ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT NOTIFICATION, 2006 vs FOREST CONSERVATION AMENDMENT ACT, 2023

Thu hma hruai

United Nations Conference on Human Environment (UNCHE) 1972, Stockholm-a neihah Pi Indira Gandhi-in thu a zu sawi a. Chumi hnu-ah The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 & Rules, 1975 tih chhuah a ni a. India ram tana environment humhalhna dan, The Environment (Proctection) Act, 1980 tih chhuah a ni leh a. Environment chuan tui, boruak, ram, nungcha leh thil siam dangte a huam vek a ni. Sawrkar laipui chuan The Indian Forest Conservation Act (FCA), 1980 a siam a. He danin a ken tel pawimawh tak mai chu, forest ram–thil danga hman (transfer of forest land for non-forestry purposes) chungchang a ni. Chutianga forest ram hman duhna a awm a nih chuan, central sawrkar aṭangin hman phalna-prior Forest Clearance (FC) chu, Ministry of Forest Environment & Climate (MoEF&CC) New Delhi aṭangin lak a ngai ta ṭhin a ni. Entir nan, Sairang-Seling kawng/lei verh, 2 lane Aizawl Bypass NH-06-in a sut tlang tur forest ram hectare 55.63 hman phalna chu MoEF&CC Regional Office, Shillong kal tlangin ni 17.4.2025 khan Mizoram sawrkar hnehah pek a ni.

1. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006: Miin forest ramah emaw, lui lamah emaw Project engpawh a siam dawn chuan a hnuaia tar lante hi a pal tlang a ngai a.

(1) Environmental Clearance (EC): A hmasa berin, Project siamtu/neitu (Proponent)-in project hna a thawh theih nan, prior EC phalna a dil a ngai a, pal tlang tur hrang hrang a awm a.

(a). Central sawrkar (MoEF&CC) phalna: MoEF&CC hnuaiah chuan project lo endiktu, Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) a awm a, chu chuan project Category A a khawih a. Category A-in a huam chin tlangpui chu- Airport, Industrial estate, park, Ports & harbours, Highways, Railways/ Expressways, Aerial ropes (skywalk, ropeway), Major minerals (gold, silver, coal, oil&gas, etc.); Hydel projects (=/>25 MW), Thermal power plant, Nuclear power plant, Cement factory, Petroleum, Savun factory, Chemical fertilizer, Paper industry, etc.).

(b) State Level Environment Impact Assessment Authority(SEIAA): SEIAA hi State chhunga thu neitu ber (Authority) a ni a. A hnuaiah hian District Project Report (DPR) lo en diktu State/UT Level Expert Apprisal Committee (SEAC) a awm a. SEAC chuan District aṭanga District Project Report (DPR) Evironmental Impact ASssessment/Environmental Management Plan (EMP) te FORM1, FORM-1A leh APPENDIX 1-XIV hmangin a lo en dik ang a, siam ṭhat ngai leh tih belh ngai awm apiangte siam ṭha turin project siamtu (Proponent) hnenah a pe let leh a. A siam ṭhat hnuah SEAC-in a lo en dik leh a, pawmtlaka a ngaih chuan SEIAA-ah a thlen ta chauh ṭhin a ni. Category B hnuaia awm te chu - hydel project 25 MW–<100 MW; irrigation projects >2000 ha–< 10, 000 ha & =/>10, 000 ha; industrial area <500 ha.; State highways expansion >1000 m chin tlang ram atan; commoon hazardous waste; common municipal SWM; building &construction =/>20, 000 sq. m-<1, 50, 000sq. m; townships & area dev. projects =/>50 ha/buils upa area =>1, 50, 000 sq. m; mining of minerals (minor minerals) =/< 250 ha; building construction < 20, 000 sq. m etc.

