ILP LEH A CHHEHVEL

July 31, 2026-a Mizoram Law College Fresher’s Social a hmanpuinaa Chief Minister Pu Lalduhoma thusawi khan sawi zui a hlawh ang reng viau mai a. Inner Line Permit (ILP) leh Memorandum of Settlement, 1986 chungchang a sawi dan kha eptu party lam khan an helh deuh a ni. Congress Ṭhalai chuan Vanapa Hall kawtah CM thlalak lian tak chu elsên nan pawnfèn an fèntir a, MNF party pawhin Chief Minister chu ngaihdam dil tur leh a thusawi sût turin an phût bawk a nih kha.

ILP chungchang hi MNF leh sawrkar laipui inremna, Peace Accord, 1986-ah khan bilh tel a ni a, hei vang hian MNF party hian CM thusawi hi an lak nat phah deuh pawh a ni mahna. ILP chungchang hi Peace Accord, 1986-ah ziah lan ni mah se, kan hman ṭanna chu a rei tawh hle a, British-in Mizoram min awp hma aṭang hauhin he dan hi Mizoramah hman ṭan a lo ni tawh a ni.

Kum zabi 19-na tìr lamah khan British chuan Bengal chhak lam, Assam leh Cachar phai lamah huang an zauh chho zel a, kum 1824 leh 1874 inkar (kum 50 chhung) khan Assam chu Bengal province-ah an behtir a, kum 1874-ah Assam chu Bengal province aṭanga la hrangin Assam province a piang ve ta a ni. Kum 1875-ah British sawrkar chuan Cachar district chhim lam, Lushai hill leh Assam province inrina chu Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873 tlawhchhanin ramri a khamsak a, Gazette-ah tihchhuah a ni. Ramri chhinchhiahna (boundary pillar) pawh lung 46 phun a ni nghe nghe. Inner line paltlanga Lushai Hills lama lut tur chuan mi pakhatah anna 8 chawia phalna lak a ngai. Hemi chungchang hi Assam Government Notes on the Lushai, 1873-1889, paragraph 86-ah heti hian a inziak a: “The Southern boundary of the Cachar District was defined and gazette under Inner Line Regulation in August 1875 and is now marked by 46 boundary pillars, which are inspected nearly every year and kept in good order. A pass is granted to persons allowed to cross the Inner Line at a fee of 8 annas for each pass,” tiin.

British-in Lushai Hills-a a duh nazawng luh phal lohna dan Inner Line Regulation, 1875 min siamsak hi a lawmawm khawp mai. A hnu zelah pawh he Inner Line Regulation hi kan ṭangkaipuiin, kan hnam him nan kawng ro a su tak zet a ni. Hetiang humhalhna dan nei ve lo Tripura rama ram leilung fate chu tunah chuan an ralthûm titih tawh a, chutiang bawkin Cachari ho pawh Bengali hoin an chîmral titih tawh a ni. British hun lai 1921 chhiarpuiah khan Cachar district-ah hian tribal Cachari ho chu an la tam zawk fe a, tunah chuan Cachari te chu tihtham an awm ta lo. Keini Zo fate pawh hi British hun lai aṭang khan ILP hmanga ven him ni ta lo ila, tuna Cachari leh Tripuri dinhmun ang lekah hian kan ding ve mai thei a ni.

British-in Inner Line Regulation hmanga venhimna dan min siamsak kha kan hmakhua an ngaih vang hrim hrim nge, an hmakhua an ngaih vang zawk? British kha hnam fing hmasa an ni a, an ropui vanglai chuan ram ni tla sêng loa roreltu an ni. Ram tereuhtêin an let eng emaw zata lian zawk India ram kha kum 200 dawn min awp thei tlat a ni. Hei ringawt pawh hian an finzia leh an thil tih theihzia chu a tichiang mai awm e. India ram an awp laia an thil ṭha tih tam tak – hmun tin dâpa rêl kawng an sial te, zirna (western education) bul an ṭan te, India ram pum huap pawl hmasa ber INC (Indian National Congress) dinna kawnga an hmalakna zawng zawng te kha India mite an hmangaihna vang ai mahin, a phênah khan anmahni hlâwkna tur leh hamṭhatna tur a inbilh tel zel zawk a ni. Hetiang ngaihtuah chuan, ILP hmanga venhimna min pek pawh kha kan hmakhua an ngaih vang hrim hrim aiin, anmahni ṭhatna tur kha an dah lian zawk ang tih a rin theih.

