BIRTH CERTIFICATE-A HMING THLAK LEH HMING DIK LO SIAMṬHAT CHUNGCHANG

He chanchinbu advertisement column-ah ‘HMINGTHLAKNA’ tiin, “Kei, K.Kuma hian ka Voter ID No. ********* a ka hming K.Kumar tih chu Magistrate remtihpuinain K. Kuma tiin ka thlak e,” tih leh, “Kei Main Uddin Bawhia s/o Kutub Ali B hian sorkara ka service ah leh document ah ka hming a inloh avangin Magistrate remtihnain Lalrinawma s/o Nunnema tih in ka thlak e,” tih lo chhuak kha kan lo hmu ṭheuhin ka ring a. Birth certificate-a hming siamṭhat leh hming thlak chungchang Dan hi sawi zau a fuhin a lang. Piang leh thi ziah luhna dan ‘The Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969’ (a Dan), Mizoram Rules leh Court thutlukna aṭanga chhuiin kan ziak dawn a ni.

The Mizoram Registration of Births and Deaths Rules, 1978 chuan piang leh thi ziah luh hun hi pian/thih ni aṭanga ni 20 chhunga tih tur a ni a ti a. Ni 20 chhunga ziak lut hman lote chuan a Danpui, The Registration of Births and Deaths Act-a Section 13-in a sawi angin ziah luh tur a ni. Ni 20 a pelh hnu, mahse, ni 30 chhung chuan late fee pein ziah luh mai theih a ni a. Ni 30 pel si, kum khat pel si loah chuan ziaka thuneitu phalna bakah, fee pekte leh affidavit–Notary Public-in emaw sorkarin sign tura a ruat sign–hmangin ziah luh leh theih a ni.

Mizoram Rules-ah hian thuneitu a tih hi Addl. Chief Registrar (Aizawl)/ Asst. District Registrar (district dangah) an ni. Kum 1 a pelh tawh chuan Magistrate phalna order lo chuan a ziah luh theih loh thung. Heta Magistrate a tih hi a Dan kum 2023-a an siamthat (amendment) hma kha chuan Judicial Magistrate First Class a sawina a ni a. Kum 2023-a Dan an siamthat hnuah erawh chuan Executive Magistrate (Cr.PC/BNSS hmanga appoint te) sawina a ni tawh thung.

Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969 Section 15 chuan birth/death register-a entry dik lo siamthat emaw, cancel emaw theihna a sawi a, Registrar thuneihna a pe a ni. Registrar-in tih dik loh emaw, tihsual a awm ngei nia a hriat chuan, siamthat emaw, cancel emaw a ti thei a. Chhut sual te emaw, inbumna avanga ziah luh dik loh te, leh thil dik tawk lo avanga ziah sual vangtein Dan leh Rules-in a phal angin correction a siam thei a, a cancel thei bawk. Correction emaw, cancel emaw a ni (date) ziak langin Register-ah chiang takin a ziah lan tur a ni. He Dan hnuaiah hian hming thlak hlak te, nu/pa te hming thlak hlak theihna bung leh chang a awm lo.

Birth certificate-a hming thlak (change of name) emaw, hming dik lo siamthat (correction of name) emaw hi affidavit, Judicial Magistrate hmaa sign chauh Economics & Statistics Department hian an pawm a ni, tiin, affidavit an siamtir fo mai a. Ni 29.4.2019-a ‘18th Inter-Departmental Co-Ordination Committee Meeting on Civil Registration System of Births & Deaths’ Aijal Club-a neih chuan, ‘Deed of Change of Name’ hi Judicial Magistrate-in a issue hi pawm a ni a, Notary Public-in a issue erawh pawm theih a ni lo ang tiin a rel.

Affidavit hi a hming neituin Magistrate hmaa thutiam a va lakna mai a ni a, Judicial Order anga ngaih tur a ni lo. Affidavit hrim hrim hi a sign-tu Notary Public emaw, Judicial Magistrate First Class a ni emaw, hian a chhunga thu awm kha a hriatpui a, a dik vek e, a tihna a ni lo. Affidavit siamtu khan ‘Heng thute hi Magistrate hmaah chhechhamin ka puang e’ a tihna mai a ni a. A lo sign-tu khan, ‘Ka hmaah thu a rawn chham e’ tiin a lo sign mai a ni. Chutiangin, ‘Deed’ chu miin dan anga a thil tih a nemnghehna document a ni a, Affidavit erawh chu miin thu emaw, thil emaw a dik e tih oath/affirmation hmanga a puanna a ni. Deed phei hi chu a chhung thu azirin sorkara ziah luh thlap ngai te a awm a. Magistrate hriatpuina leh a thu tihchhuah a ni lo tih hi hriat a pawimawh hle mai. Magistrate leh Notary Public hian Deed engmah an issue ngai lo tih pawh hi hre ta ila a tha awm e.

Sorkar hnathawk bikah chuan, FR 56, Note 6., FR&SR-in a sawi angin, sorkar record-ah ziah luh dik loh siamthat theih a ni a, amaherawhchu, sorkar hna a thawh aṭanga kum 5 chhungin siamṭhat ngai chu siamṭhat tur a ni. Hming thlak tur chuan ‘Deed of Changing Name’ mi pahnihin an hriatpuina, Notary Public sign hnan hmangin siam tur a ni a, heihi chanchinbuah chhuah lehin, sorkar gazette-ah chhuah leh tur a ni.

