BANGLADESH POLITICS BUAINA
Bangladesh tualchhung politics inlumleh dan hian a ṭha zawng emaw, a ṭha lo zawng pawn India-ah nghawng a nei thuai ṭhin a. Political party inhal pahnih Awami League leh Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) te thlen chin chuan ram pahnih inlaichinna kal zel dan tur thui tak a hril ṭhin. Sheikh Hasina kaihhruai Awami League sawrkar paihthlak a nih aṭang khan ram pahnihte inkar boruakin hniam lam a pan zel a; a chhan tam tak awm thei zinga langsar zualte chu sawi kan tum dawn a ni.
Mipuiin an vote hlu tak hmanga an thlan tlin sawrkar hruaitute’n a thlang tlingtute duh leh beisei ang rorelna ṭha an pe thei lo va, mimal zalenna nasa tak a nek chêpin a awm a. Mipui lungawi lo chuan kawtthlerah sawrkar duh lohna an au chhuahpui ta a ni. Bangladesh hi Bay of Bengal tuipui depa awm, lawngchawlna hmun pawimawh tak awmna a nih vangin ram tam takin hman ṭangkai theih dan an zawng a; chung zingah chuan USA, China, India leh Pakistan pawh an tel a ni. Sakhaw bil inkaihhruaina (religious fundamentalism) nena kaih kawp sawrkar inrelbawlna din tuma hma la pawl an awm avangin ṭhalaite zingah identity politics kalpui duhnain bu a khuar thuk sâwt em em a ni. Pawimawh dang leh chu South Asia khawmualpui geopolitics (ram hrang hrangte inkungkaihna) danglam chho zel hian Bangladesh tualchhung buaina nen inzawmna a nei ve bawk.
BANGLADESH BUAINAAH RAMDANG AN TEL EM?
Bangladesh tualchhung politics buainaah hian ram dang inhnamhnawih an awm tih a chiang a, chung zinga langsar zualte han sawi ta ila.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
US leh Bangladesh chu kum 2000 chho aṭang khan firfiaka chetna (terrorism) do kawnga hmalakna leh sawrkar inrelbawlna kalpui danah an thu a inhmu lo ṭan a. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sawrkar duhkhawp loh avanga sawisel nasa ber pawh US a ni. Opposition party hruaitute mana jail tantir leh mimal dikna (human rights) palzut zawnga sawrkar chet lakna chu a ngaimawh em em a. America chuan hetiang thil dik loa inhnamhnawih Rapid Action Batallion (RAB) hotute lakah kum 2021 khan hrêkna (sanction) a kalpui a nih kha. Mi tam tak chuan US-in hrekna a kalpui khan sawrkar paihthla tura tharum thawhna kawngah opposition-te a tihhuangtau phahah an ngai a ni.
Sawrkar lailawk hotu ber atan Mohammad Younus ruat a nih tak hnua sawrkar inrelbawl dan tur thurawn petu ber chu America a ni a. Ram pahnihte’n June 2025 khan inremna thuthlung ‘Non-Disclosure Agreement’ (NDA) chu an ziak zui a. He inremna chhungah hian Bangladesh-in China bungraw châwk luh a tihtlem dan tur leh US aṭang ralthuam leh ni tin mamawh bungraw lak luh a tihpun dan tur a inziak a ni. Ram pahnihte hmalak dan en hian hun lo la awm zel turah pawh US chuan Bangladesh a la châm chilh chhunzawm a rinawm.
CHINA
Sumdawnna lawng tam takin Bay of Bengal an paltlang a ngai a, he tuipui chung sq.km. 2,07,000 hmun pawimawh bik Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ 200nm) awmna chu Bangladesh sawrkar thuneihna huam chhunga awm a ni. Chuvangin China tan chuan zalen taka sumdawnna lawngte tuipui chunga an chet theih nan Bangladesh nen inlaichinna ṭha siam a pawimawh em em. Tin, China chhim lam tan lawngchawlhna hmun pawimawh, an mamawh châwk luhna hmunpui ni thei tur a lo ni leh zel a. Chu chu hmu thiamin China sawrkar chuan kum eng emaw zah kal ta aṭang khan Bangladesh nen thawhhona ṭha tak siam tumin hma a la a. Bangladesh-in khawvel ram hrang hrang sumdawnna a neihpui zinga lian ber chu China a ni. Kum 2016 khan China ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ project chu zawmin, hemi hnuaiah inkalpawhna kalkawng (road) 12, lei (bridge) 21 leh kawlphetha siam chhuahna (hydro-power project) 27 siam a ni tawh bawk.