A dik tak chuan Lushai Hill tlang ram, khâm leh suar tam tak awmna, thingpui huan siamna tur phaizawl pharh zau ṭha pawh awm bawk si lo, leilung hausakna lama chhenfakawm awm bawk si lo Lushai Hills kha min awp châk lem lo. Chuvangin, a tirah chuan min awp tumna an nei lem lo a, kan lakah khan ‘Non-Intervention Policy’ an kalpui rêng bawk a ni. An mi leh sate’n kan huang an dai loh nan pelh phal loh chin ramri, Inner Line pawh mumal takin an kham ta rêng a ni.

Han péng lawk ila, Cachar nena kan inrina boundary line mumal tak an siam hnu khan kum 1878, October 17-ah British sawrkar chuan Inner Line chhim lam Lushai Hill huam chhung square mile 509 zeta zau chu Inner Line Forest Reserve-ah a puang a, he forest reserve hi khatihlaia Lushai Hills huam chhunga awm a ni. Tin, Assam Gazette Notification dated 17th October 1878-ah leh Assam Forest Manual, 1897 page 57-naah pawh he Inner Line Forest ram zau tak hi Lushai territory a nih thu chiang taka tarlan a ni bawk.

Lushai Hills leh Cachar inramrina (Inner Line) chu indo nuam ti tak kan pi leh pute chuan palzûtin Chachar phaitual leh thingpui huante chu an zuk rûn leh ṭhin a. A tawpah British chuan Lusei/Mizote hi khapbeh mi an ni lo ve, a awpa awp beh law law an ṭul a nih hi, tiin kum 1889-90 ah chuan kan ramah ṭhuang thumin sipai bubit a rawn tir lut ta rup mai a, he military expedition hi ‘Vailen Vawi Hnihna’ tia hriat a ni. Heta ṭang hian British chuan kan ram chu chhuahsan loin India independent thleng khan min awp zui ta a. Chhim lamah ‘Ford Lunglei’ leh hmar lamah ‘Ford Aizawl’ dinin, sipai chakna hmangin an thuam nghet ta sauh sauh mai a ni.

A tirah chuan Lusai Hills chu South Lushai Hills leh North Lushai Hills-ah an ṭhen a. South Lushai Hills chu Bengal province-ah an behtir a, CS Murray chu South Lushai Hill Superintendent-ah an dah a. North Lushai Hills chu Assam province-ah an behtir a, Capt. Herbert Browne chu a awp turin Political Officer-ah an ruat a. Kum 1898-ah South Lushai Hills leh North Lushai Hills chu suihfinin, Lushai Hills District a lo piang ta a, Assam province-ah behtir a ni a; Lushai Hills District Superintendent hmasa ber chu Maj. J Shakespeare a ni. British-ina min awp chhung zawng leh Assam province hnuaia district kan nih chhung zawng khan kan ramah ILP hi hman chhunzawm zel a ni.

