Hnam mawl anga inhriatna hi!

Hman ata tawh, awp beh kan nih tirh atanga tun thlengin awptu hlimthla chuan min la awp bet a, chhuah tum a hnehin kan tan inah chuan nuam kan ti a, awptute’n min hmuh dan chu kan inhmuh dan a rawn ni chho a, tunah phei chuan ngaih dan dang, ngaih dan thar ngaihtuah thei pawh kan awm tawh meuh lo, heihi kan nihna reng emaw kan titawh. Awptute’n kan nihna an siam chu vawng nungin, nunna thaw kan thaw lut. Ngaihtuahna thar rawn awm thei lo turin ngaih dan nghet sa chu kan lem tlang dual dual a, ngaihtuahna thar reng a awm thei tawh lo. Mizote hi hnam mawl angin kan inngai a, hnam naupang angin, hnam hnuaihnung angin. Chu mi ngaih dan chu eng vangin nge kan neih tih hi kan inzawt ngai em? Kan mawl reng em, kan naupang reng em, kan hnuaihnung reng em? Chutiang zawhna chu zawt lo va thil awm dan sa (status quo) tuh nghet hi mi tam zawkin kan tih ka ringhlel lo e. Chu chu talhfiak a vuak darh a ngai a, ziakfunga ngaih dan awm sa (awpbettu ngaih dan siam) rawn siam that a ngai a ni.

Zofate Sakhua

Kum 1891 chho vel khan Mizoram hi mingo hnuaiah a kun ta a, chhim lam lal la tlawm lo te chu awm mah se, Mizoram lai li (core) a an lal te kha chu an tlawm chho a ni. Chu mi hnuah January ni 11, 1894-ah Sap Upa leh Pu Buanga te an rawn lut a, an ni khan Kristianna chi an rawn tuh a, tun thlengin Mizote chu Kristian vek angah kan inngaih theih tak hi (Mi tam tak chu ni lo pawh an awm). Chu Kristianna chanchin ṭha chu kan chungah an rawn nghat a, Mizote chu kan sakhuana ata Kristian sakhuaah kan lut ta a ni. Kristian kan ni ta hi a tha tih chu kan pawm tlang thei ang, amaherawhchu, Mizote sakhua lo neih sa kha mi tam takin thing bul leh lung bul bia anga ngawta kan chhuah hniam ta thin hi chu a pawi a, Mizote kha inthawina ngawt leh thing bul lung bul bia ngawt kan nih lohzia leh sakhaw mumal tak kan neihzia hi kan hriat thar a ngai tak zet. Ramhuai bia kan nih lohzia te hi kan hriat thar a pawimawh.

Zofate hian sakhaw mumal tak kan lo nei a, chu chu kan hmu thiam tawh lovin kan hre tawh lo thin a, hnam mawl emaw kan intih phah leh ngawt thin. University of Birmingham-a Dr. Lawmsanga Phd. Thesis “A Critical Study On Christian Mission With Special Reference To Presbyterian Church Of Mizoram” -ah chuan Mizo sakhuanain khawvel leh a piahlam a thlir dan hi hmun nga a thenin a rawn sawi fiah a :

1. Supreme Being : Pathian, a hnenah thil pek (offerings) hlan a ni thin.

2. Celestial Being : Pu Vana, Vanhrika, Vanchung Nula leh adt.

3. Benevolent Spirit : Khuavang, Khal, Lasi, leh adt.

4. Malevolent Spirit : Ramhuai, Phung, Khawhring leh adt.

5. Earthly Being : Mihring, Ramsa leh nunna nei lo thlengin.

Hetiang deuh tho hian Lawmsanga hma lamah Rev. Zairema te pawhin an lo ziak tawh a ni.

Tuna kan sakhuana ang lo tak hian Mizote sakhua kha chu mihring a tinzawn (anthropocentric) reng reng lo, a darh zauin a huam kim (holistic) em em. Nature nen te khan rualrem takin a kal dun. Chu mai bakah, Mizo sakhuaah kha chuan sual leh fel emaw eng leh thim indo kha a awm lutuk lo a, a awm ve berah pawh Huai te khan an thuneihna huang inchuh kha a ni deuh ber. Sakhua khan an ni tin nun a rem fel ti ila kan sawi sual lo ang. An incheinaah te, an ram kalnaah te, lo an neih dawn te, khaw thar an kai dawn te, an kut dawn te khan an sakhua kha a lang chiang em em, fel fai takin.

