FCAA 2023 CHUNGCHANG BAWK AW (Zirtirna dik lo lên bovin i awm suh ang u)

1. Mi ṭhenkhatin FCAA 2023 hi kan hnawl thei lo, kan pawm ngei ngei a ngai an ti hi chu a dik lo. A danpui (FCA 1980) zawk chauh kha Art. 371G kan la neih hmaa mi a nih avangin kan hnawl thei lo va. Amendment Act 2023 hi erawh chu Art. 371G-in ‘no Act of Parliament ....shalll apply to .......unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides’ a tih avangin kan hnawl thei teh meuh mai. Kan pawm hma phei chuan he Act hi kan ramah chuan a hman theih loh tihna a ni zawk.

2. Kan pawm loh phei chuan kan pawm loh thu hi resolution-a pass kher pawh ngai lo leh India sawrkar hriattir kher pawh ngai lovin kan ramah chuan a hman theih ve loh ti pawh an awm a, hei hi chu a dik a ni. Hei hi sawrkar hmasa khan an lo hre ru khiau nge ni, an pawm loh thu Assembly resolution kha Central sawrkar hriattir miah lovin, executive action kha an lo la miah lo va, thil pawi lo pawl tak a ni awm e. Amaherawhchu, kan ngawihbona (silence) kha a nghetin (permanent-in) a ding thei lo (Silence does not automatically become permanent non-adoption).

3. Chu mai a la ni lo, kha Amendment chhunga mi pawh kha kan duh lai lai kan pawmin, kan duh loh lai lai kan la hnawl thei cheu. (The Assembly can pass a resolution declining certain paragraphs of an amendment while accepting others, provided it specifies the exact portions adopted or rejected in the resolution under Art, 371G). Amaherawhchu, mi ṭhenkhatin FCAA 2023 kan pawm avanga Art. 371G-a kan thuneihna hi tibo emaw, tidal emaw ta ang hiala an sawi hi chu thu dik lo hulhual a ni a. Kan hnawl emaw, kan pawm emaw hian kan special power chu kan hmang ta chiah zawk a ni.

4. Mi ṭhenkhat dang lehin Art. 371G-a ‘Land’ tih hian forest a huam tel lo angin an sawi bawk a, hei pawh hi a dik lo. Land chuan forest chu a huam teh meuh mai; forest lo pawh lei nena inzawm (attached to land) thil tam tak a huam. Central sawrkarin kan state chhunga leihnuai hausakna (resources) hai chhuah tuma a beihna reng reng pawh chu Art. 371G hmangin kan dang thei lo.

5. FCAA 2013 hi hnawl thei kan nih rual erawh chuan, Concurrent List-a awm a nih avangin kan hnawl hlen/kumhlun (permanent) thei lo. Kan lo hnawl a nih pawhin kan hnawlna (non-adoption) kha chu a tih khawtlaina (temporary delay) mai a ni. (Mizoram’s unique status under Art. 371G gives temporary veto over Parliamentary laws relating to land and forest, but not permanent power to annul wholly or resist them). Pawm loh hlen kan duh a nih chuan Parliament nen kan duh dan inan lohna (inconsistence/conflict) chu Art. 254 hnuaiah Doctrine of Pith and Substance hmanga rel fel tur a ni.

6. Ṭul lova kan buaina chhan ber chu, FCAA 2023 Section 1A(2)-a exemption kan tih mai ho hi, forest aṭang chauhva exempt a ni a, Mizoram pumpui aṭangin a ni lo tih hi kan hriat chian loh vang a ni. He dan hi han bih chiang ila, a sawi dan chu: He dan hian hengte hi a huam lo vang tih a ni a, he dan a tih chu khi forest dan (FCAA 2023) khi a ni. A huam loh tur a sawinaah pawh chiang takin heng forest/ forest land-te hi (such forest/ forest land) a ti zel. Chu mi awmzia chu, forest ram awm sa (notified and recorded) aṭang khan heng forest/ forest land-te hi chu forest anga ngaih a ni tawh lo vang tihna a ni. Chumi chu han sawifiah leh chuan, heng exemption a pekho hi forest area aṭang chauhva exemp a ni a, forest ram ni lo, mipui ram (non-forest land) aṭanga exemption a ni lo (The exemption clauses under FCAA specify their operations in forest land and recorded forest areas, not in any general land or non-forest areas).

