HMEICHHE NIHNA

Hmeichhe nihna hi eng nge ni? Zawhna ho tê anga kan ngaih, zawh en pawha kan en loh, mahse, ngun taka ngaihtuah nawn fo ngai a ni. Mihring hi kan lo pianin kan pianphungah mipa leh hmeichhiaah kan inṭhen hrang a, chu kan inṭhen hranna chuan kan awm dan tur leh nun dan tura kan ngaih kan induan sak sa a. A dik alawm, mipa leh hmeichhia hi thil tam takah kan danglam a ni. Mipa hian testosterone an ngah bik a, hei hian an taksa len dan leh an chakna kawngah nasa takin a pui a. Hmeichhia erawh chuan estrogen leh progesterone an ngah thung. Hmeichhia chauhin nau an paiin nau an hring thei a, hei hi (biological) pianphunga danglamna lian tak a ni. A tlangpui thuin mipa hi taksa (muscle mass) leh ruh len danah an lianin an chak zawk tlangpui a. Hei hi nature (pianphung) hrim hrim a nih avangin kan inthlauhna leh danglamna hi hriatthiam a pawimawh. Chutihrualin, he danglamna hian eng awpbehna leh hnuaichhiahna nge a thlen tih erawh ngun taka ngaihtuah ngai a ni.

Khawvel chanchin kan thlir chuan, kum sang tam liam ta aṭang khan mipa hian rorelna leh hruaitu dinhmun an lo chelh nasat bik chhan pakhat chu physical strength a ni ngei mai. Hmanlai chuan nun khawchhuah nan sa pelh te, inrûn leh hmelma laka inven te a ngai ṭhin a. Taksa chakna (physical strength) leh ralthuam hman thiamna kha hruaitu nihna atana thil pawimawh ber a nih avangin mipa khan hma an lo hruai ṭhin a ni. He thahrui chakna vang hian khawtlang inrêlbâwlna hi mipa kuta awm tura duan (patriarchal system) a lo ni chho a. Ro chan chungchangah te, politics leh indonaah te mipain hma an hruai zel.

Tunlai khawvelah erawh chuan thahrui chakna aiin finna (intelligence), zirna (education) leh thiamna (skills) te hi hruaitu nihna atan a pawimawh tawh zawk a. Kan society leh kan nunphung chu hmasawnna hmangin nasa takin a danglam tawh a. Mahse, kan rilrua gender (mipa leh hmeichhia) chungchanga kan ngaihtuahna erawh hmanlai biological roles-ah khan a la tâng reng thung. Mihring hmasawnna hian khawvel a thlak danglam chak viau laiin, kan chhungrila rilru puthmang leh culture inthlak erawh a muang hle. Kan thiamna (intellect) hi hormone-a innghat a nih loh avangin mipa leh hmeichhia hi thutlukna siamnaah leh hruaitu nihnaah an inang reng a, mahse, kan ideas of gender mipa leh hmeichhia kan ngaih dan erawh kan la thlak hleithei lo a ni ber.

French philosopher lar tak Simone de Beauvoir-i'n hmeichhe nihna a sawi dan pawimawh tak mai chu a lehkhabu ‘The Second Sex’ (1949)-ah hetiang hian a ziak a: “Hmeichhia hi hmeichhia ni sain tu mah an piang lo, hmeichhe ni tura siam an ni zawk" (One is not born, but rather becomes a woman) a ti.

Han ngaihtuah mai chuan a va mak awm ve! Hmeichhe ni tawh sa hmeichhia ni turin a siam leh theih tawh chuang em ni? He thu hian a hrilhfiah tum ber chu, Beauvoir-i chuan tisa pianhmang (biology) hian hmeichhe nihna leh an dinhmun a bituk (determine) lo a tihna a ni. Hmeichhia an nih vanga mize nêm tak leh mi dang chunga innghat tura an awm ṭhin hi an pianpui ni loin, an seilenna khawtlang leh nunphungin chutiang ni tur chuan a siam zawk a ni, a ti. Hmeichhiate hi mi dang (the other) ang chauha hmuh ṭhin kan ni a ti a. Khawvel hian mipa hi subject (a titu leh a pawimawh ber) angin a ngai a, hmeichhia chu ‘the other’ (mi dang/mipa laka innghat leh mipa avanga awm ve chauh) angin a ngai a ni, a ti.

