Changkanna leh Sakhuana

Mawl lai thil em ni?

‘Mihring finna a sang tial tial ang a, khawvel pawh a changkang tial tial ang. Chu chuan sakhua hi mihring nunhona
aṭangin a dah pawnlang tial tial ang a. Sakhua ngai lovin mihringte hi kan la leng dawn a ni. Sakhuana chu mawl lai thil mai a ni e.’ Hei hi secularization theory an tih chu a ni a. He ngaihdan hian khawvel mithiamte ngaihtuahna a hmin hneh hle a. Sakhua chu politics leh vantlang thila inrawlh ve lo tur te, rinna leh sakhua chu mimal (private) thil leh Pathian leh mimal inkarah chauh awmzia nei tur niin an ngai.

Kum zabi 20-na tawp lam aṭang khan secularists tam takin sakhuana kan mamawh tawh loh thu an sawi uar zual hle a. Van leh khawvel awm dan min hrilh turin Bible kan mamawh tawh lo, science kan nei tawh. Mihring hma hun relsak turin sakhaw thil serh kan mamawh tawh lo, technology kan nei tawh. Kan dam lohvin ṭawngṭai kan mamawh tawh lo, daktor thiam leh damdawi ṭha kan nei tawh. Kan rilru hah leh lungngaihna min chhawk turin sakhaw thila inhnemna kan mamawh tawh lo, lung lam damdawi ṭha tak tak kan nei tawh. Rilruah sual avanga inthiam lohna kan neihin sual inpuanna a ngai tawh lo, rilru lam daktor thiam kan nei tawh. Taksa nawmna piaha rilru nawmna min thlen turin rock concerts leh football match-te an ṭha tawk e. Mihring nun dan ṭha chungchangah chuan ngaihtuah tam loh a ṭha ber, midang tihnat loh hi nundan ṭha chu a ni mai. Pathian a awm tak tak leh tak tak loh pawh kan hre lo, chiang taka kan hriat erawh chu kan tihbuai hmasak loh phawt chuan Pathian chuan min rawn tibuai bik lo vang tih hi a ni. Sakhua kan vuan duh a nih pawhin mahni leh Pathian inkar thil a ni a, vantlang nunhonaah kan sakhuanain hmun a luah tur a ni lo tih hi secularization (tlangkhua) thu vuakthlak dan chu a ni deuh ber awm e.

Amaherawhchu, kum zabi 21-na thil thlen dan enin sakhua hian mimal (private) huang rawn pelin vantlang (public) huapin aw a chhuah a, hnuhma a nei nasa hle tih kan hmu thung. Tunlai khawvela sakhaw hnuhma hi zir leh chhui tham a tling. Sakhua hi secularist-te duh dana hmun kil khawrah hnawh tawma khung beh theih a lo ni hauh lo. Secularists-hoten an theihnghilh chu mihringte hi nun awmze thuk zawk zawng mi (being) kan ni tih hi a ni.

Tunah hian secularization theory letling chiahin khawvelin ke a chhep ta thung a. Khawvel hmasawnna leh changkannain vantlang nun ata sakhuana a hnawl bo deuh deuh tur anga ngaih kha, sakhuana zawkin mimal nunah mai inkhung bet lovin vantlang nunhonaah thawm na tak tak a rawn chhuah ta zawk a ni tih chiang takin kan hmu chho zel a. Tun hmaa secularization theory vuantu Peter Berger (1999:2) phei chuan, “Sakhaw tel lo (secularized) khawvela khawsa tur anga kan inngaihna hi a dik lo a ni. Khawvel hi tunhma aiin a ‘sakhua lo’ chuang hauh lova, hmun tam takah phei chuan tunhma aiin a ‘sakhua’ deuh deuh zawk a ni” a ti hial a. Tunlai khawvel hi ‘sakhaw sosan hun’ (resurgence of religion) tia koh a ni nghe nghe. Chuvangin, sakhua hi mawl thil mai a ni lova, mihring nunhona changkang chho zel pawhin a paihthlak theih loh tur chu a ni zawk.