Hemi zulzui hian Mizoram sorkar pawhin No.A.47012/1/2016-P&AR(GSW) Dt. 17th January, 2017 khan Office Memorandum kum 1987 12th March-a chhuah tawh nemnghehna leh a kalphung awlsam zawk siam nan a chhuah a. He Office Memorandum-ah hi chuan Deed of Changing Name-ah hian Magistrate hmaa sign kher emaw, Notary Public hmaa sign kher phût a ni lo va, hming thlak duhtu leh thuhretu pahnih hming sign chauh a ngai a ni. Hemi hming thlakna kalphung hi sorkar hnathawk loah pawh kan hmang ve tho niin a lang.

Notary public hi sorkarin ‘legal document’ eng pawh sign thei tura a ruatte an ni a. Notary public sign lo pawm duh loh ringawt pawh hi, sorkar department vêkin sorkar mi ruat a hnâwlna anga ngaih theih a ni. A danah pawh notary public hmaa affidavit siam hi a pawmpui a ni. Danin a sawi dan ni lo deuha phût neih tlat te hi mipui tana harsatna siamna a ni a, ngaihtuah ṭhat a ṭul hle mai. Khi sorkar hnathawk hming thlakna kalphung kan sawi ang thoa mipuite pawh kalpui kan nih si chuan, kan entawnin notary public a phal laia judicial magistrate chauh pawm pawh hi thil felhlel deuh a ni.

Mi tu pawh hian kan hming duh zawng chu kan pu thei teh meuh mai, amaherawhchu, a ken tel hnam hamṭhatna duh vanga hming thlak te hi awm thei a nih avangin danin a sawi ang bak ni lo leh affidavit avanga court thutlukna emaw tih a, lo pawm mai hi a fuh lo thei viau a ni. A hming putu ni lo chuan mi dang hming kan thlaksak ve ngawt thei lo tih te pawh hi hre ta ila a fuh awm e.

Kalphunga kan neih mekah chuan correction siam tum te Judicial Magistrate hmaa affidavit sign loh chuan a theih loh tiin Court-ah siamthat diltute tirh zel an ni a. A dan leh Mizoram Rules ngei en pawhin correction hi Registrar thuneihna a ni a, affidavit hi a phût tel lo a ni. A chunga meeting minute kan tarlan khi rin tur a nih pawhin hming thlakna atan chauh a ni, siamṭhatna tur ni loin. Danin a sawi pêlin administrative department hian thutlukna a siam thei lo a; rules pawh a lo chhuahna dan kalhin siam theih a ni lo. Hming siamṭhat, thumal emaw, hnam a lamtawia dah te, etc. siam remna atana Judicial Magistrate sign kher affidavit phut hi danah a in ziak lo a ni.

Supreme Court-in Jigya Yadav v. CBSE (2021)-ah correction leh change hi a danglam tih chiang takin a sawi a. Miin hming thlak theihna (right to identity) nei mah se, affidavit siam ringawt chuan birth register-a original entry kha error-ah a chantir nghal lo a ti.

Section 15 chungchangah hian Gauhati High Court chuan tun hnai mai August 5, 2026-a Abdul Karim & Anr. v. State of Assam & Ors. WP(C)/4932/2025-a thutlukna a tihchhuahah chuan, Section 15 hnuaia correction/cancellation power chu Registrar hnena dah a ni tih a sawi. Registrar-in evidence leh document hrang hrangte a en hnuah, dik lo a awm ngei a nih tih a hmuh chuan, a ziah luh chu erroneous emaw, fraudulent emaw, improper emaw a ni tih thutlukna a siam tur a ni. High Court chuan Registrar-in Section 15 hnuaia a hna a thawh hi quasi-judicial function a ni tih pawh a sawi.

Hming thlak chungchang hi identity verification nen hriat pawlh loh a pawimawh hle mai. Miin Mizo hming a put avang ringawtin danin Mizo nihna/status a pe nghal lo a. Chutiang bawkin Indian hming ang a put emaw, affidavit-a hming a thlak emaw avangin Indian citizenship a nei nghal lo. Citizenship leh tribal/community status te chu anmahni enkawltu dan leh thuneituin a teh tur a ni. Birth certificate-a hming thlakna affidavit chu citizenship emaw, community/tribal status emaw finfiahna, judicial order anga hman a nih chuan harsatna lian tak a thlen thei. A bik takin affidavit-a judicial magistrate signature awm avanga ‘Court phalna’ emaw, ‘Magistrate pawmpui’ emaw tia kan ngai a nih chuan, ngaihdan dik lo a ni.

Judicial magistrate hmaa affidavit siamtir a nih pawhin, chu affidavit chu supporting declaration ang chauha ngaih tur a ni a; judicial magistrate ‘approval’, ‘identity verification’, emaw ‘correction order’ emaw anga ngaih tur a ni lo.

Danin a sawi dan piah lama thil kalpui hi a mamawhtute tan ṭul lova sum senna a nih bakah, dan hriat loh vanga bawhchhiatna pawi tak a thleng thei a. Kalphunga kan neih mek hi danin a sawi dan a ni lo a, a him loh avangin siamṭhat thuai a ṭha hle mai.

- Pari Fanai, LLM