Awih lai Darmawi

Tûk chhuak tina mawi lehzual beiseiin dârthlalang kan pan a, thil siam dangte’n siam an nih danah an lung a awi laiin, hringfate chuan duh tawk loin khawvel mawina inbumna thilte chu kan hmachhuan ṭhin. Mahse, dârthlalang chuan hringfate nihna dik tak hmuhtirin, thu dik a ṭan ṭhin. An nihna piah lama mawi leh ṭhaa lan tum hringfate’n tûk tina an inenna ṭhin dârthlalang chu han ṭawng chhuak ve thei hlauh se, engtin tak hringnun hi sawi ang maw? Hun liam tawh hnu thup bo tuma mawina inbel tum hringfate chanchin chu engtin tak sawi ang maw, tiin Zirsangzela Hnamte khan hla mawi tak, awih lâi dârmawi tia chawiin ‘Dârthlalang’ tih a phuah chhuak a nih kha.

Kan nihna dik tak, keimahni ngeiin kan inhmuh theih nan dârthlalanga kan inen a ngai a. Kan hmaiah belmang a kai em, kan powder hnawihte chu a paw rual em, kan sam invuak thleh dante a dik em, tihte hre turin kan inen a ngai ṭhin. Ni, kan nihna dik tak min puansak theitu dârthlalang hi kan mamawh a; kan nun dan te, kan khawtlang inrelbawlna te leh kan ram rorelna te endik nan he dârthlalanga inen hi kan mamawh. Dârthlalangah han inen ila, vawiinah hian hringfate hmel tibâltu leh mihring nihna min hlohtirtu hi eng nge tih hi kan chhui dawn ngai chu a ni.

Hnam leh sakhua

Hringfate hian inpumkhatna, remna leh inunauna chungchang kan sawi fo ṭhin. Mahse, history kan en chuan ramri, sakhua leh hnam puanzarin min ṭhen darh tih a lang si. Nationalism leh sakhuana hi filawr tak leh uchuak taka kalpui a nih chuan khawvel hi hun thim takah hruai luh a ni fo mai. Juda scientist ropui Albert Einstein khan, “Nationalism hi mihringte natna hrik a ni,” a ti a. Hnam hmangaihna chu natna ang mai a ni a, hringfate zingah darhin, hnam dangte chu a hmelma en fo ṭhin. Chutiang bawkin sakhaw chanchin ziaktu Karen Armstrong-i pawhin sakhua chu politics nen zâi khata a luan tawh chuan tharum thawh pawisak lohna hringin, sakhuana avanga indona tual zawla chetla ṭhinte chuan an ram leh an dikna chanvo suala bei ni ber tawh loin, Pathian tân an bei tih an rin avangin indona leh inpâwng thahna chu thil dik lohah pawh an ngai tawh lo, tiin a sawi.

Israel leh Palestine ram buainaah pawh hian hnam hmangaih uchuakna (extreme nationalism) leh sakhuanain kan mit a tihdel theihzia a lang. Kum 1897-a Zionism ideology kalpui a, hnam hmangaih uchuakna (extreme nationalism) hmachhuantu Judate khan an duh Palestine ram an neih theihna turin firfiak taka chein, Palestinian-te kha an rûm ṭhaih a. Sawrkar lian zawk puihna nen Palestine ram an hnehchhuhna turin an che a nih kha. Vawiin thlenga an buaina pawh he ideology vang hi a ni. Juda-te chauh vulh len duhna avanga lo awm – Palestinian-te hmelma ena an en tlatna leh râwngrâ taka an chetna lungphum he political ideology hlauhawm tak hi a bul chu hnam hmangaih uchuakna (extreme nationalism) a ni.

Crusade (kum zabi 11-na–13-na) kha hawi kir ila; Christian nationalism leh sakhuana kal kawp khan Europe ram indonate chu ‘indona thianghlim’-ah a chantir a. Pathian hming chhalin Muslim-te nen an inthat hmiah hmiah a nih kha. Mihring ve tho an nihna theihnghilhin, rinna chu râlthuam a lo ni ta. India Partition (1947) kha hawi kir leh ta bawk ila; sakhua leh hnam hmangaihna kal kawp chuan history-a forced migration lian ber zinga mi a thlen a nih kha. Kum zabi tam tak chhung lo khawsa tawh Hindu, Muslim leh Sikh-ho chu an inṭhen a lo ngai ta. Mi maktaduai tam tak an insawn a, mi tam takin an nunna hlu tak an chân a nih kha. Bosnia indonaah khan Serbia nationalism leh sakhuana kal kawpin hnam inthliarna a thlen a, Muslim Bosniak-te chu beihpui thlakin thah an ni. He indona hian hnam hmangaihna leh sakhuanain zan khat thil thua ṭhenawmte ngei pawh sakhaw hran leh hnam dang an nih avang maia hmelma ena en nghal theih a nihzia a tilang chiang hle a ni.

