CHHIATNA FUND
October ni 13 hi khawvel puma chhiatrupna nghawng tinêp tura beihpui thlakna ni, ‘International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ (IDDRR) a ni a, kum 2025 thupui atan ‘Fund resilience, not disasters’ thlan a ni. Chhiatrupna thlen loh nana sum ruahman lâwk neih hi a ṭangkai a; thupui sawi chhunzawm nan ‘Chhiatna Fund’ tih kan hmang ang. Khawtlangin chhiatna kan tawh nikhuaa kan inrelbawlna atana kan hman ṭhin nen erawh a tum a dang thung. Chhiatrupna kan tawrh phahna ṭhin, chhiatna min thlen ṭhin, heng leimin te, rial tla te, tuilian te, sabereka khuangkaih te, lirnghing te, ran pûl hri te pawh a ni thei e’ heng avanga harsatna kan tawrh nêp theih nana hmalakna tur sum lo inruahman lawk ṭul thu hi inzirtir a ngai viau mai a. Khawvel pum dinhmun, UNDRR (UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction)-in a lo zirchianna aṭangin kan sawi zau hmasa ang.
Khawvel puma chhiatna thleng ṭhin tinêp tur hian ram hrang hrangte’n thuthlung an ziak ṭhin a. Kum 2015-2030 chhung atana thuthlung an ziah, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction hmalakna thlir letin, beisei sang viau mah se, tun thlengin chhiatrupna nghawng hian ziaawm lam a pan hlei thei lo. Sik leh sa inthlak danglam nasa lutuk nghawng te, hmasawnna ruhrel dinna khingbai avang te, khawpui bawh uar lutuk te, chenna hmun him ngaihthah vangte leh invenna atana sum awm loh vangte a ni ber. Kum tin hian dollar billion 202 zet chu chhiatrupna kaihhnawih avangin sen ral a ni ṭhin a; GAR2025 chuan dollar trillion 2.3 a kai hial niin a report thung. Hei hi chhiatrupna thlengin a nghawng nghal mai bakah, a sawhkhâwk dangte leh environment a tihchhiatte nena chhût tel a nih vang a ni.
Ram hausa leh changkang apiangah chhiatrupna avanga sum hloh a tam zawk anga chhut a ni. Chhiatrupna kan tawrh ṭhinahte hian hausa leh retheite thil neih leh a hlut zawng pawh a inthlau a; chhiatrupna a lo thlen hian, hausa apiangte hloh pawh a tam ṭhin. Chhiatna a pung a, hmun hlauhawm laite pawh venhim a nih vek theih loh laiin, chhiatna kan tawrh loh nan leh a nêp deuh theihna atana sum ruahman hi a sang thei si lo. Ram hrang hrang sorkar budget-te han thlir pawhin, heti lam hawia budget dah hi 1% tling lo a tam a, ram lian tam takte pawhin 10-25% an dah tling pha bik lo. Ram hausa leh changtlun zawkte’n ram ṭhang laite puihna atan an theh chhuak tlem ta bawk a, ram rethei leh ṭhanglai tam takte’n harsatna kan tawh phah a ni.
Kum 2025 IDDRR hian a tum ber chu, sorkar budget leh khawvel pum sum leh paia inṭanpuina kawngah hian chhiatrupna tinêp zawnga hmalakna tur sum dah tipung tur te, hmasawnna kawnga hmalakna hrang hrang leh mimal sum peipunna te hi him leh ngelnghet zawk ni se tihte a ni. Chhiatna avangin kan in leh lo, vantlang hmun leh sorkar bungrua leh, hmasawnna hnathawhte hi rîral mai thei a nih avangin, kan chàn vek loh nan lukhâwng (insurance) awm zel thei se. Chhiatna chi hrang hrang laka a him theih nana hmalakna tur sum ruahman lawk ni thei bawk se. Loan pûkin, mimal in leh lo chauh ni lo, kohhran leh sorkar hmun hma ngeite pawh sak leh ruahman a ni ṭhin. Chhiatrupna laka harsatna kan tuar nêp theihna kawng–in leh lo dinna hmun leilung himna te, tui luankawr ngaih pawimawh te, in sak nana hmanraw ṭha leh him hman te, kângmei laka invenna dah te, kawngpui laih leh inhmun laih thuah, laih dan him hmanga hun hman rei zawk deuh pawh pawi tih loh leh, senso sang zawk pawh ni se kut tha ngei hman angte leh, a dâwlna siam thuah te pawh a ni thei. Thui tak thlir lawk chungin kan himna atana lo insenso a ṭul a nih pawha inhuam a ngai.