Mipa chu pumhlum/famkim an nih laiin, hmeichhia chu mipa laka teh chauhva awmze nei angin a sawi. Mipate chu an duhthlanna hmanga hmasawnna siamtu leh khawvel chher danglam thei (transcendence) anga ngaih an nih laiin, hmeichhiate chu in chhunga khung atan leh mi dang tana nung a, hmasawnna aia a ngai renga awm tur anga siam an ni, a ti. Hmeichhiate hian an nihna hi khawtlang siam chawp a ni tih hriain, chumi lak ata chu chhuakin, anmahni duhthlanna ngeiin an nihna an siam tur a ni tih a sawi bawk. A tawi zawngin, Simone de Beauvoir chuan hmeichhe nihna hi pianpui thil aiin, khawtlang nunphung leh zirna (socialization)-in a siam chawp a ni tih a sawi ber a ni.

Psychology leh sociology-ah chuan hei hi ‘Social Construction of Gender’ leh ‘Self-Fulfilling Prophecy’ an ti a. Kan in-socialize dan leh kan thil tih nawn reng (repetition) hian kan nihna a siam a. Mihring chu pianphungah kan danglam ngei a, mahse, khawtlang hian chu danglamna chu a let tam takin a tipung a ni. Thil pakhat hi vawi tam tak kan tih nawn a, kan sawi nawn chuan normal-ah a lo chang a. Mipate chauh roreltu (leader) atana kan dah tlat chuan, mipa naupangte chu hruaitu ni turin kan enkawl a, hmeichhe naupangte erawh mipa hnuaia awm turin kan zirtir thung. Chu chuan kan beisei ang chiah kha a takah a thlentir ta a ni.

Mipate chauh roreltu (decision maker) anga kan hmuh reng hian hmeichhia hruaitu han nih ve deuh hlek hian a dik lo emaw, a âwm lo emaw tiin kan rilruin a pawm hlei thei ṭhin lo. He normal kan tih hi thu dik (absolute truth) a ni lo a, kan thil tih nawn reng (habit) rah chhuah chauh a ni. Entirna atan, eirawngbawl hi I han hmang dawn teh ang. Hmeichhiate hi rawngbawl thiam saa piang an nih vang em ni, rawngbawl hi hmeichhe hnaa kan ngaih a, mipa aia thiam zawk tura kan ngaih. Hmeichhe naupang an nih lai aṭangin "Hmeichhia i ni a, ei rawngbawl hi i hna a ni," tia zirtir an nih vang chauh a ni. Hei hi ‘social conditioning’ kan tih kha a ni. In chhungah chuan rawngbawl hi hna (chore) anga ngaih a ni a, hlawh a awm lo a, zahawmna a keng hek lo. Hetah hian hmeichhia chu an tih tur anga dah an ni. Mahse, rawngbawl kha career leh business a lo nih a, hlawh leh hmingthanna a lo awm khan mipate an rawn inrawlh a. Chef thiam hmingthang tam zawk khawvel hriatte hi mipa an ni leh lawi si. Hei hian a tarlan chu, thil engpawh, sum leh hmingthanna leh thuneihna a tel tawh chuan mipate'n hmun pawimawh an chang tlat ṭhin a, hmeichhia erawh a hnuaihnung zawk leh in chhung khurah dah an ni thung. Ei rawngbawl hi genetics a nih lohzia chu, mipa tam tak chef hmingthang an nihna hian a tarlang. In chhung hna hian tangka hlutna leh zahawmna (status) a neih loh avangin hmeichhe hnaah kan ngai mai chauh a ni.