7. Mizoram pumpui area hi 21,081 sq.km a ni a, chuta ṭanga forest rama chhiar (notified and recorded forest) area chu 5,641 sq.km vel a ni. Forest ram ni lo hi 15,440 sq.km a la awm. Forest ram 5,641 sq.km vel aṭang chauh khian exemption hi pek a ni a, a bak mipui ram 15,440 sq.km vel aṭang khian a ni lo.

Tichuan, forest ram ni lo (non-forest), mipui chan 15,440 sq.km hi chu a khawih tel dawn lo a ni (Non-forest land does not fall within the purview of the Act, so its restrictions and exemptions are not applicable outside forest areas). International boarder aṭanga km. 100 pawh ni sek sek se, forest ram (5,641 sq.km) aṭang chauhvin exemption pek a nih avangin keini tan lo hlauh tur pakhat mah a awm lo. Aadhaar card, ration card leh sawrkar hnathawh hlau tlattute tih tawk vel a ni! Forest clearance pe theitu Central sawrkarin ama thuneihna vêk hmangin forest ram chhung aṭanga forest-a chhiar tawh loh tur chin a rawn bithliahna mai a ni.

8. Amaherawhchu, forest ram chin tih lai tak hi Central sawrkar duh dan leh Supreme Court duh dan a inan loh avangin tunah hian state/ UT tinin Expert Committee/ Special Investigation Team dinin, anmahni ram chhung ṭheuhva forest area-a puan tur chin tichiang turin hma an la mek a. Chu mi hma chuan FCAA 2023-in forest ram chin a sawifiahna hi kan lo pawm rih phawt a ngai a ni.

9. FCAA 2023-ah hian Central leh state sawrkarin heng exempted area chhunga hna an thawh duh huna forest clearance lak a ngaih leh ngaih loh tur thu hi a a sawi miah lo mai a. a hnua Rule lo chhuak leh pawh hian a sawi chuang lo. Exemption area huam chhunga ramte khawih tur pawh hian state sawrkar kaltlanga Central sawrkar phalna lak a ngaih tho tho avang hian a hrapaa forest clearance lak a ngai lo tura ngaih a ni. Mi ṭhenkhatin Central sawrkarin kan ram an duhna lai laia rawn inkhuar tur ang leh hnam dang mi hausa pui puiin ram an rawn nei thei dawn anga an sawi hi chu dan bih chian loh vang leh Revenue Act/Rules lam hriat tel loh vang a ni ang. Mi ṭhenkhatin mipui tithlabar zawnga an sawi hlauhawm vak ang hi chu ṭawngṭai rual pawhin dil mup mup mah ila, a thleng hauh lo vang.

10. MZU lama kan mithiamte’n mipui ram (non-forest) ni lo, forest ram aṭang chauhva exemption ni mahse, forest ram an tichhe ṭeuh thei tho va, a uiawm tho tho alawm ti ang zawnga an sawi hi erawh a dik chiah mai a; kei ka lo ngaihdan deuh pawh a ni. Amaherawhchu, a hnua Rule leh Guidelines-ah hian forest tihchhiat a, forest dang siam lehna tur pawisa (Compensatory Afforestation) Central-in an pek vek tur thu te, Tribal Forest Rights humhim tlat a nih tur thute an rawn tarlan avang leh, kawng lehlamah hmasawnna hnathawh a awlsam phah dawn bawk si avang hian he FCAA kan lo adopt mai hi thil tih âwm tak niin a lang.

11. Nagaland Assembly-in an adopt nghal mai lohna chhan point-ho kha keini tan a ngai ve lo. Land resources kha keini Art. 371G-ah a tel ve lo va, Tribal Forest Rights Act, 2006 kan nei sa a (hei pawh hi mi ṭhenkhat chuan an oppose tho a nih kha), Compensatory Afforestation chungchang dan leh Compensation Rehabilitation Dan (RFCTLAR Act, 2013) hman lai mek ṭha tak kan nei bawk a ni.

12. Kan hriat tel tur pawimawh tak pakhat chu, Supreme Court ruling/ decision hi Central sawrkarin hman tura a tihna order/notification a rawn chhuah hma chuan dan ang hrima lo chelek chiam chi a ni lo tih hi a ni (The Supreme Court (SC) ruling is not automatically treated as an Act or Law before the Central Government issues any Notification or Order implementing it).

- C. Chalsawithanga, Kulikawn