Sawrkar sum pûk leh a behbâwm

Sawrkar hian sum a pûk ṭhin chhan hi “pûk chak vang” hrim hrim aiin tih tur a tam vang leh, sawrkar inrelbâwlna atana sum mamawh a tam vang a ni ber a. Heng hmasawnna kawng hrang hrang, kawngpui ṭha, damdawiin, sikul, tui leh electric project te hi a sênso a sang duh em em a, Mizoram ang state tê tan chuan kum khat budget chauh chuan a daih lo nasa ṭhin hle a ni. Entirnan, National Highway siam nan 500 crore a ngai a, kum khat tax aṭanga lak theih chu 200 crore chauh ni se, a bak chu pûk a ngai ta ṭhin a ni.

Sawrkar hian sum hmuhna aiin hman chhuahna a ngah zawk tlangpui ṭhin a. Tax aṭanga sum lut zawng zawng hi 1,000 crore vel ni ta se, salary, pension, subsidy leh project hrang hrang atan 1,300 crore vel mamawh ta se la, a daih lohna 300 crore chu pûk a lo ngai ta a, chu chu fiscal deficit kan tih hi a ni. Hriat lawk loh harsatna leh buaina lo thleng, entirnan, Covid, African Swine Fever, Cyclones leh Refugee buaina angah te sawrkar sum neihsa chauh chuan a phuhru zo lo va, pûk loh chuan sawrkar tan chet ngaihna a awm lo a ni.

Sawrkarin sum a pûk hian investment anga ngaih a ni ṭhin a. Sawrkarin Bridge, airport, power project a siam chuan kum tam tak chhung hlâwkna a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin tuna sum pûk, nakina hlâwkna lo luanglut leh tur hmanga rulh hi sawrkar tih dan phung a ni a, entirnan SASCI angte pawh hi kum 50 hnua rulh leh tur a ni. Private company-in loan laa factory an din ang deuh hi a ni mai awm e.

Central sawrkar aṭanga kan sum dawn turte a khawtlai chang a awm ṭhin avangin keini ang state tê tan chuan hmasawnna hnathawh tam tak a khaihlak phah ṭhin a, hnathawh chhunzawm a nih theih nan sawrkarin a pûk lawk ṭhin a ni. Political pressure nasa tak avangin election dawnah subsidy, freebies, scheme thar tam tak a awm ṭhin a, mipuia an intiamna te tihlawhtling turin budget-in a daih lo ṭhin a, pûk lo thei lo dinhmunah sawrkar a tlu lut ṭhin bawk a ni.

Mizoram hian a sum pûk aṭangin kum tin 300-400 crore vel interest-ah a pe ṭhin a. Hei hi sikul leh damdawiin tihchangtlunna atana hman theih a ni. Sum pûk a tam lutuk chuan rulh nan puk leh a ngai ṭhin a, sum tam zawk interest rulh nan a kal avangin hmasawnna hnathawh hmuh tur a tlem phah ṭhin a ni. Mizoram sorkar leiba hi kum 2024-ah khan 13,000 crore dawn a tling tawh a, kan GDP nena khaikhin chuan 45% vel a ni. RBI-in 40% hnuailam hi him china a ngaih a ni a, a pawimawhna leh a hlauhawmna inkarah kan awm mek a ni. Sawi tak angin sawrkarin sum a puk chhan tam ber chu, nakina hlawkna lo luanglut leh tur beisei vang a ni a, mahse a tam lutuk erawh chuan hmalam hun atan phurrit a siam ve thei bawk a ni.

Mizoram sawrkar sum pûk hi eng atan nge hman a nih ber tih chu budget data leh RBI report aṭangte pawhin hmuh theihin a awm a. Interest payment hi kum 2025-ah 604.7 crore vel a ni a, budget 2024-25-ah salary leh wages-ah ringawt 4,373 crore vel a ni a, hei hi a chhan bulpui ber nia lang chu sum pûk hmanga sawrkar hnathawkte hlawh pek a ngaih chang a awm ṭhin vang a ni.