Hmeichhe nihna (femininity) leh mipa nihna (masculinity) kan hrilhfiah dan khawtlang siam chawp a nih tih kan hriatthiam chuan siamṭhat leh thlak danglam theih a ni tih kan hrethiam ang. Kan khawtlangin (rigida) khauh leh danglam thei lo taka kan ngaihte hi thlak danglam theih a ni tih kan hriatthiam chuan, ‘double standard’ mihring thuhmun, dinhmun thuhmun emaw, thil inang reng reng laka tehna hrang kan hmante hi kan ṭhiat thei ang a; heng tehnate hi kan nun honaa harsatna siamtu lian tak a ni.

Entirna han sawi ila. Tun thlengin khawtlangah hian hmeichhe thianghlimna chu hlu bik riau ang leh hmeichhe humsual daite kan hmuh tleu em em ṭhin laiin, mipaah chuan he tehna hian hmeichhiaa nghawng a neih tlukin a nei ve hauh lo. Hmeichhe tan chuan a hmeichhiatna vawn hi a zahawmna anga ngaiin, chu chu a hloh a nih chuan a hlutna bo angah kan ngai ṭhin. Hei hi Beauvoir-i sawi ‘objectification’ bungrua anga thlirna chu a ni. Hmeichhia chu mihring, mahni duhthlanna nei a nihna aia a taksa vanga teh a ni zawk.

Heng standard—te hi hmeichhe tih tur chauha bituk a nih hian, mipa chu an duh duh ti thei anga ngaihna a awm a, hei hian hmeichhe dinhmun a pawt hniam. Mipa pawh an taksa leh an rilru vawng thianghlim tur leh nungchang mawi nei turin kan zirtir ve a ngai a ni. Mipa nihna chu insûmtheihna (self-control) leh mi dang zahthiamna (respect) a ni tih hi hmeichhia kan zirtir tluk zetin kan inzirtir a ngai a, hemi tur chuan kan inzirtir dan kan her rem a ngai. Hmeichhe naupang hnena "I thianghlimna kha i zahawmna a ni," tih kan zirtir tluk zetin mipa naupang pawh kan zirtir ve a ngai a ni.

Khawtlangin "Hmeichhia chu hetiang tur" leh "Mipa chu hetiang tur" tia min phuar nan hian gender kan hmang a, he kan inthliarna, kan ngaihdan leh zirtirna hi kan thlak chuan mi tinin mipa kan nih vanga chak loh ngam loh te, hmeichhia kan nih vanga ngawi renga tawrh te a bo ang a; mahni nihna dik tak lan chhuahtir a awlsam phah ang. Mipa tam tak hian ‘mipa ka nih hi’ tih vanga an rilru hahna leh lungngaihna an thup ṭhin avangin depression leh suicide rate a sang em em a. Gender binary kan ṭhiah chuan mipa pawhin ṭah te, chak loh châng neih te leh rilru no neih te thil zahthlak a ni lo tih an hria ang a, rilru hrisel tak an neih phah ang.

Hna tam tak hi mipa hna leh hmeichhe hna tiin kan thliar ṭhin. He thliarna hi a bo chuan mi thiam tak takte an gender vangin an hna duhah an in- limit tawh lo ang. Entir nan, mipa inchhung enkawl thiam tak tak leh hmeichhe pastor ṭha tak tak tam tak an lo chhuak ang a, ram hmasawnna a chak phah ang. Inneihna leh inngaihzawnnaah ‘Mipa chuan pawisa a thawk chhuak tur a ni’ tih leh, ‘Hmeichhia chuan in chhung a enkawl tur a ni’ tih ang chite hi a bo ang a, inpuih tawnna dik tak a awm thei ang. Tu hi nge thuneitu zawk tih aiin, inzah tawnna a lian zawk ang. Naupangte’n an naupan têt aṭanga ‘Hei hi mipa thil, hei hi hmeichhe thil’ tia rilru zîm taka an ṭhan lenna tur a bo ang a, an thiamna leh an nihna dik tak zawng chhuak turin huaisenna an nei ang.

