INDIA EMERGENCY HROHRANG CHHE BER HRIAT RENG NAN AW
"Indira is India, India is Indira" – DK Barooah, President, Congress Party 1975-1977
June 25 hi India ram Emergency hrohrâng nâ leh rapthlak ber puan ni champha vawi 51-na a ni. He ni a lo thlen hian kha emergency nunrâwnzia leh khatiang emergency kha India ram awm chhunga thleng nawn tawh lo tura Constitution amendment siam a nih dan te i han thlir kir thuak teh ang.
EMERGENCY PUANG THEITU
India President hian Emergency puan theih chi thum a nei. National Emergency Article 352, State Emergency Article 356, Economic Emergency, Article 360. National Emergency vawi thum puan a ni tawh a; vawi khatna leh vawi hnihna chu indona vang a ni a, vawi thumna erawh chu ram chhung buai (internal disturbance) vang a ni.
1. China Aggression–October 26, 1962 to January 10, 1968.
2. Pakistan War–December 3, 1971 to March 21, 1977.
3. Internal Disturbance–June 25, 1975 to March 21, 1977.
EMERGENCY PUAN
June 25, 1975 zanlai dar 12 rik hma minute rei lo te a la awm tihin India President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed chuan Prime Minister Indira Gandhi hnen aṭanga ziaka lehkha a hmuh angin Article 352 ‘Internal disturbance’ tlawhchhanin National Emergency puanna tur hming a ziah hnan ta rup mai. President hian he Emergency hi eng ang taka râwng leh hrohrâng chhia nge a ni dawn tih hrethiam ngat se, a hming a ziak kher lo ang. Thla 19 chhung he National Emergency hian a awh a, hemi chhunga thil thleng hi Indian ramin tawng nawn leh se ti pakhat mah an awm lo ang. June 25,1975 aṭanga March 21, 1977 chhung niin, ni 614 a awh a, thla 20 lai a ni.
He Emergency hi a hrohrâng a chhiain a tawrhhlelhawm tak zet a, Fundamental Rights zawng zawng hlih vek a nih avangin Right to Life thleng a khawih a; Attorney General chuan, "Even if life was taken away illegally, Courts are helpless," a ti. Historian Prakash chuan, "BR Ambedkar khan eng vangin nge hetiang emergency puan theihna dan hi a lo pek le?" a ti hial.
ENG ZAT NGE THI?
Amnesty International chhût dan chuan India Emergency chhung hian mi man leh tàntir zat 140,000 zet niin, Punjabi hoin an tuar nasa bera ngaih a ni a, mi 40,000 zet lung inah tântir nia ngaih a ni. Fundamental Rights hlih a nih bakah, Freedom of Press pawh hlih vek a ni a, chanchinbua thil chhuah tur zawng zawng sorkarin a endik (censor) vek.
ENG NGE A CHHAN
1975 Emergency thawm nâ, râwng leh vîn zet mai puan hma hian India ram state hrang hrangah politics thila inngeih lohna leh buaina lian tak tak, Prime Minister hmasa ber Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru thih hnu kum 1969 aṭangin a rawn irh chhuak a; kha kha he internal disturbance tlawhchhan Emergency puan inṭanna bul a nih thu historian tam takin an ngai. Congress party-ah buaina awmin, party a phel phah hial a, hruaitu upa leh hlun zawk chu Congress (O) {O= Organization or Old party}, Morarji Dessai te lam an ni a, Congress symbol bâwng pahnih leilehna hàl hnûk an chang zui a; Indira Gandhi lamṭang, a phel zawk (break away) Congress (R) {R=Requisition} chu symbol thar bawngpui leh a note hnute hne lai pek an ni.