Ram hrang hrang hi chhiatna tinêp tur zawnga sum ruahmanna kawngah an ṭhangharh ṭan viau a. India ram ngei pawhin 16th Finance Commission-ah hian USD billion 28 aṭangin billion 42 -ah a tipung dawn a, budget kal lai aṭanga thlirin a punna hi 50% lai a tling. Chhiatrupna avangin kum tin, a bik takin fûr laiin khél lovin harsatna kan tawk ṭhin. Kum 2024 May thlaa Cyclone Remal avangin chhiatna kan tawk nasa a, a phuhrûkna atan special disaster fund-ah cheng vaibelchhe 137.50 (SASCI Part-I Revised Guideline) kan dawn tur thu pawh Assembly budget speech-ah kan ngaithla a nih kha. SASCI hnuaiah hmun hrang hrangah tui luankawr siam mek a ni a, hmachhawp pawh a awm nual a nih hmel. State budget-ah hian chhiatrupna kan tuar nêp theihna tur kawngah sum dah tam ila, hmasawnna hian chhiatna min thlen tur a ni lo. Prime Minister’s Ten Points Agenda on Disaster Risk Reduction-ah pawh a hmasa berah, ‘Hmasawnna chuan chhiatrupna thlen theihna tihziaawmna lam a ngaihtuah tur a ni a, chhiatna a thlen tur a ni lo’ tih a ni. Kan hmuh leh hriat tlan, kawngpui lian laih leh sial te, rel kawngah te hian ngaih pawimawh a ni em tih a chiang ang.
Kum 2025-26 atan sorkar laipui aṭangin kan dawn nen State Disaster Risk Management Fund (SDRMF)-ah cheng vaibelchhe 57 kan nei a. State-in zaa 10 kan lo tum a; cheng vaibelchhe 45.6 (80%) chu State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF)-ah dah a ni, a bak cheng vaibelchhe 11.4 (20%) chu State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF) hnuaiah a ni thung. Heng fund hman theihna leh a hman dan tur hi duan sa vek a ni nghe nghe. PWD budget-ah kawng siam ṭhat nan leh enkawl nan cheng vaibelchhe 100 dah thu kan hmu a. Mizoram State Health Care Scheme hnuaia bill awmte pek tlak zung zung nan cheng vaibelchhe 50 dah a ni. Power infrastructure tihhmasawn nan cheng vaibelchhe 20 dah a ni bawk. Ram dangin an neih ve loh tur, mitthi ruang phurh nan cheng vaibelchhe 5 a awm bawk. Heng chhiatna kaihhnawih hrang hranga sum dah, sorkar laipui do letna nena chhût vek hian cheng vaibelchhe 180.7 zet a tling a, hei hi kan state budget cheng vaibelchhe 15,198.76 aṭanga chhut chuan 1.2% chauh a ni thung. Kawngpui siam leh enkawlna bakah, power infrastructure-te hi chhût tel loh phei chuan 1% pawh a kai dawn lo tihna a ni a; chhiatrupna avanga buai leh harsatna tâwk kum tin tan chuan hmasawnna tur kan nei ngei ang.
Chhiatrupna lo thlen hmaa lo thlir lawk theihna, early warning system lamah hian sorkar laipui a ṭang hle a. Khawchin thlirtu, India Meteorological Department leh ISRO thawhhona a ṭha a, khawchin thlir lawk thei thlalem (satellite) pahnih–INSAT-3D leh INSAT-3DR ten chung lam aṭangin min vil reng a, minutes 15 dan zelah khawchin dinhmun tharlâm a rawn thawn reng bawk. Tun hma zawng aiin khawchin thlir lawkna pawh a dik a, a rintlak tawh a ni. Sum leh pai ṭhahnem tak sen a ni bawk a, mobile phone apps e.g. Sanchet, Mausam, NDEM Lite, etc. kaltlangin mahni awmhmunah khawchin kan hre zung zung thei a, chanchin thar lamah kan ngaithla ṭhin bawk. Hengte hi hmang ṭangkai ila, a ṭul ang zelin lo inhmakhua ang u.
