Kutdawh khapna dan

Ninth Mizoram Legislative Assembly Session ṭum nganaah khan kutdawh khapna Bill sawiho a ni a. Opposition lamin kan sakhua leh culture nen hetiang dan neih hi thil zahthlak tak a nih tur thu an aupui deuh ber a. Ruling lam chuan he dan hi kutdawh khap mawl tawpna tur ni lovin mumal zawka enkawlna tur a nih thu an ṭan chhan thung. Tichuan, member 13-te'n kil hrang hrang aṭanga thlira an sawiho hnuah ‘The Mizoram Prohibition of Beggary Bill, 2025’ chu pass a lo ni ta. He bill hi dan anga hman (Act) a lo nih dawn takah chuan kan phak ang tawkin a thlirlawkna kan lo nei ve dawn a ni.

Vantlangin kan hmuh theih chin chu an Bill pass tak kha a ni mai a; nimahsela, hemi chinah lek pawh hian sawrkar kal dan tur riruang chu a lang ruak thung. A pawimawh hmasa ber chu kutdawh kan hrilhfiah dan hi a ni. He danin ‘kutdawh’ a hrilhfiahnaah chuan mi tu pawh vantlang hmun leh electronic media (TV, Phone-social media) kaltlanga thiam thil hmang leh taksa hliam/rualbanlohna behchhana ṭanpuina dil/khawn zawng zawng chu kutdawh an ni. Thuneitute (State/Local Board) remtihnain sakhuana kaihhnawih avanga thawhlawm/vehbur khawn leh zirlaiin a zirlai a chhunzawm theihna tur atana puihna a dawnte a huam lo ang tih a ni. A hrilhfiahna tam zawk hi an dan behchhan (Karnataka, 1975) ang deuh chiah chiaha ziah a ni a. A huam zauin a ṭhenah hian ramri kham felfai tawk lohna lai a awm niin a lang. Entirnan, thuneitute hriatpui loh, zirna leh sakhuana thil ni lova vehbur khawn leh electronic media kaltlanga pawisa khawnte chu kutdawha chhiar tur an ni a, man theih an ni tawh dawn ni awm tak a ni. Hengte hi a fuh chiah lo em tih theih a ni a, kan huam loh tur chiang taka tarlan law law ni thei se. Nakin lawka buaina min thlen zui thei an nih avangin kan hnam ziarang ngaihtuah chunga ngaihtuahna sen a ṭul hle.

Sawiho a nih laia sawi hlawh ber pakhat chu ‘kutdawh khap’ tih lai tak hi a ni. Mi ṭhenkhat chuan kutdawh hi khap ngawt theih a ni lo, dinhmunin a zir loh vang a ni an ti a. Member ṭhenkhat duhthawh zual deuhte chuan kutdawh kan khap dawn lo an ti ang nawk nawk bawk a. A thupui leh dan hmahruai kan chhiar chuan kutdawh khapna dan ngei chu a ni thung. Ram dang dan te leh dan tobul aṭanga kan thlir pawhin kutdawh hi khap theih chu a ni. Chutih rualin khap mawl tawp hian kawngro a su ber lo a, chhawmdawl dan tur ruahmanna ṭha tak neih tel ngei a ngai a ni.

Kan danin a tarlan angin kutdawh te chu Police-in man theihna an nei tawh dawn a, Receiving Centre-ah dah phawt tur an ni. Officer incharge-in an dinhmun a zirchian hnuah pawikhawihna dang an neih loh chuan kutdawh tawh lo tura intiamkamna nen chhuah zalen leh mai tur an ni a. Chenna in nei lo leh chhungte belh tur nei lo an nih chuan Relief Centre lamah dah nghal tur an ni. Dan kalha kutdawh an nih erawh chuan ₹5000 chawitirin intiamkamna an neih hnuah chhuah leh tur an ni. Thupek zawm lo emaw man nawn an nih chuan ₹10, 000 thleng chawitir theih a ni a. Kutdawh man nawn leh te chu Relief Centre-ah dah tur an ni a, tlanbo emaw kutdawhtirtu man an nih chuan lung ina khung theih an ni bawk. An chungchang ngaihtuahtu State/Local Relief Board leh Officer dangte an awm dawn a. Chhawmdawl zui zel dan tur leh ramdang mi thawn haw dan turah thutlukna an siam ang. Relief Centre-a awmte hi an hriselna dinhmun te, an harsatna tawhte ngun taka zirchian tur a ni a. Uluk taka enkawl an nih hnuah an awm hun chhung awm tluan leh kutdawh zui lo tura ngaih an nih hnuah chhuah zalen tur an ni. Naupang kutdawh an awm a nih chuan an chungthu chu Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 hnuaiah Juvenile Justice Board ten an ngaihtuah ang.

