MIZO PASALṬHA HMINGTHANG VANAPA: A THLÂN LEH HRIATRENGNA LUNGPHUN

Vanapa thlan Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kama mi hi zawn chhuah chawp ni lovin, kum 1871 favang ruah varpui sur hun laia thi, an phûmna thlan kha a ni. Liankhama leh a khuate’n duhsak taka an phûmna leh a lung inphun te, a chunga lung phah leh dâwl kha zawn chhuah ngai lovin kan pi leh pute’n an lo inhrilh chhâwn zel kha a ni chho reng a ni.

Pu Kawlchhawna Ralte chuan, “Zawlnghak rama Vanapa thlan zawn chhuah dan,” tih thupui hmanga Vanglaini 26.11.2025 (Wednesday) chhuakah a rawn ziah takah khan hetiang hian kan hmu a. “Hetiang a nih hnu kum 2010 aṭanga Tuiṭhoh kam chu Vanapa thihna, chhungkaw thu inhlan chhawn anga sawi a lo awm thar ta hi a mak hle! Thu dik lo hmanga inhruai kawina a awm a ni ang,” tiin. Heti a lo nih takah chuan, Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlân hi kum 2010 hma daih aṭangin Vanapa thlahte, Hnahlan upate leh khaw chhehvela mite sawi ṭhin dan a ni.

1. Hnahlan khua hian Vanapa thlan Tuiṭhoh lui kama awm reng chu Mizorama mite hnena kan sawi ualau ṭan chu a thih hnu kum 1871 aṭangin kan pu, kan pate’n an sawi reng ṭhin a. Vawiin thleng hian kan la sawi ta zel a ni.

2. Kum 1972-ah Pu C. Ṭhasiama chuan Pu Rokhama, Hnahlan pa hnenah, “Kan pu Vanapa chu in ram Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a awm, hun remchangah kan la rawn en ang,” tiin a chah.

3. Kum 1992 September thla Meichher chanchinbu leh Vanglaini-ah “Vanapa thlan khawiah nge?” tih thupuia hmangin; a chhanna ‘Hnahlan ram’ tih chu Hnahlan Branch YMA hminga chhuah a ni.

4. Kum 1992-ah Vanapa thlan Sub-committee chu Hnahlan Branch YMA-in a din.

5. Kum 1993 January 31-ah Ngopa YMA mi pali Hnahlanah Vanapa thlan en turin an lo kal.

6. Kum 1995 May 11-ah Ngopa YMA aṭangin mi 5-te’n Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlan an en.

7. Kum 2004 October 20-ah Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlan chu Art & Culture Dept. tirhin Pu Lalchuailova, Research Officer, Pu Lalruatfela Investigator leh Dobanglova driver ten Hnahlan YMA-te sawmin an phawrh. Bêl keh them, lei rawng dang lam a dum thilthuin a bual leh lei sen, samzai ṭawih, ruh themte sarangah funin fun 15 lai an hawn thla.

8. Kum 2005 August 30-a Archieve Hall, Babutlanga Vanapa leh Ropuiliani Symposium neih ṭum khan mipui 200 emaw lai hmaah Pu C. Ṭhasiama chu moderator chuan, “An thlahte hi ko ve ila, anni hian engtin nge an lo inhrilh chhawn dan leh an lo hriat dan han sawi teh se,” tiin a ko va. Pu C. Ṭhasiama chuan, “Kan pu Vanapa thlan hi ka pu leh kan pate min lo hrilh ṭhin dan chu vawiin nia sawi ka tum a ni. Chu chuan mi ṭhenkhatte rilru a tina deuh mai thei a, mahse, min lo hrethiam dawn a nia. Kan pu, kan pate ka lo zawh ṭhina min hrilh dan chuan, ‘Vanapa thlan hi Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a awm,’ tiin min lo hrilh ṭhin,” a ti a. “Vanapa’n Vanchiauva a hring a, Vanchiaua’n Hranghleia a hring a, Hranghleia’n Zamura a hring a, Zamura’n Mamtuka a hring a, Mamtuka fapa chu kei C. Ṭhasiama hi ka ni. Vanapa thlah ziding kal zel ka ni,” a ti. Hnahlan khua leh Vanapa thlahte hian kum 2010 hma daiha Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlan hi kan sawiin hma kan lo la tawh ṭhin a ni.