Tin, he thumal “sakhua” kan tih hi a thu ṭobul (etymology) kan chhui chian te pawh a ngai ang. Sap hovin ‘religion’ an tih leh ‘sakhua’ kan tih hi tunah chuan thu inanga hman a ni tawh. Mahse thuk taka chhui chian chuan inzawmna a nei lo tih kan hre thei awm e. K. Zawla chhui chiannaah chuan ‘sa’ leh ‘khua’ hi thil hrang a ni a, ‘sa’ tih chu siamtu tihna a ni a, ‘khua’ tih chu venghimtu/humhimtu tihna a ni tiin a ziak. Chu chu tun hnuah kan lo ti ‘sakhua (religion)’ ta a lo ni.

Ziaktu tam takin Mizo pi pute sakhua kha spiritism emaw animism emaw tia an sawi fo pawh hi a dik lo deuh a ni tih pawh Rev. Lalhmingchhuanga Zongte lehkhabu ‘Savun Kawrfual’ chhiar chuan an hre fur ang. Mizote sakhuaah khan tawngtai te pawh an tawngtai thin tih te pawh Savun Kawrfual-ah hian a rawn thai lang a :

Chunga mi’n lo chhang ang che

Hnuaia mi’n lo chhang ang che

Pi Biakin lo chhang ang che

Pu Biakan lo chhang ang che

titein an lo tawngtai thin a lo ni. Ramhuai bia kan ni ngawt lo aw, ka pu.

Albert Vanlalruata thuziah Rethinking Mizo Belief System tihah chuan hmanlai Mizote sakhua leh nun dan kha tuna ngaih dan awm sa (discourse) hmang hi chuan thlir thiam a har hle a, a chhan chu hriatna leh thiamna tihpunna (knowledge production)-ah thuk takin Judeo-Christian Theology a tel tawh vang a ni tiin a sawi. Chu kawthlir hmanga thlir chuan Mizo sakhua kha kim lo, dik lo, leh mawlmang anga thlir a awl hle a, mi tam takin an thlir dan pawh a ni.

Kan pi pute nun dan leh sakhuana kha a mawlmang lo a ni mai lo a, a fel fai hle a, a buai chuar lo. Rev. Lalhmingchhuanga Zongte phei chuan “Sakhua dan tha tak leh ropui tak a ni” a lo tihial. Chutih rual erawh chuan kha sakhuana kha a tha e tiin kan ko let leh dawn tihna pawh a ni chuang lo. Amaherawhchu, missionary te kan fak dawn apianga kan sakhua leh kan pi pute mawl lutuk leh thing bul lung bul bia leh ramhuai hial bia anga kan insawi fo te, bal leh tawp lutuk anga kan insawi thin te chu hi a ninawm tawh a ni. Keimahni chungchangah mingo dawtsawi kan awih a, kan nihna (identity) kan hmusit a, mingo ho tehna a civilized kan nih loh vang ngawtin kan civilized lo tihna a ni lo.

Kan pi pute lo finzia kha an sakhaw tlang atanga thlir hian a chiang hle awm e! Tunah thil engmah zir chiang lo a, hriat chian emaw fiah emaw tum lo a, awptu hlimthla tinghet tura awptute’n min hmuh dan tarmit atanga la inthlir reng hi a atthlak daih zawk i tive hial lo maw?

Oral Culture hi mawl tihna a ni lo

Mi tam takin hnam mawl ni a Mizote min puhna (a puhtute pawh tunah chuan Mizote tho) ṭanchhan lian tak chu ziak (written script) kan nei lo hi a ni. Mahse chu thlirna pawh chu Western tarmit a thlirna a ni a, awpbettu te (colonizers) tarmit atanga thlirna tho a ni tita ila tam tak chu an na viau mai thei. Kan dam nan nat a ṭul tawh te pawh a ni ang.

