SAWRKAR LAIPUI BUDGET 2020-21 IN BEISEI A PHA LO EM NI?

February 1, 2020 a Parliament-a pharh tak Sawrkar Laipui Budget 2020 khan nghaihven a hlawh hle a. A chhan chu Indian economy ṭhanna tla hniam mek chhan chhuah nan ruahmanna ṭha a awm dawn em? tih mi ten an ngaihven vang a ni. 

Sawrkar Budget hi sawrkar sum hman ral tur leh sum hmuh dan tur ruahmanna satliah ni mai lovin, ram hmasawn nana sawrkar ruahmanna (development policy) tarlangtu a nih avangin politician te bakah, sumdawngtu te, thil siamtu te, lo neitu leh ei zawnna hrang hrang thawkten an ngaihven hle ṭhin. 

Khawvela ei leh bar, sum leh pai deh chhuah kawnga ṭhang chak ber ni ṭhin kha kum 2019-20 chhung hian kum dang zawng aiin India ram ṭhan chak zawng a tla hniam a. Kum 2019-20 chhunga India economy ṭhan chak zawng hi zaa 5 vel ni tura chhut a ni. Kum 2018-19 lama ṭhan chak zawng zaa 6.1 hi a pha lo hle dawn a ni. Thla thum bia ṭhan chak zawng chu pawh tla hniam zelin - April - June 2019 chhungin zaa 5.1 chak ṭhang thei kha July - September ṭhan chak zawng hi zaa 4.5 chauh a ni. Indian economy ṭhan chak zawng hi tla hniam zel tura ngaih a ni bawk. Hetiang hi India ram economy nihphung a nih tak avangin India ram hian ei leh bar, sum leh pai deh chhuahna lamah hun khirh tak a hma chhawn mek a ni. 

Mipui vantlang kuta sum lut leh chhuak a tlem tial tial a; bungrua leh lirthei lam zuartu/ siamtuten an hralh theih lova. Thil siamtuten hma thar an la ngam lova; Bank lamin leiba nghet (non-performing asset) an nghah avangin loan an pe chhuak tam ngam lova. Thil thawn chhuahna lam a tla hniam mek bawk. USA leh China insumdawnna lama innghirnghona avang te, Middle East Politics boruak chhe lutuk avang te, natna hlauhawm, tihdam theih loh leng mek (coronoravirus) avang tein khawvel insumdawnna lamah ‘hma lam eng’ a awm lo bawk. Hetiang boruak karah kum thar budget hian India ram economy tla hniam mek chhan chhuah nan ruahmanna ṭha tawk a nei em? tih kan thlir dawn a ni.

 

Sawrkar laipui Budget 2020-21-ah hian hriselna lam te, zirna lam te, loneihna leh thingtlang hmasawnna lamah te chak zawka kal tum a ni. Lo neihna leh thingtlang hmasawn nan kawng hrang 16-ah nasa leh zuala ṭan lak tum a ni. Hei bakah thil siamna lam te, hmasawnna ruhrel siamna lam leh data management lamah te chak taka hma lak tum a ni bawk. Vantlang hamṭhatna lam te, hmun hlui humhalh leh zin mite hipna te, boruak thianghlim leh sik leh sa humhalhna kawngah hma lak a ni bawk ang. 

Rorelna dik leh thianghlim, eirukna laka fihlim, policy mumal tak nei leh sawrkar rin ngam leh innghahna tlak siam a ni bawk ang. Ram pum huapa hna lakna (National Recruitment Agency) din a ni ang a; computer hmanga exam-na (online Common Eligibility Test), Non-Gazetted post tan ram pum huapin neih ṭhin a ni ang. District tinah exam-na hmun siam a ni ang. Heng bakah sumdawnna thubuai remna tihphuisui leh Contract Act chak zawka kalpui tum a ni bawk. Statistics ṭha leh rintlak sawrkarin a neih theih nan National Policy on Official Statistics ruahman a ni a; tunlai thiamna, khawl thluak nei changkang ber chi Artificial Intelligence (AI) hmanga kalpui a ni ang. 