Tin, mipa naupangte kan zirtirnaah tu emaw duhthlanna zahsak hi mipa nihna zahawm a nihzia kan inzirtirin, hmeichhia hi thil (object) anga thlir lovin, amah ang chiaha rilru, duhthlanna leh beiseina nei mihring a ni tih hi an thinlungah kan tuh tur a ni. Mipa nihna chu tharum thawh leh hmeichhe chunga thuneihna lan chhuahtir a ni lo tih inzirtir a hun tawh. Mi dangte zah thiam, hmangaihna leh lainatna lantir ngam mipa hi mipa zahawm an nihzia uar taka inzirtir a hun.

Hmeichhe chunga pawngsualna emaw, hleilenna emaw thleng hi a inthuamna emaw, zanrei taka a chhuah vang tia thu kan tihtluk mai ṭhinte pawh hi kan inenfiah a ngai. Hmeichhia, naupang tê tak tê aṭanga upa lam thleng, hetiang hian an chungah a thleng ve tho a ni, tin, mipa ngeite pawn an tawk fo. Chuvangin, inthuamna hi chhan a ni lo tih leh, a chhan dik tak chu mipa ṭhenkhatin hmeichhia hi mihring, rilru leh nihna nei anga thlir lovin, thil (object) anga an thlir vang a ni. Hmeichhia kha an châkna hrîkthlakna atana hmanrua anga an ngaih tlat avangin hmeichhe zahawmna leh an duhthlanna an zah lo a ni. Khawi hmunah pawh, eng hunah pawh hmeichhia chu chhuak se, a chunga thil ṭha lo a thlenin a thlentirtu (perpetrator) kha a ni thiam lo zawk chu. Zan reia chhuah vang tih hi a sual titu thiam lohna thupna mai a ni.

Khawtlang hi hmeichhiate tana him tura siam chu mipate mawhphurhna a ni ve bawk. Hmeichhia inthuam dan leh a chet dan kan thunun tum tlat hian mipa insûm thei lo leh mahni rilru thunun thei lo te kan chhan tihna a ni. Mipa chu an duhthlanna leh an thiltihah mawhphurhna la tur leh hmeichhia chu object anga thlir lo turin zirtir zawk tur an ni. Chuvangin, hmeichhe chunga hleilenna thlen chhan chu hmeichhe inthuam danah ni lovin, a sual titu mipa rilru sûkthlêk dik lo leh hmeichhia mihring anga a zah loh vang zawk a ni. Mipa kan zirtirna hi a ṭhat tâwk chuan hmeichhiate’n hlauhna leh venthawnna tel lovin zalen takin an nun an hmang thei tawh ang.

Mipa hi subject pawimawh bera kan dahna leh hmeichhia chu mipa laka innghat leh mipa vanga nihna (identity) nei anga kan thlirna hi kan dahṭhat a, hmeichhia hi mipa tel lova nihna pumhlûm nei thei, ama duhthlanna nei thei a ni ve tho tih hi kan pawm thiam a ṭul tawh. Hmeichhe nihna kan tih tam tak an mizia, an chet dan leh nun dan turte hi an pianpui a ni lo va; naupan têt aṭanga khawtlang leh chhungkuain an zirtir leh an beisei avanga chher chhuah an ni zawk, tih ngaihdan hi kan hriatthiam a, hmeichhiate hi anmahni duhthlanna hmanga an nun kaihruai a, mihring an nihna anga zalenna nei an ni tih leh, khawtlangin a bituk piah lamah mahni duhthlanna nena zalen taka nung tur an ni tih hi a kan hriata kan inzirtir nasat a ṭul tawh hle. Hei hian mipa leh hmeichhe nihna ṭhiah ahnêkin mipa leh hmeichhe nihna vanga limitation leh pressure kan siamte hi a ṭhiat ang a, mi tinte hi mihring kan nihna anga kan indin tharna hmun nuam zawk a thlen dawn a ni.

- Lalmuanpuii Hauhnar