India Parliamentary Standing Committee on External Affairs-in an zirchiannaah chuan, Bangladesh buainaah China a inrawlh tih an tarlang. China-in hmasawnna hrang hrang a thawh leh loan awlsam tak a puktir ṭhin avangin Bangladesh chuan China a bêl hnai tleh telh a ni. Kum 1971 aṭang tun thleng hian China chuan vaiblechhe 67,404.9 a puktir tawh. Mohammad Younus khan sawrkar aiawh anga ram dang a zinna hmasa ber chu China a ni a, March 28, 2025 khan Chinese President Xi Jinping hmuin, ram pahnihte hmasawnna, sumdawnna, leh energy lama thawh dun theihna tur a sawipui a. China chuan Bangladesh ram chhunga hmasawnna kalpui nan leh mamawhna apianga hman atan vaibelchhe 18,874.7265 pek a lo tiam nghal bawk. September 2024 khan Bangladesh-a China ambassador, Yao Wen chuan Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) hruaitute nen thawhho zel dan tur an sawipui a. An ram politics buaina remchangah lain China chuan Bangladesh chu a lamṭanga siam tumin theihtawp a chhuah mek a ni.
INDIA
East Pakistan-in 1971-a zalenna a sual laia India puihna a dawn aṭang khan ṭhianah an insiam ṭan a. Mujibur Rahman kaihruaina hnuaiah ṭhian ṭha tak ni mah se, Gen. Ziaur Rahman-in kum 1975-a sawrkarna a lak khan India aiah China leh Soudi Arabia te ṭhiana siam tumin hma a la a. Ram pahnihte hian thawhhona thuthlung pawimawh tak tak Farakka Treaty, Ganga Water Treaty leh Peace Treaty on Chittagong Hill Tracts te an sign tawh.
India leh Bangladesh inlaichinnaa hun chhinchhiah tlak ber pakat chu kum 2009-a Sheikh Hasina party kaihruai Awami League-in sawrkarna an siam kha a ni. Kum 2010 January-a Hasina leh Prime Minister Manmohan Singh ten sumdawnna leh venhimna lama thawh dunna tur inremna an ziah khan ramri chungchanga inremna pawh a thuphunga sawi a ni a, kum 2015 khan chinfel chhunzawm a ni. Kum 2014 aṭanga Prime Minister Narendra Modi kaihruai NDA 2.0 ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’ chuan Bangladesh leh India inṭhian ṭhatna chu dah pawimawh hmasak berte zingah a nei nghal a. Tin, kum 2014, 2018 leh 2024-a Awami League sawrkar nawn lehnaah India puihna a tel niin mi thiamte chuan an sawi bawk.
India-in Sheikh Hasina sahimna a pek avangin ram pahnih inkar a khi ṭan a. May 2, 2025 khan Mohammad Younus chuan India-in Pakistan a kah chuan Northeast an rûn ang tiin a lo sawi zeuh tawh a. Chumi hnuah Osman Hadi khan X-ah map pho chhuakin, Northeast state-te chu Bangladesh-ah a rin lut a. Heng thil thlengte hian ram pahnih inkar ṭha lo sa tawh chu a tikau lehzual a ni.
Tun hnaia ram ramri khar a lo ngai ta hian ram pahnihte insumdawn tawnna a nghawng a, passenger phur motor tlan tihtawp chuan mipuite, a bikin dam lohna avanga India rawn panpui ngaite tan harsatna a thlen nasa hle a ni. Osman Hadi, zirlai hruaitu silaia kah hlum a nih hnu khan Bangladesh sawrkar chuan India sawrkar hmalaknaah a puh a; Bangladesh-a lungawi lohna lantirnaa pungkhawmte chuan Hindu sakhaw vuan Dipu Chandra Das chu sawisain an hâl zui ta a. Buaina chuan sawrkar pahnih inkar mai ni lo, mipui leh sakhuana thleng a kâng kai chho ta a ni.
PAKISTAN
Mohammad Younus chuan Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif vawi hnih lai a hmu tawh a, hun rei tak Pakistan laka visa khapna an kalpui tawh chu sûtin, inkalpawhna tichangtlung zual turin ram pahnih inkarah thlawhna service dan tur an sawi dun a. Ram pahnihte insumdawn tawnna pawn nasa takin hma a sawn a, tun hnaiah 27%-in a ṭhang a ni. January 2025 khan Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) sign in, ram pahnih sipai hotute pawn venhimna lama thawh dun dan tur leh joint military exercise neih dan turte an sawi ho a. Bangladesh chuan a ralthuam tihchangtlun nan Pakistan leh China siam JF-17 Thunder fighter lei tumin hma a la mek a ni.