Sum pûk hmanga hmasawnna hnathawh hi 'capital expenditure' a ni a. Kum 2026 budget-ah capital expenditure chu Rs 2,235 crore a ni a. A tam ber chu heng sector hrang hrang Education, Health, Agriculture & Rural Development, Transport & Communication, Water Supply & Sanitation bakah Urban Development ah te a kal ral a ni. ZPM sorkar chuan kum 2024-2025 budget-ah, 100% central funding project chauh kan ti ang an ti a, Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI) aṭanga sum pûk 629 crore chu kum 2025 khan restricted tender hmangin project an pe a ni.

Power Sector lamah Power purchase bill rulh nan sum pûk hmangin leiba tam tak rulh ṭhen a ni a, kum 2024-2025-ah khan surcharge 3 crore vel zet Mizoram sawrkar chuan a hum theih phah a ni. Food subsidy-ah NFSA pawn lam tan kum 2024-2025 khan 20 crore vel zet sorkar chuan a hum thei bawk a, sawi tawh angin ruahman lawk loh harsatna hrang hrang lo thleng ASF, Covid leh Refugee puihnaah te sum pûk hi a kal ral ve bawk a ni. Sorkar hian sum pûk hmangin cooperative, farmer leh local body te hnenah loan a pe chhuak ṭhin bawk a, kum 2025-ah khan 18 crore vel loan & advance atan a pe chhuak a ni.

Sum pûk 45% vel hi hmasawnna hnathawh nan a kal lo va, interest, salary leh subsidy-ah te a kal tam zawk ṭhin avangin sorkar tan chuan “debt trap” hlauhna lian tak a awm ṭhin a. Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma pawhin kum 2024-2025 budget-ah khan, debt accumulation tih tlem a nih tur thu sawiin, kum 2025-2026 ah 697 crore vel zetin public debt tih hniam a nih tur thu a sawi a ni.

Financial year 2025-2026 estimate aṭangin debt to GDP ratio hi Mizoram leh state dangte dinhmun top 10 chin chauh han thlir thuak thuak ila:

Eng vangin nge Mizoram hi kan sân em em kan tih chuan, tax base a tlem a, industry lian kan nei lo va, GST leh Excise revenue aṭanga lakluh a tlêm vang a ni. Sawrkar hnathawk hlawh leh Pension hlawhah ringawt pawh budget aṭanga 60% vel zet a kal ral ṭhin a, central funding a innghat kan nih avangin central aṭanga sum kan dawn hun tih khawtlai chang a awm ṭhin avangin sum pûk hmanga hmasawnna hnathawh a ngaih chang a awm ṭhin a ni. Tin, tlâng ram chhengchhiaa cheng kan nih avangin thiltih a harsain engkim mai hi a to em em a, kawng siam, insak etc; te hi a hautak bik em em a ni. Debt-to-GDP in 40% a pelh chuan interest rulhnaah budget tam tak a kal ṭhin a, kum 2025-2026 ah hian interest 903 crore zet Mizoram sawrkar chuan a pek a ngai a ni.

ZPM sorkar hian Debt to GDP ratio hi tih hniam tumin tan a la nasa em em a, an sawrkar kum khat chhung chu Year of Consolidation-ah puangin, kum 2025-26 budget-ah pawh fiscal consolidation hi priority-ah an dah a ni. Engtin nge Mizoram sawrkar hian lei rem a rah leh theih ang tih chu ZPM sawrkar lungkham leh helhkham ber a ni a, Pu TBC Lalvenchhunga kaihhruaina hnuaiah Chief Minister chuan study team te pawh a din hial a ni.

Tuna ZPM sawrkar flagship pui ber Bana kaih Policy te pawh hi Policy ṭha tak a ni a, mahse leibat a tam em avangin lian zawk leh zau zawka kalpui a la harsa hrih hle niin a lang a, debt tih hniam hi zau zawk leh huapzo zawka flagship programme kalpui theihna tur a ni tih pawh Pu Lalduhoma kaihhruai ZPM sorkar hian a hrechiang hle a ni.

GST leh Tax Collection tih chak hi Mizoram revenue hnar lian ber pakhat a nih avangin a pawimawh hle a, mahse tunah hian siam ṭhat ngai pawp a tam hle a ni. E-way bill te hi khauh taka check ṭhin ni se, GST registration tih tam leh online payment tih chakte hi a pawimawh hle a ni. ZPM study team pawhin GST collection tih chak hi recommendation-ah a dah a, 1% chauha tih pun pawhin kum tinin 30-40 crore vel zet a pung thei a ni. Entirna'n, Assam chuan GST collection-ah 15% growth a nei ṭhin a, Mizoram pawhin hetiang hi a ti ve thei a ni.

