India Constitution Siamṭhat (131st Amendment) tumna kha

“Authoritarianism” tiin bul han ṭan phawt mai teh ang. A awmzia chu “thuneihna pumhlum chàn/neih” a tih theih awm e. Hei hi ram kaihhruaina, governance lama hman lar a ni a, democracy kalh tlat a ni thung.

Donald Trump-a hian Hungary Prime Minister, Victor Orban khu a ngaisangin a nih ang nih ve a chak zek zek a. Orban-a hian Hungary khu kum 16 chhung zet a thuhnuaiah a lo dah tawh a. Hetia a dah theihna chhan hi democracy ram mah ni se, kum 35 mi lek a nih lai, kum 1998 aṭanga kum 2002 thlenga Prime Minister a nih hnuah kum 2010 aṭanga hmanni lawk a Hungary in inthlanpui an neih thleng khan Prime Minister hna hi a chelh a. Hemi hun chhung hian a thuneihna a sawh nghet tial tial a, a tawpah phei chuan an police te, inthlanna buaipuitu Election Commission leh an Supreme Court thlengin a thunun a, inthlan apiangin a chak ta zát zát zel a ni.

Donald Trump-a mi ngaihsân zingah chuan thuneihna pumhlum nei, Kim Jong Un te, Vladimir Putin te leh BJP-in sawrkarna ṭum thum lai mai a lak hnuah Narendra Modi te an ni a. Dictator kan tih ang chi hi chu a ngaisâng vék ti i la kan sawi sual lo ang. Thuneihna pumhlum neih a duh avangin tunah hian khawvela ram ropui leh hausa, “modern democracy” lo pianna ti a kan hriat ṭhin, USA chu a buai mup mup a ni ber ta mai a, Tlumtea thlira kan lo thlir ṭhin, FIFA World Cup pawh USA-ah khuan an khel thei ang em tih tur khawpin FIFA pawh hian harsatna a tawk ta a ni. Hemi in a entir chiang tak chu mipui kuta thuneihna awm mahnia pum hmawm tùm ṭhat loh zia a ni awm e.

Anih leh India Danpui BJP in siam ṭhat a tumna leh “authoritarianism” hian inkungkaihna enge a neih? Narendra Modi leh Amit Shah kaihhruaina hnuaiah BJP hian 2014 kha rorelna an rawn chang a. BJP sawrkar hian kum 2016-a pawisa “note” lian a tih bo (demonetization) avanga mipuiin harsatna lian tak kan tawk chung khan India ram inthlanpui 2019 khan BJP chu rawn chak sauhin hemi ṭum hian Parliament-ah “absolute majority” an nei nghe nghe a ni. Hetia Parliament-a sapa tâla a tâl theih hnu hian sawrkar thuneihna hi nasa taka hman sual niin CBI te, Enforcement Directorate te chu politics-a an hmelma beih nan BJP sawrkar hian a hmang chho a. Hei mai bakah hian news media lamah ṭan lain TV news leh social media engemawzat a thunun a. Sumdawng lian (corporate) ho lamah a ṭán tlat avangin sumdawng lian ho pawh hi a thuhnuaiah BJP hian a dah chho zel a. Opposition lian ber, Indian National Congress lah che hlei thei dinhmunah a ding bawk si lo, BJP hi a inlulung chho zel a, zirlai lehkha zir tur thlengin duhthu a sâm chho a, India chu Hindu rama siam tumin zirlaibute pawh a tidanglam hial a ni.

Hetia duh thâla a han chet hian nghawng a nei ta a. Opposition party-te chuan awmzia nei hlei thei lo mahse ṭan khawhin BJP hmalakna ṭha lote chu uar leh zualin an puang darh a. Hei hian rah a chhuah a ni ngei ang, inthlanpui 2019 result a rawn chhuah meuh chuan BJP chu MP ngah ber la ni mah se, amahin sawrkarna a siam zo ta lo a, party dangte thawhpuiin sawrkarna erawh a siam leh ta a ni.

BJP hian Narendra Modi-a hming ringawt chu an ṭhatpui zo tawh dawn lo tih hriain kawng dang a zawng leh ta a. Chu chu “Delimitation” a ni ta a ni.

Delimitation chu enge ni ta le? Parliament leh Assembly constituency-te ramri kham siam danglam tiin a awlsam zawngin sawi ta mai i la a pawi awm lo e. Mihring an lo pun zel chuan MP/MLA constituency siam belh loh chuan mipuiin lamin aiawhtu an nei mumal lo ang tih venthawn vang a ni deuh ber. Mipui pung zel leh constituency ramri siam danglam hi chhiarpui (census) nen a inthlan zawm tlat avangin chhiarpui hnuhnung ber chu baseline a hman tur a ni.

