AIZAWL KHAWPUIAH IN SAK A HARSA

April ni 21, 2026-a Aizawl Municipal Corporation (AMC)-a roreltu tur, corporator inthlanna nei turin kan inbuatsaih a, a vawrtawp a thleng ta. Campaign auhla zinga sawi hlawh a nih bakah, mi tam tak min nghawngtu chu Aizawl khawpuia in sak a harsat thu hi a ni awm e. Hemi kaihhnawia party pathum–INC, MNF leh ZPM ten an manifesto a an dah dante um zuina leh, a nghawng awm thei turte bakah, kan khawpuia in sak dil chhoh dan kalhmang han inkawhhmuha inzirtir nan ni se.

Khawpui chhunga in sak dan thuah hian Aizawl Development Authority (ADA) hun lai aṭang tawhin chhiatrupna laka mipui leh khawpui him nan Building Regulations kan nei tawh a. ADA Building Regulations 2008 dan hi kum 2008 May ni 2 aṭanga hman a ni. Hetih laia danin a huam chin chu Aizawl Master Plan area chhung a ni a. Khawchhak lamah Berawlui, hmar lamah Sihphir Neihbawih, thlang lamah Sairang?Sihhmui, chhim lamah Lungleng/Muallungthu a ni. ADA hun lai huam chin hi tuna AMC area huam chin aiin a zau zawk. July ni 23, 2015 -ah Aizawl Development Act, 2005 (Act No. 9 of 2005) hi ṭhiatin, Aizawl Municipal Council a lo piang a, kum 2010-a Municipal Corporation kan lo nih hnu kum 2011 October ni 24 aṭang khan Building Regulations dan hi hman chhunzawm a ni a, siam ṭhat a ni zauh zauh bawk. AMC Building Regulations dan hmanga in sak dil tawh mi 19,300 vel zet an awm.

AMC Site Development & Slope Modification Regulations, 2017 (SD&SM) hi October ni 29, 2021 khan hman ṭan a ni a. Kum 2026 April ni 16 thleng hian he dan hmanga in sak/ lei laih dilna lut 8,752 niin, 7,568 (86.5%) chu phalsak a ni tawh a. Dilna lut zinga 180 zet chu in sakna tur hmun him lo a lo nih avangin hnawl a ni. Khawpui chhunga leimin thleng thei tur awm ang tarlanna map, Landslide Hazard Map aṭanga Very High Zone leh High Zone huam china awm dilna lutte lo endik ṭhintu geologist leh engineer expert te awmna, Geologic Review Board (GRB) hi ṭum 99 an ṭhu tawh bawk. SDSM dan hmanga dilna thlen turten an rawih tur technical license holder nei mi 396 an awm mek a. Geologist 136, engineer 288, soil engineer 9 leh heng ang mite awm khawmna firm 11 a awm a; technical lincese holder-te pual hian training vawi 5 neih a ni tawh bawk. Technical license holder-te hming leh biak pawh theihna hi AMC website-ah tarlan a ni. Keimahni veng/ ward hnaih lam te hi ruai thei ila chu, hna vil leh en zui duh pawhin a awlsam.

SDSM Regulations hi kum 2013 April ni 25-a Mizoram sorkar leh GeoHazard International ten lirnghing lian tham thleng thei lak ata him theihna atana hmalakhona tur thawhhona thuthlung an ziah kal zel aṭanga irh chhuak a ni a. SDSM dan hi kum 2017 April ni 4-ah The Mizoram Gazette (Extraordinary)-ah tih chhuah a ni a, kum 4 zet a liam hnu kum 2021 October ni 29-ah hman ṭan a ni chauh thung. May ni 11, 2013-ah khan vanduaithlak takin Laipuitlang leimin avangin mi 17 an thi a. Hemi hnu hian AMC leh GeoHazard International ten Aizawl khawpuia leimin a tlem theihna tur kawng hrang hrang ruahman an siam a, SDSM Regulations a rawn piang a. State chhunga heti lam kaihhnawih hrang hrang–geologist te, engineer te, Disaster Management lam mite leh a kaihhnawih dang mithiamte inrawn khawmna pawh ṭum tam tak neih a ni nghe nghe a. He danin a ken tel, Aizawl Landslide Policy Committee pawhin a thlir bawk.