Mizoram hi natural resource, culture leh climate ṭha nei kan ni a, Tourism, Handloom leh Horticulture export lamah hian kan ṭhangharh deuh deuh a pawimawh hle a. Tourism lamah Reiek, Phawngpui, Vantawng khawhthla etc, te hi ṭha taka promote chuan tourist hipna ṭha tak a ni thei a, chu chuan ken tel tam tak a neih dawn avangin eco-tourism hmangin sum tam tak kan la lut thei a ni. Horticulture lamah Passion fruit, chilli, ginger etc, te hi India ram khawpui hrang hrangah demand a sâng hle a, processing unit mumal taka siam chuan hausakpui tham khawp kan export thei reng a ni. Handloom lamah pawh Mizo puan, shawl te hi GI tag laa online hmanga hralh theih a ni a, hengte aṭang ringawt pawh hian kum tin 100 crore chuang a beisei theih a ni.

Natural Resources & Power Sector Monetize lamah te hian kan ṭhangharh a ṭul hle a, Tuirial, Kolodyne, Tuivai project te hi fully operate a nih chuan power surplus siam thei a ni. Quarry & Stone lamah te pawh hian PWD Schedule of Rates revision aṭangin royalty tihsân theih a ni a, Forest & Bamboo lamah ni se Bamboo policy ṭha tak hmangin furniture, charcoal bakah thil dang tam tak a siam chhuah theih a ni.

Mizoram budget 85% vel hi Central sorkarah a innghat a, revenue tihpun pawhin a nghawng a tlem em em a ni. Mahse, GST tihchak a, tourism export-te hi nasa zawka kalpui theih a nih chuan state-in a control theihna sum hi nasa takin a pung thei ang. Assam sorkarin GST collection a tihpun dante hi Mizoram tan pawh entawntlak tak a ni a, Assam GST Commisionerate chuan kum 2025-2026 khan Dedicated Data Analytics Wing leh Enforcement Unit dinin fake invoice, mismatch claim te an hmu chhuak a ni. Kum 2025-ah khan fake taxpayer 370 zet an man a ni. Enforcement Unit bikin inspection neiin case 131 an file hman a, heng zinga mi pangate chu thiamloh chantir an ni. Enforcement Unit hian FIR 70 zet thehlutin spot-ah 8.20 crore zet an hmu chhuak nghal a ni.

GST hnuaiah business thar register titam tura hmalak a pawimawh hle a, Assam-ah chuan Non-filer tracking system hmangin GST file lote an zawng chhuak ṭhin a ni. GST hman a nih hma kha chuan Assam sales tax hi 558.26 crore chauh a ni a, GST hman a nih hnuah erawh 7,097 crore zet a ni tawh a ni. Kum 2025-2026 chhung khan Assam sorkar chuan GST aṭangin 14,104 crore a lalut a, a sân ber ṭum a ni. Technology & E-governance kaihhnawih Land Customs Stations-ah te electronic facility dah hian, e-way bill check a tih awlsam bakah smugling venna ṭha tak a ni tel bawk.

Assam sorkar hi India rama GST Act hman remti hmasa ber an ni a, Assam sorkar anga hmalakna kalpui ve tur erawh chuan Political Will a ngai a, tax collection hi sorkar-in priority-a a dah ngai a ni. Mizoram study team pawhin Assam ang hian rawtna hrang hrang a lo thlen tawh a, chu'ng zingah chuan GST collection tih chak, DPR leh contractor profit deduction siam ṭhat leh Revenue leakage tur vênte a ni. Assam anga data analytics unit din hi Political will a awm chuan thil harsa a ni lo va, hei hian fake bill man chhuah kawngahte nasa takin a pui thei ang a, e-way bill te hi khauh taka check a nih chuan kum tin 30-50 crore vel a pung thei ang a, chu chu keini ang state lian lo leh central funding-a innghat tan chuan thil chhenfâkawm tak tur a ni ang.

- Sangtea Chhangte