Lei rochungtu

British Juda rabbi leh philosopher ropui Jonathan Sacks (2015:18, 38) chuan hetianga kum zabi 21-na hi kum zabi 20-na aia a ‘sakhua’ deuh deuh zawk chhan pathum a sawi. Pakhatnaah chuan, sakhuana hi nation state leh political institution-te aiin tunlai khawvel inzawmkhawmna (globalization) chak tak nen hian an inhne rem chak zawk. Pahnihnaah chuan, tunlai khawvel kalphung siamtu liberal democracy leh free market-ten an pek ve theih loh mihring nun awmzia leh nihna (identity) hi sakhuanaah zawn hmuhin a awm zawk vang a ni. Khawvel sakhaw hrang hrangte hian mihring nunah nun kawng dik leh ṭha a zirtir a, hringnun awmzia leh awmchhan an siamsak a. Chu chu politics leh economy-in a pek theih loh, mihring nunin a zawn tlat si a nih avangin sakhuana hian hmun a luah thuk deuh deuh lo thei lo a ni. Pathumnaah chuan, sakhuana hian mihring awm zat a tipungin mihring nunhona a vawng nung. Mihring awm zat chhuina (demography) lama mithiam Eric Kaufmann-a chuan khawvel huapa thlirin sakhaw mite zingah mihring piang zat an tam ber a ni a ti. A awmzia chu sakhaw ngaihsakna hmunah birth rate a sang a, mihring an pung tihna a ni. Sakhaw ngaihthahna hmun (secularized society)-ah mihring piang zat pawh a tlahniam nghal tihna a nih chu.

Tunlai khawthlang ram changkang zawkte kan enin hei hi a thleng dik mek. Secularization theory leh individualism lak nat berna hmun Europe khawmualah mihring piang zat a tla hniam hle. European ram leilung fa (indigenous) an tlem tial tial a, ram dang aṭanga lut (immigrants)-ten an hmun awl an luah mek zel niin a lang. He thu hi sawiin Jonathan Sacks (2015:256) chuan European leilung fate hian mahni leh mahni muangchangin kan intihlum mek a. Nakinah chuan sakhaw mite hian lei (earth) hi an la rochung dawn a ni a ti nghe nghe a ni.

Hnam ralna kawng

Jonathan Sacks (2015:41) vekin heti hian a sawi a: “Tunlai Khawthlang ram hi khawvela mimal inngaihsakna (individualism) hluar ber hun a ni. A ngaihsan berte chu ethics-ah mahnia din hrana ro inrelna (autonomy); politics-ah mimal dikna chanvo (individual rights); culture-ah mahni dik leh nuam tih ang anga khawsakna (postmodernism); sakhua-ah ‘thlaraumina’ (spirituality) an ni. A pathian (idol) chu ‘mahni’ (self), leh a ngaihsan leh buaipui ber (icon) pawh ‘mahni hlimthla’ (selfie), amah khalhkala thununtute chu sumdawnna zalen leh liberal democracy te an ni. Vantlang mipui (community) aiah hlimthla mipui (flash-mob) kan nei tawh a, sakhaw thila ‘biakzin’ (pigrims) ni lovin ram fang ‘khualzin’ (tourists) kan ni zo tawh a. Tu nge kan nih a, eng vanga awm nge kan nih tih reng kan hre tawh lo” tiin. Hei hi keini tunlai ṭhangthar Zofate nun danah pawh hian a dik thui sawt hle niin a lang.

Sakhua ngaihthah a nihna hmunah mihring nunin awmzia a hloh deuh deuh va; inneihna, chhungkua, khawtlang, nun dan
ṭha pawmtlan, hausa leh rethei inchhawmdawl tawn tura mawhphurhna leh inhmangaihna, leh hmalam hun beiseinate a tlahniam ngei ngei ṭhin. Kawng lehlamah chuan mihring duh dan nemnghehna hmanrua atana hman a nihna hmunah sakhua hi a huaisarin a chimawm thei hle tih pawh zep rual lohvin kan hmu thei. Chuvangin, Pathian leh mihring inlaichinna dik, sakhaw zirtirna dik neih hi tunlai khawvel damna tur a tana thil pawimawh berte zinga mi a nih tlat avangin tunlai khawvel ram hrang hrang indawrna (international relation)-ah pawh faith-based diplomacy-in hmun pawimawh tak a luah chho ta zel a ni.

He tunlai khawvela sakhaw hnuhma lian chho zel (de-secularization) hian sakhua-in politics huangah thuneihna a chuhin a inrawlh ve kher tur tih lam a kawk lova, mihring khawsakhona vantlang nun (public sphere) aṭangin sakhua hi theh chhuah theih a ni lo tih erawh min hrilh chiang viau. Sakhua hi vantlang nun aṭangin hnawl bo theih a ni lo tih satliah mai ni lovin sakhua hi mihring nunhona hnuk pawimawh tak a ni zawk a. Sakhaw ngaihthah zawnga intihchangkanna hmunah mihring awm zat an tlem tial tial a, mahni an intiral mek a ni tih kan hmu. Chuvangin, keini Zofa mi tlem te hian kan changkan tum dan hi inbih nawn ta ila. Sakhaw bosal zawng leh sakhaw zirtirna ngaihthah zawnga tunlai changkanna thli len ang anga kan awm zel chuan hnam anga kan boralna tur kawng hi kan lo zawh reng a ni thei mai ang em le?

References:

Berger, Peter L. (ed), The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics.(Grand Rapids: William B.Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1999).

Sacks, Jonathan, Not in God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence. (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2015).