9. Pu C. Ṭhasiama chuan kum 2010 November 11-ah an pu Vanapa thlan Tuiṭhoh lui kama mi chu a tlawh a, a thlan chungah dingin kan pu Vanapa thlan “Kan chhungin kan pawm chu he thlan hi a ni” tiin thu a sawi.

Hnahlan khuaah Pu C. Chawngkunga a lo kal a, 4.8.1977-a “Hnahlan pa ka kawm e i tih kha tu nge?” tiin 15.5.2018-ah INTACH Committee kan neihnaah ka zawt a. Ani chuan, “Pu Keiliana (L) a ni,” tiin min chhang. Kei chuan, “Ani hi Murlen aṭanga Hnahlanah 1958-a lo pem lut a ni a. Hnahlan khaw hlun pawh ni chiah lo,” ka ti a. Vanapa chu a ngaihtuah loh zawng a nih chuan ka hre lo a ti mai thei. Vanapa thlan chungchangah research beia lo kal a nih chuan mi pakhat chauh zawh hi research a tling lo va, chuvang chuan, “Hnahlan upate Ralthanga, Roliana, Saichhama te zawh tur a lawm,” ka ti a; a ngawi ve ta reng mai a.

Pu C Chawngkunga chuan ni 17.08.1977 ah Aiduzawlah Vanapa thlân chungchang a zawt leh a, tumahin an hre lo tiin a zinna chanchinah a ziak. Pu C Chawngkunga chu 6.10.1977-ah Manipur-ah a kal a, Lamka veng chung Bungmualah kalin Vanpa chanchin Pu Thangtuala, kum 105 dam a zawt a. Ani chuan, “Mawirangah Reng sipaite’n an that,” tiin a lo hrilh a, chu chu a thutlukna ni berin a lang. Mahse, Pu Thangtuala hian a hre sual niin a lang. Ngopa valupate leh mi tam tak hriat danin, Mawiranga Vanhnuailiana aiawha kal Mizo pasalṭha Meitei-in an lo tihhlum tak chu Saineka pu, pasalṭha Sunhlupuia a ni tih hi hriat dan tlanglawn ber a ni.

Vanapa thlan Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a awm ngei a ni sawitute sawi:

1. Chalzingi pa Chhingzathanga chuan, “Kei chu Liankhama khuaah ka seilian a. Naupang fel tawh tak ka nih laiin Vanapa hi ka hmu ṭhin a. Diltlang awm lai hian Vanapa chu tar tawh takin a thi ta a. A thlan pawh Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a awm,” a ti.

2. Ralthanga pa Darchhunkunga Chhangte, kum 100 lai dam chuan, “Vanapa hi pasalṭha a ni a, Liankhama khua Diltlangah hian a awm ṭhin. Tuna Tuiṭhoh luikama Vanapa thlan kan tih hi Vanapa thlan chu a ni. Vanapa hi keini pawhin kan hmu pha ve a, mi tlawmngai tak a ni,” a ti. Vanapa thlan hmun hi kan pute Chhunṭhuama, Ralthanga, Roliana, Tawnliana leh Chhunthuana ten an lo sawi chhawng ṭhin.

Khaw danga aṭanga sawitute thusawi:

1. Kaphranga Hmar (Ruantlanga awm tawh) chuan heti hian a sawi, “Ka pu hi 1850 velah a piang a, 1910-ah a thi. Naupang fel tawh tak kan nihin ka pu chuan, Vanapa chu Tuiṭhoh lui kama Muvanlai sih chhakah a thi a, chutah chuan an phum nghal a, a thlan pawh tun thlengin hmuh theih a ni,” a ti. He thu hi Kaphranga chuan Pu K. Rochhunga, VCP kum 9 lai lo ṭang tawh leh a fapa Pu KT Vanlalchhawna leh Ruantlang pahote hnenah a sawi ṭhin. Kaphranga hi kum 93 mi niin 14.4.1993-ah a thi.

