Republic Day lo awm ṭan dan leh Mizoram tan a pawimawhna

Vawiin hi India Republic Day vawi 77-na a ni a, he ni hi India mipui te tan a pawimawh em em a, a chhan pawh, British awpna nghawngkawl atanga India-in zalenna a neih hnua mipuiten tumah awpna hnuai ni tawh lova, mahnia ram rorelna kan kalpui theihna tura a bul rawn intanna ni a nih vang a ni. Chutiang anih avang chuan, tun tumah hian India rama Republic Day lo awm tan dan leh a pawimawhnate kan ngaihtuah ho dawn a ni.

Republic Day awmzia: ‘Republic’ tih thumal hi a awmzia a awlsam thei ang bera kan sawi dawn chuan, ram roreltu lu ber chu inthlahchhawng lalte (hereditary monarchs) emaw mahni thu thua ram rorelna kalpui thinte (dictators) ang ni lovin, mipuiin ram roreltu lu ber tur an thlan chhuah theihna ram leh an aiawha rorelna kalpuitu turte an thlan chhuah theihna ram tiin a sawifiah theih awm e.

India ram pawh hi zalenna a neih hma kha chuan British awpna hnuaiah a awm a, kum 1858 atang phei chuan British Lal thuneihna (Crown rule) hnuaiah India ram enkawlna chu awm tir a ni a, lal aiawhin Goveror-General-in India ram chu a enkawl thin a ni. Tichuan, kum 1947 August ni 15-ah India chuan zalenna a lo nei ta a, amaherawhchu, zalenna nei tawh mahse, kum 1947 atanga 1949 chhung khan India chuan ama pualin ram danpui leh mipuite rorelna kalpui dan tur duan fel sa a neih loh avangin British sawrkarin Dominion Status-ah a dah rih a, chumi ang chuan ram roreltu lu ber chu British lal a la ni a, a aiawha India enkawltu tur atana a ruat Governor-General kaihhruaina hnuaiah Republic Day hman a nih hma zawng chuan Constituent Assembly memberten ram rorelna an kengkawh ta zel a ni.

Chutianga India ram rorelna chu a kal lailawk avang chuan kum 1950, January ni 26-ah khan India ram chuan ama puala a siam ram danpui chu a hmang tan ta a, chu ni chu ‘Republic Day’ tih a lo ni ta a ni. Hei bakah hian India danpui chuan India ram chu British Lal rorelna hnuaiah awm tawh lova mahni a ding leh thuneihna nei (sovereign) leh mipuiten anmahni aiawh thlang chhuaka ram rorelna an neihna ram (democratic republic) ni tawh turin a rawn dah nghet ta a ni. He ni Republic Day hman hmasak ber a nih khan British-in India awp nana dan an siam Government of India Act of 1935 chu India danpui (Constitution of India) chuan a rawn thlak ta ti te pawhin a sawi theih a ni. British-in India an awp chhung zawng kha chuan dan an siam reng rengin, India mipuite rawn hmasak emaw an ngaihdan lak a ni ngai lo va, British ho vin anmahni duhdan leh tha an tih angin India ram enkawlna tur dan chu an siam mai thin a ni. Chutiang a nih thin avang chuan, India ramin Republic Day a hman hmasak ber atang khan India mipuite tan hun thar a rawn herchhuak a, an tana tha ber tura duan danpui chu ram mipuite tan hman tan a ni ta a, ram rorelna pawh mipuite kut zalah dah fel a ni ta a ni.

January ni 26-a Republic Day lawm a nihna chhan: ‘Engatinge January ni 26-ah kher Republic Day lawm a nih?’ tih hi zawhna awm thei tak tur a ni a, a chhan i han sawi dawn ila: India-in zalenna a sual lai khan, kum 1929 December thlaah Indian National Congress chuan Lahore khawpuiah inkhawmpui an nei a, chu Lahore Session chuan British awpna lakah zalenna pumhlum ‘Purna Swaraj’ neih anih tur thu an puang a ni. Hemi tuma an thu relah chuan, India chu British-in a ram awpte tana zalenna tluan tling ni pha lo ‘dominion status’ pek an tiam chu hnawl anih theihna turin thuthlukna an siam a, kum 1930 January ni 26 chu ‘India zalenna neih ni’ atan an puang nghal bawk a ni. Hemi ni atang hian ram pumah British sawrkar thawhpui duhloh runpui (mass civil disobedience) mipuiten kalpui nise an ti a, chumi ang chuan zalenna tluan tling neih ngiatin chak takin hmalak a ni. India-in zalenna a lo neih tak hnua ram danpui a hranpaa a neih ve takah chuan, a hman tanna ni atan zalenna an sual laia ‘India Zalenna neih ni’ atana an lo thlan fel tawh ‘January ni 26’ chu ‘Republic Day’ hman tanna ni atan an hmang chhunzawm ta a ni.