Kum 2017-ah SDSM Regulations tihchhuah a ni ta a. Mahse, hman a ni lawk lo, ken tel thil tam a awm avangin. Laipuitlang leimin khan Gauhati High Court beng a thleng a. Khawpui chhunga leimin tuar nêp theih nana dan awm reng hman a nih loh chhante chu sorkar zawtin, a rang thei anga hmang turin sorkar a hriattir a. He dana kutke ber tur–technical license holder advertisement chu kum 2020 June ni 23-ah tihchhuah a ni. Technical license holder-te hi geologist te, civil engineer te, soil engineer-te leh heng mite awm kimna firm-te an ni a. Geologist-te aṭang hian hetiang lama tawn hriat nei leh thiam bikna neite interview an koh hnuah, mi pahnih chu AMC-ah Geologist Consultant atan lak (nghet lovin) an ni.

He dan kalpui a nih hnuah geologist consultant-te hian AMC huam chhunga technical license holder-te’n in sak an dilsakte dilna an dawn hnuah, in hmun laih dil zawng zawngte chu a hmunhma ngeia tlawhin, an report theh luhte chu an lo endik a. A him leh him loh thlenga an finfiah zel a ngaih bawk si avangin an indaih ta lo hle a, technical license holder thlan chhuah aṭangin interview tur koh an ni leh a, kum 2022 November khan geologist consultant pakhat lak belh leh a ni. AMC area zawng chu geologist consultant pathumin chauhin tun thlengin an la vil tihna a nih chu.

SDSM Regulations ṭobul leh nihphung ṭhenkhat kan tarlang ta a. Kan khawpuia in sak dan kaihhnawiha party hrang hrangte’n an manifesto lama an dah dan te leh mimal anga hmuh dante han sawi zui ila. Television lama party hrang hrangin an manifesto an sawifiahna leh sawi zauna te ngaithlak tel a ni bawk. A hmasa berah chuan India National Congress (INC) manifesto-ah chuan hetiang hian kan hmu:

(1) AMC huam chhunga building sak phal lohna hmun, Green Zone leh No Development Zone-a puan tawhte nasa zawka humhalh a ni ang. Heng lai hmuna building sak tawh leh sak mek te pawh an phalna neihte ennawn a ni ang a. Phalna nei lo leh phalna ang ni lova in sak (construction) chungchangah dan khawng taka lekkawh a ni ang.

(2) In sak phalna pek dan hman lai hi ennawn a ni ang a. Tun aia chak leh rang zawkin hmun hima in sa thei tih hriat chiante tan in sak phalna pek a ni tawh ang.

A chunga mite hi kan mamawh leh tihhlawhtlin theih atana ṭha tak a ni. Chak leh ṭha zawka hmalak a nih theih nan, dan lova kut lo thlak tawhte hremna dan siam leh endik kawnga tha tih chak a ṭul dawn a. Party thil tum tihlawhtling thei tur hian thawktu lak belh pawh a ṭul ngei ang. Technical license holder-te tih tur leh mawhphurhna pawh inhrilh nawn pawh a ngai ang. In sak dan endiktu (enforcement) ṭha hi dan hlawhtlin theih nan chuan a pawimawh khawp mai. AMC-ah hian dan kengkawh kawnga viltu tur leh a ṭul anga hma la thei tur hi MPS officer leh a naute (police) eng emaw zat te hi awm tel ve se chu an ṭangkai viau a rinawm.

A pahnihnaah chuan, Mizo National Front (MNF) lam thil tum hi han thlir leh ila.

(1) In sak phalna (building permission) leh lei laih phalna mumal zawk leh rang zawka pek chhuah a nih theih nan hmalak a ni ang. Building permission pek tawh, in sa zo mai thei loten awlsam zawka permission an renew theihna turin ruahmanna siam a ni ang.

(2) Sum tlem zawk chawia 'Soil Test' tih theihna turin hmalak a ni ang; tin, mipuite awlsam zawk nan AMC-ah Soil Testing Laboratory din tura hmalak a ni ang.

(3) In/building hlui ṭhiah phalna rang zawka pek chhuah a nih theih nan ruahmanna siam a ni ang.