2. Pu Pabiala (a hming tak chu Thanghlira Tlau a ni), Liankhama Sailo chu Diltlangah a phei a, Vanapa chu Darzo sih chhak Muvanlai sih kiang Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a thi. Chutah chuan a thlan pawh a awm a. He thu hi Pu Vawma Ralte leh Pu Chalbawnga Tlau, Hauvela Tlau leh Pu Kaphranga te sawi thin dan a ni,” a ti. “He thu hi Kelkang leh Ruantlang upate’n an sawi ṭhin dan a nim” tiin (he thu hi Vanapa thlan chhuitute hnena 2 June 1995-a Ruantlang anmahni ina a sawi a ni).

3. Chalkunga, kum 90 mi, 1994 kuma thi leh Hausiama, kum 80 mi 1994 kuma thi; anni pahnih hi Champhai Kahrawt thlerpui venga awm an ni. Kum 1993-a Hnahlan kohhran upa Changliana Champhaia an inkawmnaah tihian an hrilh a, “Kan naupan lai aṭangin Vanapa hi Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a thi a, a thlan pawh tun thleng hian hmuh theihin a la awm tih hi heng Champhai vela mi sawi dan a ni,” tiin.

Thuziak hlui hmuh aṭangin:

1. Chalkhuma, Dimphai leilet chuan ‘Vanapa Chanchin’ March 15, 1926-a a ziak chu Mizo leh Vai Chanchinbu April 1926 thla chhuak (Bu 4-na)-ah chhuah a ni. “He mi Saithuama ram Diltlang ngeiah hian putar takin a thi ta; a thih lai hi ngaihruatin 1870 vel a ni ang.”

Pu Chalkhuma ziak hi han sawi belh ila. Diltlang Liankhama Sailo lal awm lai chu 1867-1871 vel a ni. Diltlang zawlbuk kângin an khua a kan hnuah, an thlang lawk Khuanglam leh Tuiṭhoh kam Darzosih-ah an inbâwk a, chu chu kum 1871-1873 vel a ni. Thlangtlak hnuah kum 1897-ah Hnahlan-Diltlang ram chu Kaihranga’n a luah leh a, a fapa Saithuama a laltir ta a. Hnahlan lal Saiṭhuama ram chu Murlen, Diltlang (Tuiṭhoh lui kam) Vapar te hi British hun lai leh lal bàn thleng khan Saiṭhuama ram vek a ni.

Heng hun laia Vanapa thihna Saithuama ram Tuiṭhoh lui kam thlan hi kan sawi a nih chuan, Vanapa te lo awm tawhnaa sawi–Hlimen, Aizawl, Darlawng, Lamtual, Saitual, Puilo (Chhawrtui), Vancheng, Awnnu, Tualte, Lungdup, Champhai, Diltlang leh Saiṭhuama ram ngeia a thih thlengin a sawi a. Chu chu Mizo history kan ziah zel dana kan thu lakna ber (copy) ṭhin a ni. Chuti chuan, Vanapa chanchin Mizo history-a kan hriat leh kan ziak primary source chu Mizo leh Vai chanchinbua Pu Chalkhuma ziak deuh chauh hi a ni. Chhak nawr chungchanga Lalsavunga leh Vanhnuailiana chetna pawh Vanapa chanchin Chalkhuma ziaka mi lak chhuah deuh vek a ni. An awmna khua pawh Pu Chalkhuma ziak lo hi kum 1926 hma leh a hnuah Mizo History khawiah mah ziak kan hmu lo. A thu ziak zawng zawng kan history-ah kan copy zel a, kan sawi bawk. Vanapa thihna Saithuama ram Diltlang Tuiṭhoh lui kama mi hi sawi tel ve zel tur a ni. A dang zawng zawngah Vanhnuailiana chhak nawr leh a awm tawhna Tualte vanglai te kan sawi kan sawi a, Vanapa thihna a ziak ngei hi kan sawi leh duh lo a nih chuan, kan history hi rintlak a ni lo ang.