Delhi-a India Republic Day lawmna hmasa ber: Kum 1950 January ni 26-a India Republic Day lawmna hmasaber Delhi-a an hman dan chu, zing dar 10:18 A.M-ah chutih laia ‘Delhi Durbar Hall’ an tih, tuna ‘Rashtrapati Bhavan’ nitaah hian India President hmasaber niturin Dr. Rajendra Prasad chu rinawmna thu tiam tira lakluh a ni a, a lawm nan laipui vawi 31 an kap a ni. Tichuan, India chu ram dang awpna hnuaiah awm tawh lovin, mipui aiawhte thlanchhuah President hnuaiah a awm ta tih a rawn nemnghet ta a ni.

President hmasaber lakluh a nih bakah hian Delhi-a Republic Day lawmna hmasaber chu chutih laia ‘Irwin Stadium’ tia an sawi thin, tuna ‘Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium’ nitaah hman a ni a, mipui nuai 1 chuang kalkhawm hmaah sipaiten kalrem an entir a, sipai baja puten mawi takin rimawi an tum ruai ruai a, vansang lamah Indian Air Force sipaiten thlawhtheihnaa rawn thlawkin chibai bukna hun an hmang bawk a ni. India president hmasaber Dr. Rajendra Prasad chuanna sakawr tawlailir chu amah venghimtu sipaiten uluk taka rawn vengin an rawn kal chhuah pui a, President chuan sipai kalrem chibai bukna chu a rawn chhang let a ni.

India danpui pawimawhna: Republic Day lawm anih apianga mipuite rilrua cham fo thin chu India danpui hman tanna ni a ni hi a ni. A hmalama kan sawi tawh ang khan, India-in kum 1947 August ni 15-a zalenna a neih khan ama puala danpui a la neih tlat silo a, chuvang chuan British sawrkar lakah khan zalenna nei tawh mahse, ram roreltulu ber chu British Lal a la nih chhunzawm zel a ngai ta rih a ni. Chumi awmzia chu India-in danpui a hranpaa a neih hma chuan, British Lal thuneihna hnuaiah an awm rih phawt ang a, British Lal aiawhin Governor-General chu sawrkar hotulu ber a ni rih zel phawt ang tihna a ni ber awm e. Chu chu a saptawnga ‘Dominion Status’ an tih chu a ni. Chumi avang chuan India ram inkaihhruai lailawkna atan pawh British sawrkar dan siam sa chu hun engemawti chhung chu hman zel phawt a ngai ta a ni.

India-in zalenna a neih tirha ram rorelna kaihhruaitu Constituent Assembly memberte chuan kum 1947 August ni 29-ah ram danpui thar duangtu tur (Drafting Committee) member 7 an ruat a, chairman atan Dr. B.R Ambedkar an ruat nghal a ni. A tawi zawngin sawi ta ila, danpui duangtute chuan kum 1947 November ni 4-ah an dan siam chu Constituent Assembly pawmpui turin an thehlut thei ta a ni.

Tichuan, kum 1949 November ni 26-ah Constituent Assembly chuan India danpui chu a thuphungin an pawm ta a, hetah hian member 284 ten an pawm thu hming an ziah hnan a ni. Amaherawhchu, ram danpui thar chu an hmang nghal mai lova, a kum leh kum thar 1950 January ni 24-ah Constituent Assembly thutkhawm hnuhnung ber neih a ni a, chutah chuan ram danpui thar chu a tak taka hman turin an pawm fel a, a hman tanna ni atan January ni 26, 1950 chu an ruat fel nghal bawk a ni. Constituent Assembly member zawng zawngin an pawm fel ta tih hming an ziah hnan hnuah president pawm pui turin thawn a ni a, tichuan president-in a lo pawm pui ta a ni. Tichuan, Republic Day hmanna hmasaber chu kum 1950 January ni 26-ah neih a ni ta a, India danpui chu ram pumah hman tan a lo ni ta a ni. Ram danpui thar hman a nih tak avangin British sawrkar din Constituent Assembly chu thiah a ni ta a, ram pumah mipui aiawh tur thlanna hmasaber–State Assembly leh Lok Sabha inthlan chu 25 October 1951 atanga 21 February 1952 chhung neih a ni a, tichuan, State Assembly leh Lok Sabha-ah mipui aiawh thlan chhuahten ram rorelna an kaihhruai ta a ni.