(4) Aizawl khawpuia chengte tan leivung paihna hmun (dumping area) siam belh a ni ang a, leivung paih dan mumal zawk siam leh hman a ni ang (Hei hi AMC hmalakna kal mek a ni a, a hmun turte pawh zawn mek a ni).

AMC lama sorkar zo chiah an ni bawk a, hmalak mekna thlengin an rawn tarlang tel a. Mipui min nghawng ber chu phalna pek chhuah tlai ṭhin hi a ni a, thawktu lak belh ṭul thu pawh hre chiang tak tur an ni. In sakna tur hmuna ‘soil test’ chungchang tarlan tak erawh hi chu AMC tan phurrit a ni thei; laboratory tur hmunhma buatsaih, hmanrua lei leh a khawihtu tur rawih a ngai dawn. Tuna soil test theihna hmun hrang hrang–Geology & Mining Lab. te, Central PWD Lab. te, Dept. of Civil Engineering leh Dept. of Geology, MZU te, Dept. of Geology- PUC leh Zirtiri College te, leh Aihniar Lab. (College Veng) te a awm mek a. A tlangpuiin, soil test tur dah aṭanga result an pek chhuah inkar hi a rei lo a, ni 3/5 vel chauh a ni ṭhin AMC-ah kan neih belh theih erawh chuan mi tam berte’n kan ban phak, rate tlawm zawk leh chak zawk pawh kan neih phah thei thung. Laboratory tam leh changtlun zawk neih theih chu hmasawnna kawng khat a ni ngei ang.

Permission renew leh in hlui ṭhiah phalna hi chu, online portal hman a nih avangin, hetiang tih ngaite’n anmahni dilsak theitu–architect/engineer-te hi ruai hma thei ta se, a kal chak ngei ang. Mi tam zawkte’n kan hriat fuh loh avangin kan lo tlai phah ṭhin. Tuna kalphung mek aia awlsam leh ṭha zawk pawh an ruahman tel thei ngei ang.

Zoram People’s Movement (ZPM) hian kan sawi mek chungchangah hian manifesto-ah pakhat an rawn dah a, chu chu:

(1) AMC huam chhunga in sak buaipui chhung rei lutuk tihziaawm nan Building Regulations 2007 leh Site Development & Slope Modification (SD&SM) Regulations, 2017 te en nawnin, a ṭul angin siam ṭhat a ni ang.

Ka’n han ûm zui duh mek laiah chuan pakhat chauh hi an dah nâ a, tihhlawhtlin theih chuan awmzia a nei ngei ang. A chunga tarlan tawh angin, heng thil tum tihhlawhtling tur chuan SDSM hnuaia thawktu lak belh a ngai dawn. Han sawi belh ta hret ila, tuna geologist consultant pathum chauh hi chu dilna a luh tam dante thlir chuan a tlem deuh, mi panga emaw tal, a awmsa ti chak tura lak belh a ṭul. Geologist consultant-te hi SDSM dana ki pawimawh tak an ni si a, an tha tihchak nan an dinhmun siam ṭhat pawh a ngai.

Building Regulations ennawn hi ṭulna a awm mai thei a, kum 2025 November thlaa Seismic Zone ennawnah, Seismic Zone VI-ah kan awm ta a. Hemi in a keng tel, building sak dan turte hi kan zawm dawn a nih chuan, zone factor (0.36) chu danglam lo mah se, eng emaw lai chu siam ṭhat lai tur chu a awm ngei dawn. SDSM bik pawh hi kan hman aṭangin official notification hmanga tihchak zeuh zeuh ni mah se, amendment a la ni lo. Chutihlaiin, kum 2/3 liam ta aṭang khan regulations hi ennawn (amend) a nih theih nan rawtna hrang hrang, pawl anga rawtna te bakah committee dinin chhawp chhuah a ni tawh bawk. Manifesto-ah dah a nih ang hian thil ṭul tak a ni.