Dehumanization: Mihring nihna thai bona chu

A chunga kan târ lan aṭanga zawhna awm thei chu, “Mihringte hi heti tak hian engtin nge nunna an inlaksak a, nunau, naupang pawh sawi loa an chêt râwngra theih em em le?” tih hi a ni. He zawhna hi kan rilruah a luh miah lo a, mak tihna leh pawi tihna nei miah loha chhiar liam thei kan lo nih hlauh chuan mihring nih tlin lo, mit pakhat chiaha khawvel hmuh tum kan ni tihna a ni mai thei. Hnam hmangaih uchuakna (extreme nationalism) leh sakhuana tuinu bet butin min bual ât tawh chuan kan hmangaih kan hnam huang ni ve lo hnam dang leh sakhaw dang zuitute chu keini anga mihring ve tho an nih hmu thei tawh loin, ‘ringlo mi,’ ‘firfiak,’ a nih loh leh ‘hnam hmêlma’ tia vuah an ni ta ṭhin a. Hei hian inthahna leh inpâwngnêkna a tiawlsam ṭhin.

Mihring nihna thai bo (dehumani-zation) hi tharum thawhna hmahruaitu a ni fo mai. Hannah Arendt-i lehkhabu ziah, 'The Origins of Totalitarianism' (1951)-ah khan kan mihringpuite ngei pawh mihring anga ngai lo a, pâwl ang emaw, hnam leh sakhua ang emaw chauha kan hmuh chuan an mihring nihna kan zah tawh lo a, tichuan, anmahni neksâwrna chu thil pangngai leh pawi tih lohna a awm tawh ṭhin, a ti. Kan mihringpui anga kan en tawh loh chuan thosi ben hlum hmiah hmiah chu a har tawh lo tawp ang. History kan en let pawhin a chiang awm e.

Nazi hun lai khan sawrkarin propaganda thehdarhin, Juda mite chu mihring an ni pha ve lo, mihring nihna (humanity) an nei lo a, khawtlang tana hlauhawm tak an ni tih sawiin, hun rei tak aṭangin he ngaihdan hi mipuiah chi angin an tuh a. Juda-te chu pâwn lam mi, German hnamte anga dikna leh zahawmna phu lo an ni tih chu an intuh ber a ni. Mihring anga an hmuh tawh miau loh chuan tharum thawhna leh Holocaust thleng chu thil awlsam tak a ni tawh ang. Rwanda-ah (1994) an ram hruaitute leh media-te chuan Tutsi hnam tlem zawkte chu an mihringpuite tâna hlauhawm, tiin mipui an zirtir a, ram mipuite chuan Tutsi hnamte chu an hmu mihring ta lo. Tutsi mipui thah chu an dam khawchhuahna atan a ṭul niin an ring ṭan ta a nih kha.

Tuna Israel–Palestine buainaah pawh Palestinian-te mihring an nihna thai bo a nih theihna turin hmân aṭangin a inmung tawh a. Juda-te’n Palestinian-te chu ram an luahna tura hnam firfiak leh an hnam dam khawchhuahna tura hnam hnawksak an ni, tiin thu an theh darh. Juda-te’n hnam hmelma anga an chhuah hlawm tawp avangin mihringpui anga en chu thil theih a ni tawh lo. Hei hian civil mite hrehawm tawrhna pawh mêna thlak mai a tiawlsam a. Naupang hlau thlabar ṭap vawn vawn pawh mit an chhinsan theihna chu an mihringpui an nih anga en loin, ‘lehlam pawl’ anga an hmuh tlat vang a ni. He dehumanization hian thiltihtheihna a nei a, mihring zawng zawng hian zahawmna, dikna chanvo leh nun ve an phu tih ngaihdan chu tichhiain, an mihringpuite mihring nih tlin lo, heti anga suat leh bomb hmiah hmiah hi an phu reng a ni, tia mi sual leh tawrawt anga chhuah tumtute hi mihring nihna (humanity) hloh hmasa zawk chu an ni.

Awih lâi Dârmawi, hmuhtira fiahtu

Indian miril Amartya Sen chuan a lehkhabu ‘Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny’-ah khan mi tin hian identity hrang hrang kan nei tih a sawifiah a. Keini anga mihring lei hmuam, mi dang daih pawh kha tute emaw nu leh pa a ni thei a, tute emaw fa duat lai pawh a ni thei, zirtirtu emaw, ringtu emaw pawh a ni thei. Tin, nang leh kei ang thoa rimawi ngainatu, a nih loh leh infiamna ngaina tak pawh a ni ve thei. Mahse, Amartya Sen sawi angina, heti ang keini anga mihring lei hmuam ni ve tho mah se, heng identity hrang hrang hi hmuh kân vekin identity pakhat (hnam leh sakhua) chauh hmangin kan mihringpuite kan va hmuh tawh chuan inzawmna thûk a awm thei ngai lo. Entir nan, keini ang tho mihring lei hmuam Silchar-a mi kha keini ang thoa identity hrang hrang nei a nih laiin, a vai nihna emaw, a Hindu nihna chauh emaw kan va hmuh len tawh chuan a nun pêng dang zawng zawng – a ngilneihna, nang leh kei ang thoa thiamna eng emaw nei ve a nihna te, dream nei ve, nih tum nei ve a nihnate leh mihring a nihnate chu hmuh kân a ni ṭhin. Hei vang hian ram hruaitute leh extremist-te tân khawtlangah inṭhen darhna leh inhuatna thehdarh a awlsam phah thu kan hmu bawk.

