna kan kalphung hi siamṭhat a nih vat loh chuan a aia nasa zawkin harsatna kan la tawk dawn a, siamṭhat a nih erawh chuan harsatna nasa zawk lo thleng tur hi kan pumpelh thei a ni tiin nasa taka ṭan la turin mipui hnenah a tlangau ṭhin. A hmasa ber atan a thlawna pawisa sem chi hrang hrang–kuthnathawktute tana thil sem, ṭhalai hna thawk lo hnena sum sem chu titawpin, thil man khuahkhirhna (price control) pawh a hlihsak bawk.

Chutiang bakah chuan hetiang hian sorkar chuan hmalakna a nei bawk a:

De-regulation: Sorkar chuan hnathawktu, a bik takin Industry hrang hrangah hnathawktu nghet la loin a nghet loin thawktu lak a uar ta a. Hnathawktute tan inelna leh efficiency a tipungin Finance, Telecommunication leh Transportation ang chi sector-te chu inelna nasa zawk neih theihna turin a ruahman.

Trade Liberalization: Sorkar laipui chuan Open-Market Policy a kalpui a, tariff tihhniam leh ram dangte nena insumdawn tawnna kawng a hawng zau bawk a. An thil thar chhuahte chu ram danga thawn chhuah theih turin ram dangte ṭhianah a siam bawk.

Privatization: Sumdawnna leh thilzawrhna mai bakah sumdawngte rintlak an lo nih leh zual theihna atan State Owned Enterprise (SOE) te chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a. Ruahmanna mumal tak nen sorkarin a lo kalpui ṭhin tam takte chu mimal enkawl turin a hlan a ni.

Fiscal Policy: Sorkar sum hman dan enkawl a, vil turin ruahmanna thar a siam a, leiba neih tlem theihna turin ruahmanna chi hrang hrang a siam bawk. Ram mipuite chu ei leh bara intodelhna turin ram nghet neih theihna turte thil hrang hrang a ruahman thar bawk.

Monetary Policy: Reserve Bank of New Zealand chuan inflation targeting framework a siam a, hei hian thil man nghet tak vawn reng a tum a ni. Chu chuan inflation control a pui a, economic environment nghet tak a siam.

Labour Market Reforms: Hnathawktu chi hrang hrangte tan dan siamin chu chuan hnathawhna hmun neitute (hnathawktu ruaitute) leh hnathawkte inkarah thil ṭha zawk a thlen a. Chu chuan thil siam chhuah lamah nasa takin a pui a, hma an sawn phah.

Tax Reform: Chhiah pek danah thil thlak danglam an nei a, chhiah rate la tlemin chhiah lakna kawng erawh an tizau thung a. Chutianga chhiah lak dan thar chuan kawng hrang hrangah hmasawnna a thlen a ni.

Heng siamṭhatna te hi Finance Minister Roger Douglas hming chawiin ‘Rogernomics’ an ti a, kum 1984 aṭanga bul ṭanin, kum 1990 vel thleng khan nasa takin an kalpui a. Chu chuan ei leh bar lamah nasa takin siamṭhatna a thlen a, mi tam takin sawisel bawk mah se la, rah ṭha tak a chhuah a, ram pumin hmasawnna a thlen a ni.

Hetianga sorkar tharin thil a kalpui hi ram mipuite chuan an haw em em a, nasa takin an dodal a. Kum 1990-a inthlanpui a awm leh chuan National Party chuan seat 67 an la a, Labour Party chuan seat 29 chauh an la a, New Labour Party chuan seat khat an la bawk. National Party chuan hnehna an chan takah chuan sorkarna pawh a inthlak a, sorkar tharah chuan Prime Minister chu Jim Bolger niin, Finance Minister atan Ruth Richardson a ni. Mipui chuan a thlawna pawisa dawn leh beiseiin tlumtea thlir takin an sorkar thar chu an thlir a; nimahsela, sorkar thar chuan mipui beisei loh ang takin sorkar hmasa kalpui dan chu rawn chhawmin, anni aia nasa zawk mah chuan ruahmanna an rawn siam thar a. Ruth Richardson hian kum 1990–1993 chhung Finance Minister a ni a, kum 40 a nihin he nihna hi a chelh ṭan a ni.

Finance Minister thar chuan kum 18 hnuai lam sâwn pai chhawmdawlna chu a titawp a, tar pension dawngtu kum 60 chin tih chu kum 65-ah a tisang bawk a, tar pension pek hi kum hnih phei chu a chawlh tir nghe nghe. Railway-a thawk 23,000 awm chu 5,000-ah a tihniam a, zirlaite chhawmdawlna a titlem bawkin, medical care bill theih zat a titlem a; an ram mi, ram danga lehkha zirte chhawmdawlna pawh a titawp bawk.

Hetiang taka an beisei loh ang taka sorkar a kal takah chuan mipui thinrim chuan kawng an zawh a, Finance Minister limte an hâl a. Nimahsela, sorkar chuan a kalphung chu thlak a tum hauh chuang lo a, khawng takin a kal zel a, an policy ngai rengin a kal tho a ni. Chutianga hmalakna thar chuan a ram mipuite thinlungah hnathawk lo thei lo dinhmuna dahin tupawh mai chuan hnathawh a ngai a ni tih an lo hriat phah a, nasa takin mahni pumpuarna atan hna an thawk a, an thawh chhuah pawh a lo pung reng bawk a. Kuthnathawktute thlai thar chhuah chu sorkarin man man takin a leisak zel a, kut hnathawhin awmzia a awm tih a hriat avang chuan mipui phunchiar leh lungawi lo thawm pawh chu a reh ta thuai a ni.

Chutianga hmasawn zawnga New Zealand a lo ṭhan chhoh zel takah chuan kum 1994 an thleng chauh tihah an economy ṭhanna chu 6.2% a ni ta hial a. Hetianga sorkar hruaitute’n mipui tana ṭhahnemngai taka an thawh avang hian kum rei lo teah mipuite chuan a rah an seng a, kut hnathawhin awmzia a awm bawk avang chuan vawiin thlengin New Zealand chu hmasawn zawngin a kal ta zel a, khawvel ram changkangte zingah a invawrh kai ta a ni. Tunah chuan ram awhawm tak a rawn ni ta a, kut hnathawktute zingah, a bik takin ni tin ei leh bar thar chhuahna lamah ram dang aiin hma an sawn chak a, ram pawn aṭanga khualzin hîp turin an ram chu an cheibawl nasain sum leh pai lak luhna ṭha takah an siam a. An ram chu ralmuang taka siamin, tu pawh mai chuan sual rawngbawl hman lo tur khawpin inenkawlna ṭha tak an kalpui bawk a ni. 

- Mahmuaka Chhakchhuak