India danpui thar tur an duan chungchanga thu bengvar thlak ve deuh awm chu, an duan hun chhung rei zawng hi kum 2 leh thla 11 leh ni 18 a ni a, an sum senso zawng zawng hi Rs. Maktaduai 6.4 niin sawi a ni bawk. India danpui duan a nih lai hian Contstituent Assembly hian session vawi 11 chhung sawihona hun an hmang a ni. India danpui hman hmasa berah hian Articles 395, Schedules 8 leh Parts 22 a awm a ni. Chutah chuan India ram mipui zawng zawng chu dan hmaah chuan tumah duhsak bik leh thleibik awm lovin angkhat veka en kan ni a, mimal zalenna leh dikna chanvote pawh fel fai taka pek kan ni a, inthendarh lova impumkhata kan awm tlan theih nan ram danpui hian min kuangkuah khawm vek a ni.

Mizoram tana Republic Day pawimawhna: Republic Day lawm a nih hian sawrkarin mi pawimawhte ko khawmin, a lawmna hun mual zawl leh pisa lamah te an huaihawtna ni a ni ringawt lo a, keini Mizoram leh Mizo mipuite tan pawh hian pawimawhna thuk tak a nei a ni. A chhan pawh Republic Day hman a nih hma zawng kha chuan, Mizo mipuiten khawthlang leh ram rorelnaah thuneihna kan nei ve ngai lo a ni. British-in Mizoram an awp lai khan ‘Excluded Areas’ a dah kan ni a, khawtlang rorelna pawh sawrkar hriatpuiin Lalte khan rorelna an kalpui thin a ni. India-in zalenna a neih atang khan Mizoram chu Assam hnuaia district pakhata dah a ni a, district a nih tak avangin Superintendent awpna hnuaia awm thin chu Deputy Commissioner awpna hnuaiah a awm ta a ni. India danpui hman a nih tak avangin Sixth Schedule hnuaiah Mizoram chu Autonomous District Council hmanga inenkawl turin tih a ni. Chumi avang chuan kum 1952 khan Mizo District Council inthlan hmasaber neih a ni a, Mizo mipui ten kan aiawha roreltu tur thlanna kan nei ve thei ta a ni. Hemi kumah vek hian Assam MLA atan Mizoram atangin mi 3 thlan tlin an ni bawk. Tin, hemi kum vek hian Mizoram atangin a hmasaber atan Assam MP (Rajya Sabha) ni turin Pu R Thanhlira thlan tlin a ni bawk. India Republic Day hman tan a nih atak avangin ram danpuiin min phalsak angin, Mizo mipui ten tunhma lam zawnga kan la tih ngai loh leh hmelhriat ngai loh, kan aiawha ram rorelna kaihhruaitu turte thlanna chu a vawi khatna atan kan nei thei ta a, mipui thlan chhuahte kutah ram leh khawtlang rorelna pawh a awm ta zel a ni. Kum 1954-ah phei chuan Lal ban an ni a, chuta tang phei chuan ram rorelna chu mipui aiawh thlanchhuahte kutah a awm pumhlum ta vek a ni.

Heng Mizo mipui aiawh thlanchhuahten ram rorelna an kalpui theihna chhan bulpui ber chu, India danpuiin Sixth Schedule hnuaiah mahnia a rorelna nei a, dan siam te thlenga a phal sak vang a ni. Hun a kal zela Mizo District Council chu kum 1972-ah Union Territory-ah hlan kai a ni a, kum 1987-ah state puitling hlan kai a ni leh ta bawk a ni. Hei bakah hian Mizoram chhunga Autonomous District Council pathum kan neih chhunzawm ta zel bawk a ni. Tunah chuan state puitling kan nih tawh avangin, mipuiten kan aiawha roreltu tur thlan pawh kan chanvo a ni tih hriaiin kalphung pangngaiah kan nei vek tawh a, Legislative Assembly inthlanpui pawh tum 9 lai kan lo nei thei ta a ni.

Ti hian khaikhawm dawn ila, Mizoram chhungah ngei pawh mipui aiawha roreltute an awm theihna tura phalna petu chu India danpui a ni a, chu chu Republic Day hman tan anih avanga lo awm theih chauh a ni. Hei bakah hian, India ram danpui chu siam that zel a ni a, kum 1986-ah khan Mizoram Peace Accord behchhanin Mizoram mipuite huam turin Article 371G dah belh a ni. He dan hnuaiah hian hnam lian zawk ten min chimral mai loh nante, kan ram leilung leh hnam ro thilte leh nunphungte kan humhalh theihna tur bakah, a venhimna tur dan siamte leh kenkawhte pawh phalsak kan la ni ta zel a ni. Chu chu, kan ram leh hnam tana thil hlu leh lawmawm tak a ni a, Republic Day avanga ram danpui hman tan a ni ta kha keini ram thlengin pawimawhna thuk tak a nei ta zel a ni.

Republic Day hman nuam vek u le!

- Dr. Lalzarzoa, Dept. of History, Gov’t. J Buana College, Lunglei