Zofate thlang tlak chanchin kan chhui chuan hmun hrang hranga an awm thu kan hre thei ang. A nih chuan mi hrang hrang nen an lo cheng ho tawh thin ngei anga, tlangah te, phaiah te. Chung mi hrang hrang zinga thenkhat chuan ziak (script) an neih ngei a rinawm a ni. Kawlphai a kan pi pute an awm lai te pawh khan Kawl ho, ziak (script) nei tawh te nen khan an cheng ho ngei tih pawh kan hria ang. Mizote khan ziak kha a awm tih an hre ngei anga, eng vangin nge an lo neih ve tak loh emaw, (thlir dan dang deuhin) an lo neih duh ve tak loh tih chu kan thlir ho a ngai a, a pawimawh hle.

James C. Scott-a, Political Scientist bawn ra tak, chuanin a lehkhabu The Art of Not Being Governed-ah chuan eng vangin nge oral culture hi Southeast Asia mite, ‘Zomia’ tia a koh, hian an lo neih tih a chhui chiang a. Chu lehkhabuah chuan oral culture hi an (Zomia hote) duh vang reng a thlang an nih thu a ziak a, tin, oral culture chu mawlna emaw civilized lo bik emaw tihna ni lovin, zalenna duh vang zawk a nih thu a rawn ziak a ni. Pu Scott-a hian awpbettu tarmit atangin a rawn thlir ve lo a, western tarmit emaw ziak nei civilization tarmit emawin a thlir hek lo, tarmit tharin a thlir a, chu tarmit chuan thil thar a hmu a ni.

Mi tam takin, a bik takin tlang ram ni lova civilization nei tein, mawlna emaw kawlhsenna an tehna chu ziak leh chhiar thiam loh hi a ni a. Tlang mite min hmuh dan hrang hranga kan nihna anga an sawi lian ber chu ziak leh chhiar thiam lohna (illiterate) hi a ni. Mahse Pu Scott-a Zomia te chu ziak leh chhiar thiam lo (illiterate) ni lovin, ziak leh chhiar thiam tawh a hnawl ta (preliterate emaw postliterate emaw) tiin tarmit thar hmangin a rawn thlir a ni. Ziak leh chhiar thiam lohna chuan mihring hi zalenna a pe lian em em mai a, history-ah te, thlahtu chhui (genealogy)-ah te leh state that lohna laka invenna kawngah te.

Southeast Asia mite chanchin chhui chhui hian kan thawnthuah thil inang tlang a awm a, chu chu ziak chu kan nei thin a, amaherawhchu, kan fimkhur loh vang emaw tu emaw misual kan tawn sual vangin emaw kan chanin kan hloh ta a ni tih hi a ni. Zofate pawhin savun lehkha kan nei thin a, mahse, uiin min put bo sak ta a nih kha. Hetiang thawnthu hi Southeast Asia-a midang pawhin an lo nei fur hlawm mai a. Akha ho chanchinah chuan lawi vun (savun chikhat)-ah an ziak thin a, mahse, Tai sipaite laka an raltlanna lamah an ril a tam tawh hle a, an ei zo ta a ni an ti. Lahu ho chuan an pathian Gui-Sha-in chhang a siamsak a, chu chhangah chuan ziak a pe a, mahse, an ni pawhin chhang chu an ei zo a, an ziak chu an hloh hlen ta a ni. Karen ho ve thung erawh chu Zofate nen a in ang zual a; Karen, Han, leh Burman (Kawl) te chu unau an ni a, ziak an nei vek a, Han leh Burman te chuan an vawng tha a mahse Karen te chuan savunah an ziak a, ran emaw ramsain emaw a ei zo daih an ti a ni. Zofate chauh hian ziak an lo tibo bik lo.

Chuta kan thlir leh ngai ta chiah chu ziak (script) nei civilization-a awm mite khan ziak leh chhiar anlo thiam vek em tih hi a ni. An lo thiam vek awzawng lo mai a, a thiam te chu mi tlem te (elite) chauh an ni a, a bak zawng chu oral culture thoin an nung a ni. Ziak leh chhiar thiam tlem te te chu state structure tinghettu te an ni a, lal chanchin te an ziak a, lal te an lal zel theihna turin dan an siam (ziak) a, lal te pathian ang tluk hiala en theihna turin an chanchin te chu thu dik ziktluak lo hmangin an ziak ropui thin a ni. Chu chu history kan chhiar chuan kan hmu thei ang. Chung ram, a bik takin phai zawlah te chuan chhiah rapthlak tak an khawn a, lal hnuaiah leh hnam ropui (ziak a awm avanga ropui a inchhal thei) te lakah hnam hnuaihnung zawk te chu an kun a. Zomia te erawh chu rorelna dik lo leh zalenna thawkchhamna hmuna awm reng chu duh lovin tlang ramah an kal ta a, tlang rama an kal dawn chuan phai rama an awm laia thil an hriat tam tak te chu an thlah a ngai a, an awmna hmun leh an inrelbawlna turah a tangkai dawn loh avangin. Chu an thlah zingah chuan ziak (script) hi a tel a, ziak kan nei ta lo a ni. Amaherawhchu, ziak (script) nei lo mah ila, kan thawnthuah te chuan kan pi leh pute’n an lo nei thin tih kan hmu thei thung. Ziak (script) chu bo mah se kan hriatrengnaah erawh kan nei thin tih chu a cham reng a ni kan tithei ang.