Pakistan chuan 1971 hnu khan tha thlah lovin Bangladesh neih let tumin hma a la chhunzawm reng a. Sawrkar paihthlaknaa bul tumtu zinga mi Jamaat-e-Islami chu Pakistan ISI funding hmanga inenkawl an ni a. Anni bakah sawrkar hnathawk zingah te, politician leh sipai officer zingah mi leh sa tam tak an phum ru a. Chung mite chuan Bangladesh sawrkar lailawk leh Pakistan inthlun zawm nan an thawh hlawk em em a ni.
HINDU vs MUSLIM THLIRNA
Pakistan laka zalenna an hmuh khan Sheikh Mujibur Rahman kaihhruai Awami League sawrkar chuan Bengali nationalism, secularism, socialism leh democracy te chu inrelbawlna lungthu pawimawha hmangin ram kaihruai hna an ṭan a. Amaherawhchu, 15 August 1975-ah sawrkar duh lotu sipai hotu intel khawm chuan Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman hona hnuaiah Mujibur Rahman chu a chennaah an kap hlum a, sawrkar ding lai pawh an paithla nghal a ni. Ram inrelbawlna chu sipai sawrkar kutah a awm ta a, September 1, 1978 -ah party thar Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) a rawn piang zui ta a. Ziaur Rehman kaihruai sawrkar chuan Bengali nationalism aiin Bangladeshi nationalism a rawn chawi sang zawk a. An ram Constitution-a secularism indah chu ‘Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Rahim’ tiin a thlak a, a awm zia chu, ‘Engkim ti thei Allah chauha rinna nghah’ tihna a ni. India aiah Saudi Arabia leh China nen inlaichinna siam tumin hma a la bawk.
Right-wing conservative party ṭhenkhat sawrkar hmasain dan pawna a lo hnawl tawhte chu seng lut lehin, chung zinga tel ve Jamaat-e-Islami party rawn intuai thar leh nan hun remchang a siamsak ta a ni. Middle East-a Islamic ramte nen inlaichinna siam turin theihtawpin hma a la chhunzawm bawk a. BNP leh JI chuan Islamic zirtirna chu zirna inah te, media leh khawtlang inrelbawlnaah a tam thei ang ber dah turin hma an lak chhunzawm ta a ni.
Rei lo teah Bangladesh chu Muslim firfiak pawl hrang hrangin awm hmun khuar nan leh sahimna zawn nan an hmang a. Ram chhung hmun hrang hrangah firfiak a chetna a thleng a, chung zinga langsar ber pakhat chu kum 2005-a Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen-Bangladesh (JMB) ten hmun 300-a bomb 500 chuang an tihpuah kha a ni. Hetiang thil thleng duhawm lo hian an Constitution-ah secularism an mamawhzia a hriat chhuahtir a; kum 2009-a Sheikh Hasina kaihruai Awami League an rawn sawkar leh aṭang khan secularism chuan ram danpuiah hmun pawimawh a rawn luah thei leh ta a ni.
Sawi tawh angin JI hi ram eng emaw zah chuan firfiak pawl terrorist-ah an puang a. Tun Bangladesh buainaah pawh India sawrkar duh lohna leh ngaihtheih lohna (anti-Indian slogan) rawn au chhauhpui nasa bertu an ni. Mipui nawlpuiin zirna leh hriselna lamah India an chhawr ṭangkai em em lain, JI leh ISI te chuan India huattir tumin hma an la a. Tun dinhmuna mipui rilru lak pên an tum dan chu February election lo awm turah India inrawlh a tum tiin an au chhuahpui mek a. Zirna inah pawh huang zauh zelin Bangladesh rama university student election neih zawh takah khan JeI thlawpte’n hnehna an chang deuh vek a ni. India leh Bangladesh Ganga Water Sharing Treaty kum 2026-a tawp tur inbiakna kalpui mek a ni lai rengin October 19, 2025 khan Chittagong University-ah zirlaite pun khawmtirin, ‘China Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project’ tihpuitlin an ngiattir bawk.
INDIA-IN ENG NGE A TIHSUAL
Bangladesh buaina kaihnawih aṭanga India sawrkarin a ngaituah kim loh nia lang chu, party pakhat (Awami League) ṭhiana siam kha ram pahnih inlainchinna siamtuah a tawk turah an lo ngai kha a ni. Awami Leagur sawrkar paihthlak a nih khan India tan chuan Bangladesh nena kan inṭhian ṭhatna zawng zawng vawi leh khatah nawh reh ang maiin a zo deuh der a ni ber a. Bul ṭan ṭha leh tur chuan a zung chawpa chhui let leh ngai ang.