Kum 1947-ah India chu kan independent ta a. Kan ram inrêlbâwlna dan (constitution) chu Dr. BR Ambedkar-a chairman-na hnuaiah Constitution Drafting Committee chuan a duang ta char char a. Chu Dan duan chhuah (Draft Constitution) chu Constituent Assembly-ah sawi ho a ni leh a. Constituent Assembly-a member ṭhenkhat chuan keini tribal-te inhungbikna dan Inner Line Regulation chu tihtawp an duh a, “Free India kan ni tawh a, India ram ṭheuh ṭheuh, hmun ṭhenkhat awlsam taka tlawhpawh theih a nih laia hmun ṭhenkhat thlawh tura phalna (permit) lak ngai bik hi a fel lo,” an ti a ni. Amaherawhchu, constitution duanna kawnga an khaipa ber Dr. Ambedkar-a te, JM Nichols Roy leh mi dang tam takin ILP chu hman chhunzawm an duh thung. Chuvang chuan, Lushai Hills, Naga Hills leh NEFA (tuna Arunachal Pradesh)-ah te chuan hman chhunzawm zel a ni ta zawk a. Tunah chuan Manipur-ah pawh kum 2019 aṭang khan he dan hi hman a ni ve leh ta bawk.

Kum 1994 July 19-ah khatihlaia Union Home Minister SB Chavan chuan North East India-a chief minister-te chu Delhi-ah meeting a neihpui a, chuta an thu khel ber pakhat chu ILP hlih chungchang a ni. Khatihlai kha India sawrkarin India ram economy sâwi danglam dâwrh khawp Economic Policy thar, LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) a kalpui chhoh ṭan lai a ni a. Chutiang a nih mek laia ram chhung hmun ṭhenkhata inhumhalh bikna dan ILP leh Restricted Area Permit lo neih bik kha sawrkar laipui khan hnawk a ti a, paih bo vek a duh a ni. Amaherawhchu, Mizoram sawrkar chuan he thil hi na takin a dodal nghal a, August 26, 1994-ah ILP chungchang sawi ho turin Mizoram Legislative Assembly emergency session koh a ni a. Pu J Lalsangzuala, Home Minister chuan ILP hlih tumna leh Union Home Minister thusawi duh lohna Resolution chu House-ah a pu lut a, Assembly House chuan he resolution hi lungrual takin a pass a, mipui pawhin kan MLA-te hmalakna hi kan thlawp ṭha hle. Hetianga Mizo mipuite’n thâwm kan neih tak hlut avang hian ILP hlih tumna boruak pawh a dai chho leh ta a ni.

Tun hnaiah Mizoram Chief Minister-in ILP hi fimkhur taka kan hman loh chuan Court-ah min khing thei a, Central sawrkarin a duh chuan min hlihsak daih thei, tia a sawi avangin ILP chungchang hian sawi a hlawh thar leh a. Engpawhnise, venhim ngai bik, a bika humhalh ngai bik, ILP tel loa derthâwng riaua inhriatna rilru hi engtikah nge kan ṭhansan theih ang le?

Central zém zena châwmhlâwm state kan nih chhung chu derthâwng riaua inhriatna rilru hian min kiansan tak tak dawn lo niin a lang. Kan mamawh zualpui, ei leh bar thawh chhuah kawngahte tal hian intodelh ila, mahni inrintawkna kan nei deuh mahna. Châwmhlâwm state kan nih chhung chu ILP sawi rîk apiangin kan phu deuh suau zel ang a, hlauthawngin kan tang deuh hrú zel ang. Ei leh bara kan intodelh hun tur leh ILP ṭul ti lo khawpa Sappui nun ngai loa kan lên hun tur hi a nghahhlelhawm tawh mang e. Chu ngei chu a ni dawn lawm ni, an sawi ‘Zoram thar’ chu.

References:

Hluna, J.V., Theihtawp Chhuahin, Aizawl, 2021.

Ruala, C.L., Kan Sulhnu, Aizawl, 2023.

Lalkhama IAS (Rtd.), Zoram Thirna, Aizawl, 2023

Malsawmdawngliana & Rohmingmawii, Mizo Narratives: Accounts from Mizoram, Guwahati, 2015.

Lalhmingthanga & Hluna, J.V., Problem of Peace Making in Mizoram, New Delhi, 2013.

- Dr. K Lalrinchhana