Congress Party chhung buaina aṭang hian senior leader Nehru thachhang dawl tlattu Morarji Desai chu Congress hruaitu anga hriat zui a hlawh ta lo. Congress (R) hian 1971 general election-ah khan MP seat 518 aṭangin 352 an nei hial a, a phel zawka lang kha Congress (O) lam an din chhunzawm zel loh avangin Indira kaihhruai zawk chuan a ziding dinhmun a rawn luah leh ta a ni. Historian lar Ramachandran Guha chuan, 1971 General Election-a hnehna aṭang khan, "Congress (R) hi Congress dik tak zawka ngaih an ni a, hming tawpah engmah dah zui a ngai tawh lo", a ti.
1971 General Election-a an chak avang hian Executive leh Judiciary chu Prime Minister Office thuhnuai aṭanga ṭhâm khawm tumna a lian tial tial. Hei vang hian India ram hmun tam taka duh lohna a lian tial tial a, India ram hruaitu hlun leh upa lam pawhin he buaina hi an thlawp chho hle.
1974 kum tir lamah thil man pung nasa lutuk (inflation), corruption nasa vang leh hna thawh tur van avangin Bihar leh Gujarat-ah zirlaite’n nawrhna an huaihawt a. April 1974-ah Jayaprakash Narayan chuan ‘Total Revolution’ a puang a, zirlai, loneitu, labour union te chu tharum hmang lova India society siam ṭha turin a fuih a. Thla khat emaw lek hnuah Railway Employees Union chuan ram pum huap nawrhna an huaihawt a, Indira Gandhi sorkar chuan tharum nen a hmet mit a. Railway hnathawk sang tam tak lung inah tàntirin, an nupui fanaute chu quarters aṭangin a hnawt chhuak bawk.
INDIRA GANDHI INTHLAN THUBUAI
Lok Sabha 5-na inthlan 1971-ah khan India ram MP neih zat chu 518 a ni a, Congress (R) hian seat 352 lain, hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih chuang an la phak hial a. Hei vang hian India Constitution Amendment lar tak, 42nd Amendment pawh an tih theih phah a ni. Indira Gandhi pawh Raebareli bialah thlan tlin a ni a, Prime Minister a ni zui. 1971 Election-ah hian freedom fighter Raj Narayan chuan Raebareli bialah chuan Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi hi Socialist Party hmingin a khing a ni.
RAJ NARAYAN
Raj Narayan hi India ram chhungkaw hlun Narayan Dynasty thlah kal zel a ni a, thiamna lamah MA, LL B a ni. Kum 1934 chho aṭanga India independent sualna Mahatma Gandhi, Ram Manohar Lohia, Jawaharlal Nehru, etc te hnung zuitu a ni a, Quit India Movement 1942 lai pawha Students Congress President ni chunga a meizang hlaptu zinga tel tawh a ni nghe nghe. Independence sual chhung khan ram tan politics vangin vawi 58 lung inah a tâng hman a, a tân chhung belh khawm kum 15 a tling.
Raj Narayan hian Indira Gandhi hi 1977 General Election-ah khan Raebareli bialah a hneh a, 1977-1979 chhung Morarji Desai sorkarah khan Health Minister a ni nghe nghe. Indira Gandhi-i’n 1971 inthlanah Raj Narayan a hneh khan, voter te hnena sum sem, invau beh leh sawrkar chakna hmang nasa lutuk tiin, Raj Narayan chuan Allahabad High Court-ah a khing a, Indira Gandhi pawh a tâlbuai hle a, court-ah amah ngei ding tura koh a ni a, India Prime Minister ni lai hetianga koh hmasak ber a ni.
June 12, 1975 khan Allahabad High Court Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha chuan election-a sawrkar chakna hmang nasa lutuka puhnaah Indira Gandhi chu thiam loh chantirin, 1971 inthlana Indira Gandhi tlinna chu rin tlak loh leh hnâwl (null and void)-ah a puang a, Lok Sabha MP a nihna pawh a hlip nghal a, kum ruk chhung inthlan chuh thei lo turin thupek a chhuah bawk.