Kan pi leh pute khan ziak an mamawh ta lo a, oral culture hnuaiah an mamawh chin an inhlan chhawng thei a, tin, history te leh genealogy te leh rinna te chu a hun leh a hmun a zirin flexible deuhin an lo kalpui ta. Oral Culture-ah chuan thil nghet a awm thei lo a, ngaihdan te pawh a insiam reng zung zung thei, ziak a sawi leh fak tur a awm tlat loh avangin. Chu chu kan pi pute zalenna ngaina em emtu te tan chuan a pawimawh hle ang. Oral Culture-ah chuan an thil mamawh hunlaiin thu leh ngaih dan a awm a, an mamawh loh chuan amaha ralin a bo ve leh mai thin. An mamawh chuan a dam reng thung. Khawtlang nun hona atana pawimawh an tih te chu an vawng nung reng a, tlawmngaihna te, aia upa zahna te pawh an inzirtir reng. Tin, an lo neih dan te, ram chhuah dan te, thang kam dan te, puan tah dan te, la her dan te, in sak dan te leh a dang tam tak pawimawh em em chu an lo chhawm nung reng a, an inhrilh chhawng zel a ni. Heihi a chian em emna chu kan pi pute kha Len tlanga an awm hma khan la an kaih thin a, puan an nei. Mahse Len tlanga an awm hnu khan la a ṭo thei lo a, siapsuap leh hnawkhalin an inthuam ṭhin, la a ṭo theih tlat loh avangin. Hmun danga an insawn hnu khan an hriatna ata a bo lova, la an ching a, an kaih a, an tah leh mai. Thu hmanga an lo inhrilh chhawn zel vang a ni ang.

Tin, oral culture-a thu inhrilh chhawn hi (a inhrilh chhawngtute tan a pawimawh tak tak anih chuan) a lo dik thuiin a lo accurate thei khawp mai. Pu Scott-a research neihnaah chuan hnam pakhatin thawnthu an sawi chu hmun dang daihah ṭawng dang daih hmangin an lo nei a, an thawnthu sawiah danglam mang a awm lo tih thu te a ziak lang a ni. Ziakin thatna a neih lai nei tho siin, oral culture chu a duh hunah a fan (flexible) kual vel thei hi tlang ram a cheng, zalenna ngai pawimawh bertu te tan chuan a pawimawh hle. Thlahtu chhui a ngaih tawi poh a, chanchin chhui tur an neih tawi poh leh a hmunah thil an siam (invent) nghal zel thei dawn a, hmun khata rei deuh an awm ngai loh avangin chu chu an tan a tha hle a ni.

Chuvang chuan awpbettu tarmit leh western tarmit atanga thlira ziak kan nei loh avanga hnam mawl anga inngaihna leh history pawh nei lo anga inngaihna hi chu bo thei se. Ziak a awm chauh hi history a ni lo, kan pi pute khan nation-state leh a ken thil tha lo tam tak an hlatsan duh avang leh zalenna an ngaih pawimawh em avang ziak an lo nei ta lo pawh kha an mawh lo ve! Hawh u, ziak (script) kan pi pute’n an neih loh vang ngawt khan mawlah i puh tawh lo ang u.

Tlipna

Hei lo pawh hi sawi tur dang a la tam, kan pi pute’n arsi chungchang an lo chhuina tlang atanga thlirna te, Mautam leh Thingtam chungchang atanga thlirna te, an incheinate leh an nun dan hrim atang khan sawi tur a la tam. Hun dangah kan la sawi dawn ania. Kan pi pute kha an lo mawl bik lo e!

– Tatea Royte