(c). District Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority(DEIAA):District chhunga project thuneitu chu DEIAA a ni a. A hnuaiah District Level Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC) a awm ve leh a, chu chuan Category B2 (mining and minerals) te a huam a. Sustainable Mining Management Guidelines, 2016 & Sustainable Sand Mining Guidelines, 2020 hnuaiah a awm a ni. Supreme Court-in mining & minerals khawih theihna DEIAA hnenah ni 15. 01. 2016- 03. 9. 015 -31. 03. 2025 thleng a lo pek tawh chu, District level-ah mi thiam (subject expert) an van avang leh thil hrang hrang avangte-in a hnuk kir leh (revoked) a, SEIAA kutah a dah leh ta a ni. Hemi avang hian District project (DPR) reng reng chu SEAC-ah a lut vek a, hun a duh rei phah ta a ni.

(d). Environmental Clearance (prior EC) phalna nei tura thil tul te:

(i). Project thliar fel (Screening): Category B projects atan FORM 1 hmangin District Project Report (DPR) chu SEAC-ah theh lutin, SEAC chuan chil takin a lo en dik ang.

(ii). Project zir chian(Scoping): SEAC-in Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) & Environment Management Plan (EMP) te en dik dan tur (Terms of reference) hmangin a zir chiang ang a, prior EC pektlak a nih leh nih loh a en dik ang (Hei hi Category-B2 project tan a ngai lo a).

(2). Mipui rawn khawm (Public consultation): Khawtlang mipui rawn khawm buatsaih hi State Pollution Control Board mawh phurhna a ni a. Project awmna khawtlang mipui kal khawmte zawhnaleh an hriat thiam loh te chhangin an hrilh fiah ang a;rawtna emaw, thu rawn emaw an neihte chu chhinchhiahin, project neitu-in a tul angin a project report-ah a bilh lut ang. Mipui an rawn khawm ngei a ni tih finfiah nan, thlalak leh videography te vawngin, Final Project Report (Annexure)-ah an thil tel ang.

(4). Project thlit fim (Appraisal): Project neitu (proponent) chuan Final Project EIA/EMP lo thlit fim atan SEAC-ah a theh lut leh ang. Project neitu chu presentation nei turin a ko/sawm ang a, siam ṭhat ngai laite siam ṭhain SEAC-ah bawk a theh lut leh ang. SEAC-in ṭha a tih chuan SEIAA-ah a thlen ang a, SEIAA-in ṭha a tih chuan phalna (prior Environmental Certificate) a pe ang a, online PARIVESH portal a dah lut ang. Forest Clearance emaw, Environmental Clearance emaw buaipui chhung (processing) hian hun a duh rei ṭhin avangin, project tih hun chhung tura ruahman a lo tawp hman a, a bul aṭanga tih ṭhat leh te a ngai ta ṭhin a. Chutianga project tih khawtlai (pending) chu border roads-ah project 51;non Indo-China-ah 29; May 2023 thlengin State project tangkhang 2, 235 awmin, Central-ah BRPs 593 te chu compensation, khaw awm dan, rawlrala chetna leh hna thawk thiam leh hmanraw awm loh avangin a tang ṭhup mai ṭhin a ni!

Khitiang teh nuaih khi thil awm dan a nih avangin hun a duh rei em em ṭhin. Chua chhapah, Project Report hi pawl nazawng siam phal a ni lo lehnghal a;Central sawrkarin a pawmte chauhvin project hi an siam thei a ni. Chungte chu - (1) Quality Council of India(QCI). (2) National Accreditation Board for Education & Training (NEBET) leh (3) Central- sawrkarin Environment Consultant Organization a ruat te an ni. Mizoramah hian chutiang Central sawrkar pawmpui, Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Haryana zawmpui ECOMS chauh a awm.

2. Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023 ve thung le: FCAA, 2023 hi Forest Conservation Act (FCA) 1980 siam ṭhatna dan a ni a. FCAA, 2023 chu Parliament (Lok Sabha)-in August 4, 2023- ah a pawm a. Rules & Guidelines chu November 29, 2023-ah leh Consolidated Handbook of Guidelines chu December 30, 2023-ah te tih chhuah a ni a. Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2023 leh Guidelines chu MoEF&CC-in September 24, 2024-ah a ti chhuak a. A hman dan tur sawi fiahna Rules & Guidelines a chhuah hmain Mizoram Assembly chuan “official resolution”-in August 22, 2023-ah lungrual takin an dodal/pawm lo va; Rules leh Guidelines chhuah hnuah Mizoram Assembly vekin “official resolution” bawka hnuh kir (provoke) a ngaih avangin, lungrual takin August 27, 2025 khan an pawm ve leh ta a ni. Article 371G hi chu a ngaiin a la ding reng. August 27, 2025-a FCAA, 20203 pawm duh lohna chu Political party ṭhenkhat leh NGO ṭhenkhatin nasa taka dodalin mipuiah an vawrh darh ta a ni. A duh lotute duh lohna lai deuh ber nia lang chu, Guidelines Section 1A(2) leh Article 371G nuai bo hlauh vang ni berin a lang.

Forest (Conservation), 1980-in a sawi chu, “Forest ram reng reng forest ni lo thil danga hman duhna a awm chuan (use of forest for any non-forest purpose/activity) Central sawrkar phalna lak hmasak tur a ni,” tih a ni a. FCA, 1980 Amendment 1988(iv) reafforestation (a)-ah thingpui, coffee, rubber, oip-palm, horti-crops, medicinal plants etc. phun phal a ni a; wildlife management, check-post, fire lines, culverts, pipelines etc erawh a huam tel lo thung a ni.

Tichuan, Section 1A(2)-in a sawi chu hengte hi a ni. (i) International boundary (e. g. , Mizoram, Nagaland etc. ); LOC & LAC (Pakistan & China ram ri) aṭanga km 100 chinah central sawrkar phalna lak ngai lovin, ram tana pawimawh leh ram himna atan linear projects (kawngpui, rail kawng, pipe lines phumna) atan te; (ii) ram ven himna thil ṭul leh pawimawhah ram hectare 10 chin hman te; (iii) ram veng himtu sipai awmna hmun (Camp) leh mipui khawsak nan ram hectare 5 chin hman te leh, (iv) rail kawng leh kawngpui sir hectare 0. 1 hman te a ni a. Heta kan ven thawn lai tak nia lang chu, Central sawrkarin Myanmar leh Bangladesh ram ri aṭanga km 100 chhung “Min rawn chhuahsak buan buan mai ang a," tia insawi ṭhaihna hi a ni berin a lang a. Hei bakah hian (han sawi belh hlek ila) India hmar chhak ram (States) te hi ramngaw nei ṭha leh nungchate tamna ram (biodevesity hotspots) a nih avanga a khawih chhiat theih dawn avang te-in a ni bawk ang chu.

Chutiang thil a awm thulha ram tih chhiat leh a siam ṭhat hna inbuk tawka a awm theih nan, sawrkar laipui chuan hetiangin ruahmanna a siam a.

(a) Forest ram hman hi State/UT thu neihna hnuaia awm a ni.

(b) Ram hmang ṭangkaitute’n forest tichhe tlem thei ang berin an hmang ang.

(c) Project-te chu National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuary chhungah kalpui phal a ni lo.

(d) Project zawh hnuah an ram tihchhiat chu forest-ah leh thil ṭangkai dangah siam leh hman a ni ang. (re-forestation & economics).

(e) Forest ram tih chhiat chu horticulture, silviculture, eco-tourism etc. atan hman ṭangkai leh a ni ang.

(f) Ram hmasawnna thil atana survey tih nan te hman theih a ni ang, tih te a ni a. Sawiseltute sawi lan A3 hi chu, chutiang ti duh lo sawrkar/dept. hotute hremna dan a ni.