State danga kutdawh khapna danin sawisel a hlawhna lai ber chu dan ṭha tak anga lang a nih laia kutdawh enkawl zuina mumal awm lo leh, kutdawh an kiam chuang lo lai hi a ni. Ruihhlo ngai enkawl kawngah kan muthlu rei lek lek a, khatiang kha a thlen leh chuan he dan pawh hi a hlawhchham ve ang. Mumbai khawpuiah khuan Census 2011 data-ah kutdawh 24, 307 an awm a. Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) chhinchhiah danin kum 2020-ah kutdawh an chhinchhiah zat chu 29, 000 a ni (Indian Express, 2020). Zirchiannain a tarlan danin tun hnai kum thum chhung khan Mumbai khawpuia kutdawh vài runpui ṭum 4205 neih a ni a, kutdawh 15, 246 vel khawm an ni. Kutdawh zinga 85% chu retheih vang ni lo, thatchhiat vanga kutdawha eizawng an ni (Sanatan Prabhat, 2024). Kutdawha eizawng zingah hian khawvela kutdawh hausa ber nia hriat Bharat Jain pawh tel vein, vawiina a hausakna chu ₹7. 5 crore hu vel a ni hem mai (ET, 2024). Maharashtra hi State tam takin an entawn a, an dan an adopt ve hial ni mah se vawiin thlengin an la hlawhtling thei bik lo chu a ni.

Bill buatsaihtute ṭan chhan langsar tak pakhat chu Sairanga rel lo thleng tur leh chumiin a ken tel hnam dang laka invenna tura tih a ni. A pu luttu Minister ngei pawhin a put luh chhanah (Objects & Reasons) state páwn aṭanga kutdawh lo lut tur laka invenna tur a nih thu a tarlang nghe nghe. Tun hnaia Mizorama kutdawh zingah hnam dang an awm nia sawi a ni bawk a. He dan kan duan laia kan mitthlaa langsar ber chu hnam dang kutdawhte an ni tih a chiang hle. Inner Line Regulation, 1873 hnuaiah ILP nei lote tan Mizorama luh theih a nih loh lai a, rel lo lut tur avanga kutdawh pung hluai tura kan ngai ngawt mai hi a fel tawk lo em aw tih theih a ni. Kan dan neihsa hian kutdawh tura lo kal pawh a veng hneh dawn lova kan hriat chuan a dawh ve lo tura lo kal, sumdawng tur leh hnathawk tur phei chu kan veng seng dawn em ni tih mai a awl hle. Mikhual kutdawh hmuak tura kan lo inralring ang bawk hian a dawh ve lo turte hmuak tura inbuatsaih pawh a hun ta e.

Kan hlauh lawk ang ngei hian mikhual kutdawh rawn lut ta hum hum se, thawn haw tawp tur tih a nih loh avangin buaipui a hautak fu thei. Ziaka kan hmuh angin thawn haw satliah tawp lova State dang Relief Centre-ah bawk thawn (transfer) tur an nih avangin kan rinaiin hmalak a harsa thei a, inkaihhruaina kan siam belh hunah he lai hi kan uluk zual a ṭha awm e. India ram pawn lam mi an nih chuan Foreigner Act, 1946 leh *Passport (Entry to India) Act, 1950 tlawhchhanin an rama thawn haw tur an ni a. Foreigner-in a huam chin chu kan hrechiang viauin a rinawm. Chutih rualin dan kan lekkawh hunah patla rualkhai lo hman palh awm thei a nih avangin fimkhur a ṭul ang. Hmasawnna avangin min chimtute an la pung deuh deuh dawn a, dan zam ve uk si a, a ṭhena ni sa, a ṭhena ruah surna lai a awm chuan a fuh lo thei. Dan zawm lo an nih miau chuan sap an ni emaw vai an ni emaw, Bangladesh leh Myanmar thlengin rualkhai taka hmalak ni rawh se. Chutih rualin Bill pass taka Deportation chungchanga dan tlawhchhan *‘Passport (Entry to India) Act, 1950’ tia tarlan kha dan awm lo a ni a, ‘Rules 1950’ emaw ‘Act 1920’ tih zawk tur ni awm tak a ni. Dan hming tihsual hi a pawi tham viau a, Amendment siam a nih leh zet loh chuan he lai bawr hi hman theih a ni kher lo ang.