Kum 1971 khan India chuan chhiarpui a nei a. A kum lehah delimitation hi buaipui nghal tur a ni. Khatih hun lai khan Indira Gandhi kha Prime Minister a ni a. A han ngaihtuah vang vang khan India ram hmar lam leh chhim lam chu mipui neih tam lamah an intluk loh em avangin hmar lamin MP an ngah a, chhim lamin an nei tlem dawn ni a a hriat avangin Parliament-ah delimitation hi kalpui lo in kum 10 dang nghak leh phawt i la, tiin a pu lut a, hemi pawm a ni a. Tichuan kum 2000 khan Atal Vajpayee Prime Minister rawn ni ve lehin a ni pawh hian mipui tam lamah chhim leh hmara intluk tlânna a la awm loh em avang leh hmar lamin chhim lam anga mihring pung chak lutuk tura hma an lak ve loh avangin kum 2026 thleng delimitation hi kalpui loh ṭha a ti ve leh ta a, vawiin hi kan thleng ta a ni.

India in chhiarpui a neih leh hun hi kum 2021 kha niin Covid hrilêng avangin chhiarpui hi neih theih a ni ta lo a, hemi avang hian delimitation hi kalpui lo ni ta se mihring tam dân chhûtna chu kum 2011-a chhiarpui kha rin a ngai lo thei lo a. Opposition party-te chuan hei hi an duh bau lo a, nakkum emaw mai a chhiarpui neih dawn tho chuan tûn tut tut a delimitation hi kalpui a ngai lo an ti ve tlat mai a. Hei bakah hian chhim leh hmar lama mihring awm zat hi a la intluk lo ropui si a, hmar lamin MP an ngah hle laiin chhim lam chuan MP neih belh tur hi an nei tam vak dawn si lo a, delimitation neih hi an duh lo pakhat bawk a ni. Tun dinhmunah hian Hindu tam na UP ringawt khuan MP 80 an nei a, delimitation hi kalpui ni ta se MP 130 bawr vel an nei dawn a ni. Tin, delimitation hi neih a nih chuan tuna Parliament-a MP seat 543 awm hi 850 bawr velah a chho dáwrh dâwn bawk a ni.

Delimitation hi neih a nih loh chuan BJP hian inthlan lehah sawrkarna an chang pha lo mai ang tih an hlauthawng a, delimitation kalpui a nih dawn chuan Constitution tih danglam a ngai bawk si a, ngaihtuahna an hmang ta a. Chu chu Women’s Reservation kan tih hi a ni ta a ni. Tunhma aṭang khan ram rorelna kawngah hmeichhiate hian mawhphurhna an nei lo em mai tiin hmeichhiate dinhmun hi chawisang tumna a lo awm tawh ṭhin a. Rajiv Gandhi-a hun lai khan Parliament leh Assembly mai ni loin, local government body thlengin hmeichhiate hi 33 per cent reservation nei se tia rawt a lo ni tawh a. Hei hi a hlawhtling mai thei lo a, tunhnai deuh mai aṭang khan kan local body te chuan hmeichhiate tan seat hauh an lo nei ta a nih kha. Kum 2023 khan Parliament pawhin Parliament leh Assembly-a hmeichhiate tan seat hauh a nih theih nan Constitution of India 106th Amendment (Women’s Reservation) Act, 2023 chu a lo pass tawh a, mahse delimitation neih huna hman theih chauh a ni.

BJP hian bengsika an ngaihtuah hnuah delimitation kalpui hi amah ngau ngau chuan a tlang zo dawn lo tih an hriat avangin mipui lama nawrna a awm tel theih beiseiin hmeichhe tana seat hauh hi hman vat a nih theihna tur a ni tiin ṭan hmun a khawh tel ta a ni. Mahse hei hian awmzia tak tak a nei thei lo ni ang, Parliament-a vote an han lak meuh chuan hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih, vote 352 ngai turah a duh lam vote 298 chauh a tla ta a, he Special Parliament Session chu awmze nei lo in a tawp leh ta a. Dinhmun sawhngheh a tum angin BJP hian dinhmun a sawhnghet thei rih lo a ni.

(Note: Hemi chungchang hi a tawi thei ang berin ka rawn ziak a, kimchang lo a tam a. Hriat tur pawimawh tak pakhat chu India ram mihring tam lutuk hi tunhma aṭang tawh khan sawrkar laipui hian a ngaimawh a, mipui tih tlem dan tur a ngaihtuah reng a. Delimitation hman a nih loh réng chhan pakhat chu mihring pung chak lutuk venna lama hma la ṭha state-ten MP an nei tlem bik tur venna a ni pakhat a ni. Delimitation hi kalpui lo ni ta se, Delimitation Commission din a ni ang a, he Commission in thutlukna a siam tawh chu Court-ah pawh khin theih a nih loh avangin BJP hian a sawrkar laia a mi duh zawng Commission-a a dah chuan Hindu chak zêlna turin hma a la ngeiin a rinawm.)

- David M. Thangliana