Central sawrkarin ram venhimna atan leh hmasawnna thil ṭul dang pawimawha a hman hian forest hi a tichhe hlen der tihna a ni lem lo. Ram himna leh thil pawimawha hman a nih dawnin :

(i) DFO-in thing leh mau leh ram leilung a tihchhiat zawng zawngte zir chiangin a tih dam leh dan turte leh, a ram leilung hlutna NPV (Net Present Value) te nen lam thla khat chhungin Nodal Officer hnenah a theh lut ang a, Adhiniyam hnuaia ram hman phalna (land transfer) chu PCCF/Sawrkar pawmpui turin a thlen ang.

(ii) Ram hman phalna chu Nodal Officer chuan project thawktu (agent) hnenah a pe ang

(iii) Project neitu chuan thla khat chhungin forest tih nun/tih dam leh nan zangnadawmna pawisa chu thla khat chhungin State CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority)-ah a chhung lut ang.

(iv) A pek hun chhunga a pek theih loh chuan a pung 12% a chawi ang.

(v) Project neituin thla thum chhunga a pek theih loh lehzel chuan sawrkarin a chawlh lailawktir (suspend) ang a, fee zawng zawng nen insawifiahna hun a pe leh ang.

(vi) Project hna thawh chu Nodal Office-in a vil zui ang, tih a ni e. (Ref. FCA, 1980 and Amendment, 2025. Hariprasad, V. V. , 2025).

Thu tlipna:

Ram venhimna leh hmasawnna hnathawh hi Central thuneihna chinah chuan dodal thei mah ila, kan ṭhulhtir theih a rinawm lem lo va; mahse, kan timuang thei ang. Report siam a nih dawn khan (1990’s) kan insawi ṭhaih a; mahse, a ṭangkai ta hle si a ni. Bairabi aṭanga Sairang thleng rail kawng a chhuah dawn khan political party leh NGO-ten an dodal a; mhse rail chu a lo thleng ta ruau mai si a! Multi Modal kawngpui pawh a kal ta ruak mai a; mahse, compensation avangin tun thlengin an la zo thei lo va. Ex-PM Pu Vaspaye hun laia Silchar-Aizawl 4 lane-a kal tura tih chu kawng dangah lak pen niin, kum 40 ral hnu-ah Silchar-Sairang 4 lane tur chu FC fel hlei thei lo leh compensation avangin tih khawtlai fe a ni leh a; National Highways (Champhai, Lawngtlai, Tuipang etc.) pawh sawiselna karah a thlur sung tawh mai a, hmasawnna ropui tak a ni.

Mizoram-Myanmar ramri hung pawh hi dodal teh mah ila, central thuneihna a nih avangin a la tlang thovin a rinawm; kan lo tikhawtlai mai mai zawk a ni thei ang. Myanmar ramri hung hian thinlung lama kan inunauna a dalin a rinawm lem lo bawk. Khawthlang lamah pawh ramri hung a ni daih tawh a, kan inunauna a bo chuang lo. Hei hi hria ila, Mizoramin tun huna a buaipui ber ruihhlo (DRUGS) hi a ni a, he khawvela a siam chhuahna hmunpui ber chu Myanmar hi zu ni tlat pek a! Myanmar, Thailand leh Laos (Golden Triangle) aṭangin an thawn chhuak ṭhin a ni. Ramri hi hung pawh lo ni tehreng se, dan ang thlapa inkalpawhna (points) a awm thleh thluah ngei turah ngai ila, drug tawlhruk ven pawh a ziaawm phian zawkin a rinawm.

FCAA, 2023 pawh hi tunah dodal rih mah ila, central thuneihna a nih miau avangin a kal tlang thovin a rinawm. Assembly-in a lo adopt hi a finthlak viau zawk turah ngai ila. Tin, ram hi a thlawn ringawtin hman tur a ni dawn lo a, ram tihchhiat man zangnadawmna (levy/tax) leh a ram hlutna man project siamtuin a chawi dawn a ni. NIT Lengpui hmunhma tihchhiat man Compensatory Fund cheng vbc. 1,92,20,732/- leh NPV vbc. 1,92,20,732/-, a vaiin cheng vbc. 10,39,16,472/- an chawi a ni (CEP, 2025).

- Prof.H.Lalramnghinglova