PREFIX AṬANGA 'TI' HI BÀN A NGAIHNA CHHAN

Grammar leh linguistics (morphology) aṭanga Mizo ṭawng kan lo la bih chian hmâ khán kan mi hmasate khân ‘ti’ leh a modified form ‘tih’ te, prefix a behna ‘inti’ leh a modified form ‘intih’ te hi mahnia awmze nei lo leh mal din thei lo (bound morpheme) emaw tiin, a ziah danah thu hma bet (prefix) angin mi an lo chei bàwlpui mai a; prefix ni miah lo prefix anga hman kan tum avangin leh, a chânga verb anga hman kan tum bawk si avangin a ziah danah kan grammar a buarchuar kumkhua ta a! Chuvangin, heng—‘ti, tih, inti, intih’-te hi prefix (bound morpheme) ni lovin, mahnia mal din thei verb thu mal (free morpheme) a nih zawkzia hi kan hriat fiah a hun ta hle.

Prefix a nih loh dan:

Linguistics leh grammar aṭanga ṭawng chungchâng chhui fiahna leh sawi fiahna lehkhabu lâr chin tawhah chuan, “Affix chu mahnia mal din thei lo (bound morpheme) a ni a, main verb-a ni ve thei lo,” tih ang thu hi a chuang kiau kuau hlawm a. “An affix is a bound morpheme that cannot occur as a main verb.” (The Cambridge Handbook of Morphology, p.12; Morphology: A critical Introduction, p.19; Introduction to Linguistics, p.85.) Chutih laiin Mizo ṭawnga kan thu mal ‘ti’ erawh hi chu mahnia mal din thei a ni a, kan sentence-ah main verb a ni tluan parh thei si a; hei vang hian ṭawng lam mi thiamte’n ‘prefix’ (bound morpheme) an tih hi a ni ve lo tih a lang fiah em em ṭhin a ni.

Entirna 1-na:

“Lui kal hi a nuam ka ti,” tia kan sawinaah hian ‘ti’ hi main verb-ah kan hmang a, adverb emaw, modifier dang-in emaw an puihbawm loh pawhin amah hian a mal din thei tih kan hmu.

Entirna 2-na:

“Ka hrilh ang che khán ti rawh,” tia kan sawinaah hian ‘ti’ hi main verb-ah kan hmang leh a. Hetah pawh hian object pronoun ‘rawh’-in a zui pawh hian adverb emaw, modifier dangin emaw an puihbawm ngâi hauh lovin a mal din thei tih kan hmu leh.

Entirna 3-na:

“Liana’n a phone a ti keh,” tia kan sawinaah hian ‘ti’ hi main verb-ah kan hmang leh a. Hetah pawh hian adverb of manner ‘keh’-in a zui hian main verb niin a mal din tih kan hmu leh bawk.

Heng entirna tlêm tê aṭang chauh pawh hian ‘ti’ hi ‘prefix’ (bound morpheme) ni lovin, mahnia awmze nei leh mal din thei ‘verb’ thu mal (free morpheme) a ni zawk tih hi a lang fiah hle a ni.

Prefix leh verb ni kawp a ni lo:

Mahnia awmze nei lo leh mal din thei lo (bound morpheme) anga puhin, ‘prefix’ anga hman luih phêt kan tum ṭhin a; nimahsela, prefix anga kan hman tluan dawnin verb thu mal (free morpheme) a nih zawkzia a lo lang zel mai ṭhin si a, a ziah danah kan buai phah kumkhua ta a. A chânga ‘prefix’ ni thei, a chânga ‘verb’ ni thei angah te puh kual kan han tum ta ṭhin a!

Nimahsela, khawvela grammar leh linguistics lehkhabu lâr pui puiah te chuan, “Prefix chu mahnia awmze nei lo (bound morpheme) a ni a, affix leh verb a ni tawn thei lo,” tih ang thu hi a lo chuang kiau kuau leh bawk a. “A prefix is a bound morpheme that cannot simultaneously function as verb and an affix.” (The Oxford Handbook of Morphology, p.27; Morphology: An Introduction to the Theory of Word Structure, p.58.) Hetiang hi khawvela ṭawng zir chik mi, mi thiam rualte thu vuak thlâk dan chu a nih lâiin, kan thu mal—‘ti’ (leh ‘tih, inti, intih’-te) hi ‘prefix’ leh ‘verb’ ni tawn vel thei anga puh luih kan lo tum bik reng mai hi chu—kan vài rei lua tawh niin lang!

Tlâng kawmna:

Kan literature-a thil pawimawh êm êm, kan hnam ṭawng ti hma sawn tur hian ngaihtuahna kan sèn tak tak a hun tawh a; kan thu mal awmzia leh an nih phung te hi kan zir chian a hun ve tawh. “Ram buai hmâ pawha kan lo pawm tawh dan...” ti khawtlai mai mai reng lovin, a dik lo lâi leh fel hlel lâi te kan thawm ṭhata, Mizo ṭawng grammar-in hmâ a sawnna tur zâwnga ngaihtuahna thar nen chêt kan lâk a hun tak zet ta.

Ṭawng zir chik mi, khawvel huapa ṭawng lama mi thiam rual (linguist) te’n, “Prefix chu mahnia awmze nei lo (bound morpheme) a ni a, main verb-ah a hman theih loh,” an tih te, “Parts of speech thu mal chu free morpheme a ni a, prefix-ah hman a ni ngai lo,” an tih te hi mahni tapchhak zâwl aṭanga lo hnial buai ve reng te hi bansan ila, Mizo ṭawnga ‘ti, tih, inti, intih’-te hi grammar leh linguistics base aṭang hian ‘prefix’ huanga mi a ni ve lo tih leh, ‘verb’ thu mal dik tak a ni zawk tih te hi i hmu fiah ve tawh ang u. Tichuan, a ziah danah pawh buaina tur a awm tawh lo ang a, Mizo ṭawng grammar-a buarchuar lian tak pakhat chu chin fel a lo ni tawh dâwn a ni.

- PC Thang Zikpuia