High Court thutlukna hi Indira Gandhi chuan Supreme Court-ah a khing let a. Supreme Court Justice VK Krishna Iyer chuan High Court thutlukna chu nem nghetin, Indira Gandhi chu Prime Minister a nihna anga a hamṭhatna dawn zawng zawng tawp nghal turin a ti. Court thu tih tlukna khinlet leh chhung atan Prime Minister a nihna chu hlihsak a ni lo thung.
Hemi ni aṭang hian opposition hruaitu Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) ho chuan anti–govt protest an buatsaih nghal a. June 25, 1975-ah phei chuan Delhi-a Ramlila Ground-ah ram pum huap Satyagraha, Indira Gandhi bâng tura nawrna a buatsaih zui nghal a. Jayaprakash chuan sorkarin thuneihna a hloh tawh a, Police, Army, Civil Officer te chu order eng ang pawh dawng se awih lo leh hnawl turin a chah a ni. Hemi ni vek hian George Fernández hovin Railway national strike buatsaih a ni bawk. Chungte chu changchawiin, ram chhunga hel rilru put tumna lian tak awm a ni, tiin Article 352-a ‘Internal Disturbance’ tlawhchhanin June 25, 1975 zanlai dar 12 rîk hma deuhin Indira Gandhi chuan ziakin President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed chu Emergency a puantir ta a ni.
Emergency puan rawtna hi Cabinet an râwn hman lo va, hmanhmawh taka tih niin, Cabinet member-te hrilh hma darkar khatah Indira Gandhi hian India ram mipuite hriata Emergency puan a nih thu sawi turin All India Radio kalin a puang a ni. Cabinet pawh hmanhmawh takin a tuk June 26, 1975 zing dar 6-ah koh a ni a, pawmtir a ni.
INMAN RÛNPUI
Emergency puan tuk aṭang hian mipui dikna leh chanvo hlih vek a nih avangin mipui tan thiamthu sawi theih a ni lo. Emergency puan aṭanga darkar thum hnuah chuan India ram chanchinbu lian zawng zawng electric line tihtawp nghal a ni a. Khawvar hma aṭangin Police-te chu man hna thawk nghal tura thupek khawng tak pek an ni a; opposition hruaitu lar Jayaprakash Narayan, LK Advani, Morarji Desai, Vijayaraje Scindia, AB Vajpayee, Charan Singh leh mi dang tam tak man nghal an ni.
Mizo zingah pawh Emergency avanga man leh lung in tâng an awm nual a–Brig. T. Sailo, Pu R. Vanlawma, Pu C. Vulluaia, Pi Sanglianchhungi, etc te an ni. Pi Sanglianchhungi khan jail tâng chungin Mizoram MP kum 1977 khan a chuh ve nghe nghe. Emergency puan laia mihring man zat Amnesty International-in a tarlan chu 1,40,000 a ni a, Shah Commission chuan Preventive Detention Law hmangin mi 1,11,000 man an nih thu a sawi thung.
Emergency chhunga sorkarin dan a lek lar zualte chu–Maintenance of Internal Security Act 1971 (MISA), Armed Forces Special Power Act 1958 (AFSPA) leh, Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act 1974 te a ni.
FORCED STERILISATION
Indira Gandhi fapa naupang zawk Sanjay Gandhi kha sorkara dinhmun leh nihna pakhat mah nei lo chung khan Emergency lai khan Prime Minister ang maiin thuneihna a nei a. Sanjay hian India ram mipui pung chak lutuk venna atan nau nei thei lo tura insiam luihtir (forced sterilisation) na takin a kalpui a, state sorkar zawng zawngah thupek khauh tak pek vek a ni. 1976-77 chhung khan mi nuai 830 insiam luihtir an ni a, a hma kumah nuai 270 insiam luihtir an ni bawk.