Ngente (Myanmar) Ṭiau lui râla awm, ‘Hmanlaia Pi Hmuaki hla phuah thiam nung chunga an phûmna tia tun thlenga kan sawi thin kha kum 2017-a Ngente khaw souvenir buah–an khaw ramri lui an ziakah chuan–Ṭiau lui hi India leh Burma ramri lui a ni. Chu lui chu Tuiṭhoh luiin a fin a, Tuiṭhoh lui hi Vanapa thihna lui a ni,’ tiin an ziak a. A ziaktu hi Pastor Zirlianthanga a ni. A ziah lai hian Pachilek khua Saiam leh Thailand inrina lai vela a thawh lai a ni. A chanchin hretu Pu Hrangluaia Ngente khaw chhuak, Aizawl Zemabawka awm mek chu 13 September 2025 (Inrinniah) kan kâwm a. Ani chuan, “Kum 1895 velah kan pu te chu Diltlang Pahnemapa bawkah an awm a, Tuiṭhoh lui hi kan thlang lawk a ni a, Vanapa thihna lui tih hi ka pu Sattuala leh ka pa Lalvaithanga ten he lui an lo hriat dan leh an sawi dan a ni,” a ti. Pu Hrangluaia hi a la dam a, Zemabawkah a awm a, amah hi zawh theih a ni. Hmanlai khan Vanapa thihna hi khaw ṭhenawmte’n an lo hriat dan chu Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kam a nih thu chu an sawi chiang hle a, “Mizo tlawmngai Vanapa thihna lui tih chu kan lo hriat dan ber a ni,” a ti.

(Ref: Ngente khua Quasqui & Gospel Centenary Souvenir phek 11 para khatna Rev. Zirlianthanga ziak a ni.)

JC Dailova, Ngopa valupa chuan, kum 2019 November 18-a Hnahlan YMA lehkha thawn a ziak leh 5.12.2019-a Vanapa hriatrengna lung Tuiṭhoh lui kama an phun nia a thusawi la kawpin a tawi thei ang berin han sawi ila:

Kum 1977 vel khan Vanapa phûmna Hnahlana mi chu va phawrha Ngopa lama phûm turin kan sawi hawt lai a ni a. Kum 1977-ah Vanapa tupa Mamtuka, NE Khawdungsei chu Ngopa damdawi in (PHC)-ah damloin a rawn awm lai a ni a. Mamtuka chuan Vanapa thihna hmun, a thih dante–Vanapa thihna hmun chu Tuiṭhoh lui kam a nih thu a sawi a. Chuvangin, kal duh suh u, tunah chuan ramhnuai a ni tawh ang, hmuh mai a harsa ang tiin min hrilh’ a ti. Thu chiang tak pakhat chu, Pu JC Dailova chuan hetih hun lai hian a sawi a, “Pu TD Sena (thirdeng Sena) Aizawl zin a lo haw kan kawm leh ta a, Ngopa chuan Diltlang aṭanga Khuanglam kai thlak hlimte a ni a, Vanapa chu Tuiṭhoh lui kamah a thi a, phum a ni. TD Sena chuan, a thlan zawngin kal duh suh u, a thihna hi tunah chuan ramhnuai pik tak a ni tawh, awlsamtea hmuh chi a ni tawh lo ang,” a ti. TD Sena pa hi Mihranga Hrahsel a ni a, Mihranga nu chu Chawnpuithangi, Chawnpuithangi leh Hranghleia chu unau an ni, anni hi Vanchiaua fate an ni. Vanchiaua chu Vanapa fa kha a ni.