Vantlang in lian leh hmun pawimawh tur ang, building pawimawh ruhrel din dan tur ruangam lo thlira lo ennawntu structural engineer expert-te awm khawmna, Structural Review Board (SRB) chu March ni 5, 2025 khan siam a ni a, a ṭangkai hle. SRB hian building pawimawh (biak in, hall, office, school, hospital, etc) sak dilnate chu Structural Design Basis Report (SDBR) hmanga thehluh a ngaih tak avangin, he report hi an lo thlir ṭhin. Heng ang vantlang in pawimawh ni si, phalna chhuak har kan tih tam tak hi SDBR felfai tawk lo, dik lo leh siam ṭhat ngai te a ni fo. Hetiang ang sak a nih dawn chuan architect leh structural engineer te, civil engineer tawnhriat ngah tawh rawih a finthlak.

Kan party lian pathumte manifesto han thlir hian, AMC-in in sak chungchang hi tihchak a ni dawn tih a hmuh theih a, a lawmawm tak zet a ni. An thil tumte han thlirin, heng kan han sawi chhuah bak thil tam tarlan a ni tel ṭheuhte hi a lawmawm hle. Mi tam tak tan chuan AMC office hi pan leh dawr a harsa a, online hmangin eng emaw zat a tih theih theih ta bawk. Kum 2018-a Online Building Plan Approval System (OBPAS) hman anih hnu phei kha chuan architect te, structural engineer te leh civil engineer-te tan chuan building dilna theh luh te, dilna thlen chin leh siam that ngai lai thlengin online-in a tih theih vek tawh. SDSM bik hi OBPAS anga tih ve theih a nih hunah chuan dilna theh luh leh siam that ngai lai siam ṭhat te, kan dilnain a thlen chin bakah, phalna hmuh dan thlengin a hriat zung zung theih tawh ang. Tu pawhin sorkarna chang se, online hmanga tih theih tura hmalakna awm mek hi tihhlawhtlin ngei ni se la, kan manifesto-te hi a hlawhtling nghal thei ang.

Mipui hian technical license holder-te hi kan mi chhawr an ni tih kan hriat nawn fo a ṭul; hriat chian loh leh, hriat thiam loh kan neih pawhin zualkoa phun nghal mai lovin, kan zawh fiah fo a ngai. AMC office lam thiam loh nia kan ngaih tam tak hi chu dilna lama siam ṭhat ngai lai, lo hriat loh palh te, tih dik loh awm te, theh lut tlai te leh phalna hmuh tawh si inhrilh hriat ni lo te a ni ṭhin. In sak kan dilna kawnga kan sum senso tam ber pawh hi AMC lama lut ni lovin, kan mi rawihte hnena kan pek a ni bawk. Technical license holder-te nen hian kan inbiak pawh tawn reng a ngai.

Khawpui a ṭhang zel a, kan himna, kan ṭhatna tura sorkar hmalakna a ni tih hriain dan ang taka hma kan lak a, kan insenso ve pawh a ṭul ta. Mipuite’n thu kan awih a, dan zawm pawh kan tum hle, hmasawnna tur erawh kan nei. Syria ram lirnghing kha kan la hre reng awm e. Building regulations ṭha tak an nei a, an lo zawm ṭha leh si lo; lirpui a han nghing hnu chuan an thil tih dik loh pawizia an hria, mi tam tak an thi a, an in leh lovin a tuar bawk. Ram dang, khawpui dangte tawrhna hi kan inzirna tur kan darthlalang ni se.

Kan hma hun kan hre lo, leimin leh lirnghing avanga chhiatrupna tuar thei reng kan nih tih inhria ila, kan technical license holder-te thurawn kan ngaichang ang a, phalna kan hmuh ang takin lei kan lai ang a, in kan sa dawn nia. Hmanhmawh lutuk leh dilna min hmuhsaktute thu awih loh hi a hnu lama buaina leh harsatna min thlentu a ni fo. Lirnghing laka himna chu in sak dan dik leh ṭha hi a ni. Kan biak in, puipunna leh infiamna hall, sikul, office, chenna in te hi mithiamte duan ang takin sa ila, kan lo sengso ta deuh a nih pawhin kan thla a muang ang; kan hmangaih berte himna nen, kan inchhir hauh lo ang. Mipui ṭha, dan zâwma sorkar thawhpuitu nih i tum zel ang u.

- Prof. Laldinpuia, MZU