Kan unau Mizorama rawn râltlante leh US rama midumte dinhmun pawh han khaikhin ila, an inang khawp asin. Kum 1865 hnua midum salte US ramah midum salte tan zalênna dar vuak rik a nih hnuah pawh chi inthliarna (racism) a nasa tho a ni tih leh, midumte’n dikna chanvo an hmu chuang lo a ni tihte kan hre ṭhup ang. Mingo nihna dah chungnungtu pawl Ku Klux Klan (KKK) phei kha chu an che râwng thei khawp a! Midumte hi an zavaiin mi sual leh tawrawt, mingo hmeichhiate tana hlauhawm an ni tiin dan e, dan lo e pawh sawi loa tihhlum chu thil tihmakmawh a ni an ti tawp ṭhin a nih kha.

Tin, kum 1980 leh 1990 chhoah khan US sawrkarin ‘War on Drugs’ a ṭan a. Chutah chuan mingote pawh ruihhoah inhnamhnawih ve tho mah se, midumte khan man leh lung ina tântir an tawh tam zawk thu a târ lang. A chhan chu ruihloa inhnamhnawih rau rauah midumte khan chhantu leh an aia dinsaktu an tlachham bik a, an dikna pawh hai lan tum loin, a enga mah hmain thiam loh an chantir ngawt ṭhin vang a ni ber.

Midum pahnih khat emawin thil lo tisual se, a tisualtute kha dan anga hrem mai loin, ‘Midum ho tak hi chu aw! An ramah haw vek rawh se,’ tiin a fel leh dinhmun hniam tak takte pawh an hmuh kân vek ṭhin. Heti angah hi chuan rorelna dik duh tak tak vang ni loin, a hnam ang leh a pawl anga huatna a tel tawh tih a chiang a, rorelna dik tak a ni han tih rual a ni lo. Mingoho khan ‘mihring’ an nihna angin midumte kha an en lo a, sakawlh hmuhin an hmu a ni ber.

Chuti ang deuh chuan râltlante hi pawisak pawh nei lo mihringah chhuah an ni ti tih mai hi a zia lo tak zet. Mizoram Police-in kum 2023 September thla aṭanga kum 2024 December thla inkara Mizoram chhunga dan bawhchhia a man ho a târ lannaah khan dan bawhchhetu 83% lai chu Mizorama chengte an ni a, dan bawhchhetu 4% chu Myanmar râltlan an ni a, dan bawhchhetu 1.37% chu Manipur râltlante an ni. Heti a ni chung hian râltlante chu dan bawhchhiatna tipungtu leh khawpui tirâl kheltua puh an ni lawi a. An thil tihsual chhunah ‘râltlan’ anga puh fai vekin, US rama midum ho ang mai khan zavai pâwng dem (generalised) an hlawh a ni.

Zirsangzela'n, “Thu dik ṭantu, huaisenna thuam famkim sinin, roreltu dik i lo ni e,” a tih dârthlalang hmaah hian hringfate hi han inen ila, engin nge hringfate hmel tibâltu, boruak hau khat ring ṭheuh ṭheuh hi eng vangin nge kan inrem theih loh a, kan innauna tichhia a, indo kan tin tak uai uai mai le?

Han inen chiah ang hmiang. Mahni hnam bil ringawt kan hmangaih leh sakhuana hmanga ramri kan kham vang a ni tih kan hmu thei em? Mihring kan nihna ni loin, Amartya Sen sawi anga identity hrang hrang nei ve tho kan mihringpuite kha an hnam leh sakhua chauhin kan va hmu ta ṭhin a, kan hnampui leh sakhua vawn ang vuan ve lo an nih chuan, ‘Khawi lam hriat loh chhingkual tûr pai nge’ tih ang hrimin kan en nghal ngawt ṭhin a nih hi! Hei hian kan khawvel chu tirâlkhelin, hun thimah a hruai lut a, pawisawi lo hringfate nun tam tak a chhiat phah ṭhin.

Chuvangin, hnam hmangaih bik uchuakna ata hi kal chhuak ila, sakhaw inan lohna avanga inhuatna ata hi kal chhuak bawk ila. Hnam leh sakhua ringawta inteha inen tawh loin, mihring kan nih angin inen ila, tute pawh hi mihring tling an ni a, nang leh kei anga dikna chanvo leh zalênna duhtu an ni tihte hi he dârthlalang, awih lâi dârmawi hian min hmuhtirin, mihring nihna (humanity) pawimawhzia hi rimawi angin ngaihnawm i ti thar leh teh ang u khai.

"Mahse nang chu danglam ngai lo,

Thudik ṭantu i ni si a;

Khawvel mawina inbumna thil mai maite hian,

Chatuan an tling zo dawn si lo, châwi lai dârmawi,

Hmuhtira fiahtu i ni e."

- Zirsangzela Hnamte 

-Davis Hriatpuia