Chi thlah thei lo tura insiam luih (forced mass sterilisation) hi a tirah kutdawh leh retheite bitum deuh tum angin lang mah se, a nih lohzia a lang chiang hle. He mass sterilization-ah hian state/UT te bakah, sawrkar hnathawk thlenga insiamtir tur zat bituk a ni. Hmeichhia chauh fa nei thei lo tura siam an ni lo va, mipa pawh fa nei thei tawh lo tura til rehsak (vasectomy) tihtir an ni.
MIZOTE LEH INSIAM
He insiam luihna thupek khauh tak hi a hun lai Mizoram UT sorkar (PC ministry) khan India ram state dangte ang thovin an dawng ve ngei ang tih chu rinhlelh chi a ni lo. Insiamtir tur zat bituk leh a thawktute pawh khan state dang ang bawkin bituksak an nih avang khan, Health Department hnuaia thawkte khan hmeichhe fa ngah deuhte tana ngaihthlak hrehawm tak, diriam leh chêksawlhna ṭawngkam an chhak chhuak nasa ṭhin hle a. Hei vang hian 1975 hnu lamah hian Mizo zingah unau piang rual tak, changkang loa ngaihna a awm tak avangin hmuh tur an tlem ta khawp mai.
MIPUI AN RÛM
• India ram pumah Police-te’n mi tupawh, eng pawi nge an sawi tih hriat lohin an man thei a, an chhungte hrilh lovin rei tak an hrêng thei.
• Political prisoner tam tak kha an tânnaah vau leh tihretheih, kut thlak an tuar nasa.
• Sipai leh Police kawl laia thi (custodial death) tam tak a awm a, sorkarin record a neih loh avangin a zat hriat a ni lo.
• Sorkarin press & media zawng zawng a thunun vek a, forced mass sterilisation fakna thuziak chhuah uar tura tih an ni.
• 1976 kum bul lamah zaithiam lar Kishore Kumar chu Congress party rally-ah zai tura an sawmnaah a kal lo va, Information & Broadcasting Minister VC Shukla chuan unofficial-in All India Radio leh Doordarshan te chu May 4, 1976 aṭanga Kishore Kumar zai tichhuak lo turin a ti a, Emergency hlih hma zawng khan AIR station zawng zawng leh DDK ten a zai an tichhuak lo.
• Emergency chhung hian Indian Federal Principle chu nasa taka bawhchhiat a ni a, state sorkar a hmingin awm mah se, a takah chuan Central thuneihna vek a ni.
Emergency puan aṭanga thla 18 hnu, January 23, 1977 khan March 16-20, 1977-a inthlan tur thu puan a ni a, politician leh activist tângte chhuah an ni a. Opposition party hruaitu pawimawh zawng zawng lung ina khung vek an nih avangin Congress party lo tan thla khat hi inthlan inbuatsaihna atan tlem lutuka ngaih a ni. 1977 inthlanah hian Raebareli bialah Indira Gandhi chu Raj Narayan bawk hneh lovin a tla a, a fapa Sanjay Gandhi pawh Amethi bial aṭangin a tling zo lo bawk.
1977 General Election-a chak ta Janata Party khan Emergency chhunga thil thleng chhui chiang turin Shah Commission a ruat a, a thil hmuhchhuah report-te bawhzui thei lovin Janata sorkar kha July 16, 1979 khan a tlu. Heta dik lo taka official record tihchingpennaa inhnamhnawiha puh IAS officer tam tak chu hrem lohin an chhuah phaha ngaih a ni.
January 1980 General election-ah Congress chu hneh takin an tling a, Indira Gandhi pawh Prime Minister a ni leh. June 23, 1980 khan a fapa Sanjay Gandhi chu thlawhna chesualah a thi a, Indira Gandhi pawh a term hmang pum lovin, October 31, 1984 khan a security guard kutah kah hlum a ni.
India ram Emergency chu chhuanlam ngai hmanga puan nawn theih tawh loh turin March 21 1977 chuan thu zial fel a ni.
Source:
The Times of India
The Hindu
thelogicalindia.com
Wikipedia–Emergency
The Indian Express
- Huna Kawlvawm