A tawp ber atan chuan 20.10.2004-ah Govt. of Mizoram Art & Culture Dept. chuan sawrkar aiawhin Vanapa thlan mihring phumna leh taksa leh ruh ṭawih ral hnuhma hmuh ang ang finfiah nan an rawn lai a. Mihring phumna ngei a ni tih an hmu a, ruh them, thithuin a bual, lei dum (rawng dang lam) lei sen, sam zai tawih maimawm ril ang, a hnungzâng ruh zawna thil dum sawm thei, a âwm zawn kawrawng, a lu zawn kawrawngte an finfiah a. Chung thil fûn 15 lai chu an hawn thla ta a.

7.6.2022 (Tuesday) hian Art & Culture Directorate -ah Pu Lalchuailova, Deputy Director ka va hmu a. A hnenah chuan, “20 October 2004-a Hnahlan Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlan phawrh kha Vanapa thlan tiin in rawn nemnghet dawna emaw kan lo ti a. Tunah kum 18 lai a liam leh ta a. Engati nge in rawn puan si loh, in laih dawna mihring phûmna ngei a nih chuan kan nemnghet ang in ti si a,” tiin ka zawt a. Ani chuan, “Kan thlan phawrh hnu lawk khan committee pawimawh neiin kan meeting a. Tuiṭhoh kama Vanapa thlan hi mihring phûmna sulhnu ngei evident tling a ni. I puang mai ang u, tiin kan sawi a. Kan zinga mi pahnih chuan, puanna khua a la tlai lo ve. I nghak leh deuh ang u khai, kan committee leh hunah kan puang dawn nia kan ti a. Mahse, puang ta chuang lovin tun hi kan thleng ta a nih hi,” tiin min chhang.

“A nih loh leh, Vanapa thlan phawrh nía a ruh them te, thithuin a bual lei dum leh lei sen, belkeh them ni awm tak, a zâng ruh thlîng zawna sathin rawng ang deuh sen duk phut siah siah thei, a lu zawn kawrawnga sam mawih leh sarâng ang deuha var rang var fun hrang hrang fun sawm panga vel kha engtin nge in tih a. Laboratory-a engtia tih tur nge ni ang,” tiin ka zawt a.

Ani chuan, “Pu Lianhmingthanga, Senior Research Officer kut a ni a, a almirah-ah a awm ang. A nih loh chuan Aizawl DC Office-ah Pu Lianhmingthanga chuan a dah phei mai thei,” a ti a. Kei chuan, “DC office a dah phei a nih chuan DC office chu 17.12.2021 (Zirtawp) dar 3:15 AM-ah a kâng a, a va kâng ral vek awm ve,” ka ti nghal a. Ani chuan, “Pu Lalruatfela, Research Inspector hian a hre theiin ka ring” a ti leh a. Pu Lalruatfela chu 7.6.2022 vek chuan ka tlawh thla nghal a. “Vanapa thlan laiha fossil fûn 15 emaw lai kha a awmna i hria em?” tiin ka zu zawt a. Ani chuan, “Hre tawh lo, Pu Lianhmingthanga almirah-ah nge a awm ang?” tiin min chhang a. Kei chuan, “Lo zawng ula, hei archaeologist Mahuma pawh an awm a, tih dan in hre tawh ngei ang,” ka tia, ka haw san ta a.

17.6.2022 (Friday) hian Art & Culture Dept. Govt. of Mizoram Directorate-ah ka leng leh a. Pu Lalruatfela hnenah, “7.6.2022-a Vanapa thlan phawrhna fossil kan hmuh ang ang lo zawng tura ka ngenna che u kha engtin nge ni ta?” tiin ka zawt a. Ani chuan, “Pu Lianhmingthanga (RIP) almirah leh ka almirah kan hai a, a awmna awm pawh kan zawng a, kan hmu hauh lo mai,” tiin min hrilh a. He mi ni hian an office tifaiin hnatlang an lo nei a, varandah velah bel chhuangin sa an lo chhûmin ka hria a. A kiangah Pu Lalchuailova pawh a awm a, ani pawhin sawi tur a hre lem lo a ni ang, engmah a sawi lem lo.

Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kama Vanapa thlan phawrhtute hian an thlan phawrh hi rinhlehna nei loin thu dik chu an finfiah a. Mahse hotute lam hian an phûrpui lo niin a lang, hotu nei an ni a, anni hi chu han dem ngawt theih loh niin a lang.

A tawp berah chuan history-a thu dik an pawm ṭhin dan hmangin -

1. Oral tradition–An pi leh pute aṭanga an lo inhrilh thin dan leh sawi dan aṭangin.

2. Thuziak lo awm tawhte:

i) Chalkhuma Mizo leh Vai Chanchinbu April 26, 1926 thla chhuak aṭangin.

ii) Sapchhunga ziak MEICHHER July 1993 phek 14-na aṭangin.

iii) Mizo history ziak hrang hrang kan hmuh aṭangin.

3. 30.08.2005-ah Vanapa thlah kal zel Pu C. Ṭhasiama’n an pu Vanapa chu Tuiṭhoh kama thlan hi kan pu thlan a ni. Art & Culture Symposium neih niah a sawi, “Kan thlahtute atanga kan thu ro inhlan chhawn a ni,” a ti.

4. 20 October 2004-ah Pu Lalchuailova hova Vanapa thlan Tuiṭhoh lui kama mi phawrh khan fossil ruh them leh a dangte phawrh a ni.

5. Vanapa thlahte hian 5.12.2019-ah an pu, an pate’n Vanapa thlan Tuiṭhoh lui kama a thlan kiangah a hriatrengna lung an phun, lung phuntute hming pakua lai ziak a ni.

Hetianga chiang hian document leh evident tling, thil hlui chuinaah a awm thei awm lo ve.

Hetianga history ziak hlui, thlahtute aṭanga an lo inhrilh chhawn hi a rinhlelhawm lo. Kan hriat tawh angin Vanapa’n Vanchiaua a hring a, Vanchiaua’n Hranghleia leh Chawnpuithangi a hring. Hranghleia lungphun hi Khawdungseiah a awm a, Hranghleia chu kum 1844-ah a piang a, a pian lai hian Vanhnuailiana chhak nawr laia Saituala ṭhut lai kha a ni. Lo chho zelin Liankhama Diltlanga a awm lai 1871-ah Vanapa chu a thi a, he mi kum hian Hranghleia chu kum 27 mi a ni. A farnu Chawnpuithangi pawh nula chu a ni tawh ngei ang. Anni hian Vanapa chu Diltlang awm lai khaw thar kai hlim Darzosih leh Khuanglama velah, an pu Vanapa thih hi an mit ngeiin an hmu a. Tichuan, Zumura te unau an lo hrilh a, Zumura chuan a fapa Mamtuka a hrilh a, Mamtuka chuan C. Ṭhasiama te an hrilh chhawng leh a. Chutianga an inrochun chhawn avang chuanDecember 5, 2019 khan Hanhlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kamah an pu Vanapa thlan kiang ngeiah, tunlai miten an hriatreng nan, granite lung ft 5 laia sangin an phun ta a ni.

Kan pu/kan pate thlan chu an thlahte hian kan ngaihsakin kan hre ber ṭhin. An thlahte’n Vanapa hriatrengna lung an phun tawh pawha mi dangin hmun dang an la sawi lui a, chanchinbuah leh social media lama kan la ṭial fo mai hi chu, Vanapa thlah, a lung phuntute kan zah lo va, Vanapa pawh kan pawisalo tihna a ni. Mi pangngai chuan an ti ngai lo ang. Tin, mi pawhin an awih lo ang, sual vang a nih loh pawhin mâwl vang tal a ni ang. A thlahte tan chuan han lawm vak chi niin a lang lo.

History hrang hrang leh Vanapa tuchhuante thu inhlan chhawn aṭangin Vanapa thlan chu Hnahlan ram Tuiṭhoh lui kama mi ngei hi a ni tih a lang chiang a ni.

- C. Lalaudinga