Census 2011 data-ah chuan India ramah kutdawh 4, 13, 670 an awm a. Mizoramah 53 (Mipa-33, Hmeichhia-20) an awm. Minister-in a tarlan angin Department zirchiannaah chuan kutdawh mi 30 chuang vel an awm mek. Heta zirchianna hi uluk taka neih a nih chuan dan kan neih hma hauhin kutdawhin kiam lam an pan tihna a ni thei a. Study puitling a nih loh chuan hmalak a awlsamna turin a rang lama kan dinhmun kan chian a ṭha awm e. State dang muan sual thu leh an harsatnate hre ran chungin kan enkawl zawh tawk lek an nih lai hian theihtawp chhuaha ṭan kan khawh a hun takzet a. A hunlaia ṭan kan khawh tlat chuan a kangkai zel tur lakah kan la him thei ang a, kutdawh awm lohna ram ‘beggar free state’ kan din thei thuai ang. Chumi atan chuan vawiina kutdawh kan khap piah lamah, naktuka kutdawh thei dinhmuna awm te khaichhuah hi kan tihmakmawh a ni. Delhi High Court chuan, “Khua leh tui te kutdawh ngai lo tura siam hi sawrkar mawhphurhna a ni a. Chutiang tihlawhtling si lova kutdawh man khawm ringawt chu thil dik lo (unconstitutional) a ni, ” a ti (Harsh Mander vs Union of India, 2018).

Kan pi leh pute hunah khan khawlaia kutdawh ngai khawpa pachhia an awm hriat a ni lo. Ṭhenawmah chhuanchham an awm chuan ṭhenawm khawveng an nih anga an tihtur ti tawk lovin an inhria a, an zak ngawih ngawih ṭhin. Vawiinah hian eng vangin nge miin kut a dawh? Thatchhiat vanga kut dawh an awm thei a, duhthlan tur nei ngang loh avanga zah pawh dawn lova kutdawh a awm theih bawk ang. Chu'ng mite chu kan ngaihven tur chu an ni. Ram leilung fa, kan ṭhenawm, kan unau, kan kohhran memberpui zingah kutdawh ngai khawpa dinhmun chhia an awm chuan inenfiah kan ngaih chin a awm ang. Miin thatchhiat vanga kut a dawh a nih chuan he dan hian awlsam takin a hling mai dawn a. Retheihna thuk tak vanga kutdawh an nih chuan kan Relief Centre hian awmzia a nei ang em, an chhuah leh hunah kutdawh zui ngai lovin kan siam hman ang em tih hi he dan kan teh zuina tur chu a ni.

Ram leilung fate zingah kutdawh kan la tam lo a nih chuan he dan hian chhawr zui a hlawh lutuk lo thei a, thil lawmawm lam a ni. Hnam dang kutdawh kan lo thlithlaia kan thawn haw chuan kar loah dan lekkawh ngai loin kan awm thei ang. Chutih rualin ram dangte dinhmun aṭanga kan zir chhuah theih pakhat chu khawvel hmasawn zelah retheite retheihna hi a thuk tulh tulh ṭhin a. Hei vang hian dan mumal neih a nih hnuah pawh kutdawh kan la pung ve zel thei bawk.

Mimal kutdawh kan sawi tak piah lamah pawh hian chhungkua, pawl, sawrkar leh ram pum huap ang zawngte hian kut a lo dawh theih dawn reng mai. Kutdawh kan hrilhfiah dan azir zelin kutdawh state, khawmpui/inthlan dawn apianga tlawmngai pawl kutdawh ṭhin, inthlan dawn apianga kutdawh ching chhungkua a awm theih. He dan thar kan hman tura sum leh pai hman tur (State Relief Fund) lakluhna tura tarlanah hian, thawhlawm tlingkhawn (subscription, donations, private institutions etc. ) tih tarlan tel a ni a. Thlirna tlang dang aṭanga thlir chuan kutdawh enkawlna turin sawrkarin mi thil phalte hnenah kut a dawh ve dawn a tih theih ang!

Engpawhnise, dan rorelna ramah chuan dan siam hi kan tihmakmawh a ni a. A famkim tawk lo leh fuh lo a awm a nih pawhin siam ṭhatna hun kan la nei a. Khua kan tlai hmaa kan lo inhmakhua lawkna rah hi kan la tel ngei ang. He dan thar lo piang tur hian a nihna ang tak hian hnathawk se la, kutdawh khapna satliah ni lova mi retheite khaichhuahna leh kan zavaia rilru dik pu tura inzirtirna hmanrua lo ni ngei rawh se. Chumi atan chuan sawrkar chakna mai a tawk zo dawn lo a, mimal, chhungkua, kohhran, khawtlang leh tlawmngai pawlten pheikhai rual taka ke kan pen a ṭul a ni. 

- Lal Sangzuala