India hruaitute khan Bangladesh mipui lungawi lohna aw râwl an hai der rei mah mah niin a lang. Mipui thinur kawtthlera an punkhawm meuh chuan buaina khap daih lam aiin, a invenna lam buaipui a ngai ta zawk a. India chuan kum 1971-a Bangladesh a chhanchhuah kha inlaichinna phuar nghet theituah a la ngai a, mahse, ṭhangṭhar tam tak zingah India chu an ram awp beh tumtu nia ngai an awm a, chu chuan India duh lohna rilru a neihtir ta ni. Ram hmangaihna (nationalism) rilru pu ṭhin chu sahkhuana nena kaih kawp politics (fundamentalism)-in a rawn thlak a; Hindu leh Muslim sakhua indona ang lek lekin he buaina a kal phah ta a ni.
An ram politics buaina chuan Bangladesh chu a hma zawnga an ṭhian ni ngai reng reng lote tan pawh lamṭanga siam theihna hun remchang a hawnsak ta a; chung zingah chuan India hmelhma hlun Pakistan leh China pawh an tel. Tun hma zawnga India sawngawi zawnpui ṭhin kha, tha thar thawha inlaichinna siam tur a hma lak a ngaih phah ta a ni.
INDIA TAN BEISEINA A LA AWM
Ram pahnihte inkar khi zau zelin lang mah se, India tan beiseina kawng a la inhawng a, chu chu BNP Chairman ni mek Tarique Rahman, Bangladesh-a a let hi a ni. Bangladesh-in February-a inthlan an neih hun a chuh thei party langsar zualte chu–BNP, Jamaat-e-Islami leh National Citizen Party (NCP) an ni a. An zingah India tana thlanawm ber chu BNP a ni. A chhan chu, JI hi Pakistan ISI leh Islamist firfiak (terrorist) thawhpui an ni a, NCP hi India duh loh em emtu an ni.
Heng hi India pawhin a hmuh hmaih bik lo va, BNP hruaitute nen thawhho dan an ngaihtuah mek a. December thla tir khan Prime Minister Modi chuan dam lohna in rei tak a tlakbuak tawh Khaleda Zia chu India rama inenkawl a duh phawt chuan theihtawpa lo buaipui a inhuam thu a hrilh. India inhuamna chuan BNP hruaitute rilru pawh a hneh em em a ni. Tarique Rahman hian Younus sawrkar chu vawi tam a lo sawisel tawh a, JI party nen pawh an policy a inpersan em avangin thawhpui a duh loh thu a sawi tawh bawk. Tin, Bangladesh election lo awm tura party candidate nei thei zingah BNP chu sawkarna siam thei tura rinkai ber an ni mek a, chuvangin ram pahnihte inkar hi February inthlan result-in thui tak a hril dawn a ni.
TLANGKAWMNA
India tan Bangladesh nen kan buaina a rang lama chingfel tuma hmalak a pawimawh a. Kan ṭhenawm ramte hi an pawimawh em em a, insumdawn tawnna leh venhimna (security) lama kan thawhpui pawimawh an ni. Chu chu Mohammad Younus pawn a hre chiang a, BBC Bangla-in an interview-naah India chu hun rei tawh tak ata ṭhian ṭha a nih thu leh tunah pawh Bangladesh tan ṭhian ṭha tak a la nih thu a sawi a. Tuna ram pahnihte harsatna hmachawn mek su kiang tur chuan ram hruaitute’n an thusawite a taka an bawhzui a ngai a ni.
Bangladesh chuan khawi ram pawh ṭhianah a siam thei a, ram zalen (sovereign nation) a ni tlat a. Amaherawhchu, Pakistan leh China emaw, ram dang avanga India a thlauhthla dawn a nih chuan ngun taka a ngaituah hmasak a ngai ang. Foreign policy hi thil danglam reng, pangngai reng thei a ni bik lo a, ramin a mamawh dan azirin tihdanglam a, siam ṭhat a, thlakthleng a ni ṭhin. Chuvangin, India leh Bangladesh inṭhian ṭhatna pawh hian hniam lam pan angin lang rih mah se, ram hruaitute’n a fuh tawk lo lai siam remin, thawhhona ṭha tak a awm leh thei ngei ang.
- Dr. Lalmuana Guite, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, ICFAI University, Aizawl. Mizoram