Global Commission on Adaptation chuan hetianga early warning, hlauhawm lo thleng tur darkar 24 chhunga tihchhuah hian 30% velin chhiatna nghawng a tiziaawm thei tih a hmu chhuak nghe nghe a. July ni 30 khan ISRO leh NASA ṭang dunin an siam satellite changkang zet mai NISAR chu Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota aṭangin GSLV-F-16 rocket hmangin kah chhuah a ni a. He thlalem thar hian chhun leh zan bakah, chhûm chhah karah pawh leilung dinhmun danglam dan thlengin a thlirin a hmu thei tawh dawn. Lirnghing leh tuifinriat fâwn sang (tsunami) zir nan te, tlangkang te, leimin leh tuilian dinhmun zir nan a ṭangkai dawn hle a ni.
Chhungkaw dinhmun kan inang lo nâ a, kan phak tawk ang zelin ‘Chhiatna fund’ neih hi thil ṭul tak a ni ta. Bungrua leh thil dang nei ṭha si, buai leh harsatna cho lo tak kan ni fur awm e. Kan tlin tawk ang zelin, mi dangte tuarna aṭangin kan inzir ang a, chhiatrupna hrang hrang laka kan him thei nan hma ila ang u. Fûr hun a liam dawn a, mahse, kan la hmachhawn leh dawn tih hre chungin, fûrpui lo thlen leh hun pawha kan buai loh nan, hlauthawng leh mangang taka kan awm loh nan, i inbuatsaih lawk ang u. Mimal, a ti theite bakah, kan sorkar hotute’n rem an tih chuan, a tahtawlin kan building-te pawh hi a theih chin chin chu insurance ti tel thei bawk ila; chhiatrupna chi hrang hrangin a hual reng ram tan chuan thil ṭul tak a ni e.
Kum 2019-a NDMA-in Earthquake Disaster Risk Index (EDRI) Report a tihchhuahah Aizawl khawpui hi khawpui 40 zingah lirnghing laka khawpui him lo berah a dah a. Leilung dinhmun te, lirnghing ziarâng leh nihphung an thlirin, tuna Seismic Zone V-a awmte hi Zone VI huam chhungah dah kan ni dawn a, hei hian in sak dan thuah nghawng a nei dawn a ni. Lirnghing laka in sak dan him leh ṭha, hmanrua ṭha hman a ṭul a; architect leh engineer te thu awih pawh a ngai. Leilung zirmi, geologist-te thu pawh ngaichângin, in lian, rit leh chhâwng sangte hi a sakna tur leilung azira sak ngam loh zawk pawh a ṭul ta. Thuneitu lamin ngun taka ngaihtuahna sengin, lirnghing lian tham kan tuar hmain invenna lamah hma kan lak a ngai a ni.
Khawtlangin thlanmual kan enkawl a, lumen leh a kaihhnawih ṭul danga hman atan ‘chhiatni fund’ kan khawn ṭhin. Hetiang deuh hian, ‘chhiatna fund’ nei thei ta ila, a hman dan tur pawh hetiang deuh hian a ruahman lawk theih ang. Mi, damdawi ina enkawl ngai an nih laiin, damdawi in awmna tur nei lo tana MUHCS emaw, insurance dang emaw han tihsak te, tui luankawr emaw, lungrem emaw han siama inhmun him thei tur, retheih vanga siam thei lote tan hmang thei ta bawk ila; a dang tam tak pawh a awm thei ang.
Khawtlang leh ram tan pawh chhiatna thlen hnua thawm ṭhat leh siam ṭhat hna hi a hautak a, a nghawng nat ṭhin avangin ‘chhiatna fund’ kan neih hmangin eng emaw chen chu kan lo inveng lawk thei tawh ang. Khawtlang kut thlakna chu sorkarin a ûm zui lo thei lo ang a, kan beisei pawh a sang ngei ang. Hausa leh neinung deuh te pawh heti lam hawi zawng hian ṭhangharh thei se a duhawm hle. Heti ang zawng hian ngaihtuahna seng zel ila chu chhiatrupna avanga chhiatna kan tawh ṭhin tam tak hi kan pumpelh thei ang a; kan lo tawk ta a nih pawhin kan tuar nêp deuh dawn a ni.
- Prof. Laldinpuia, Centre for Disaster Management, MZU