India ram hi Federal sawrkar a ni a, Danpui hnuaiah sawrkar laipui leh state sawrkar chanvo siamfel a ni. Sawrkar laipui mawhphurhna chu ram pum huap ngelnghehna lam te, thil man sang tur ven te, hna thawhna tur siam te, ei leh bar ṭhanna tihchak te, thawn chhuah leh lak luh lam buaipuite a ni. Kum thar budget-a hmasawnna hna thawh tur tam ber lo lang hi state sawrkar mawhphurhna a ni a; sawrkar laipui leh state sawrkar ṭang duna tihpuitlin tur a ni. Hetiang a nih avangin kum 2020-21 budget-ah hian India ram pum huap ngelnghehna leh economy ṭhan tichak zawnga hmalakna ṭha tawk a awm loa ngaih a ni. Mi rethei pual sum dah tla hniam mek te, banking sector lama beiseina thar awm lo te, sawrkar sum hmuh tla hniam zel te, sawrkar sum puk sang zel te hian Indian economy ngelnghehna a tichhe meka ngaih a ni. 

Ram pum huapa economy tla hniam mek chhan chhuah nana pawimawh tak pakhat chu mipui kuta sum lut leh chhuak tihpun a ni. Hemi atana kawng awlsam ber chu sawrkar laipui scheme, ni za inhlawhna, MGNREGS hnuaia sum tam zawk ruahman a ni. Budget 2020-21 a sawisel hlawh ber pakhat chu ni

za inhlawhna- mi retheite inhlawhfakna atana sum dah a tla hniam ta mai hi a ni. Tun hnaia India ram harsatna lian tak pakhat chu thingtlang leh khawpuia chengten hnathawh tur an nei lo hi a ni. 

Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-in a tarlan angin hna thawh tur nei lo hi ram pum huapin za 8.3 lai a ni; hei hi tun hnai kum 40 chhunga a san ber ṭum a la ni. Thingtlang mipui, khawsak harsa tak takte kuta sum lut tlem tial tial hian ram pum chhiatna a thlen mek a, a chhan chu ram pum huap sum hman ral (aggregate demand) a sang thei lo. India ram economy ṭhanna tla hniam mek siam ṭhat nana pawimawh ber chu mi rethei kuta sum tam zawk a luh thei nan hna tawh tur/ inhlawhfakna siam sak vat vat a ni. 

Table-a tarlan ang hian budget sum hman ral/ ruahman pumpui aṭanga chhutin thingtlang hmasawnna atana sum ruahman zawi zawiin a tla hniam mek a ni. Kum 2018-19 khan sum hman ral zawng zawng aṭanga chhutin MGNREGS atan zaa 2.67 hi hman a ni a; kum 2020-21 (BE) ah chuan zaa 2.02 chauh ruahman a ni ta. NSAP leh NRLM hnuaia sum dah pawh a tla hniam mek a ni. 

Thingtlang lama chengte khawsak rel a harsa tial tial a. Ei tur tuihna ṭha zawk an mamawh laiin an thla tin sum hman ral a tla hniam mek a ni. 

Hei hi a chhan chu thil man sang zel milin nitin inhlawhfakna man a san tawk loh vang a ni. Sawrkar survey-in a tarlan danin kum 2011-12 khan thingtlanga cheng mi pakhat hisapa thla khat sum hman ral (Monthly Per Capita Expenditure - MPCE) chu Rs 1217 a ni a; kum 2017-18 ah chuan Rs 1110 chauh a ni ta. Cheng za hisap aṭanga chhutin cheng 9 zelin a tla hniam tihna a ni. Hetiang hi India mipui tam berte dinhmun a nih laiin sawrkar laipui hmalakna pawimawh bik (flagship programme) ah Budget sum a tlem zawnga dah hi a pawi hle. 

Income tax pek dan chi hnih- pek ngai zat tihhniam leh kalphung awm sa hman zui zel theihin duan a ni. Chhiah rate hrang paruk lai awm tura duan a ni. Ruahmanna thar hi, sawrkar lam ngaihdan chuan, chhiah petute awlsam nan leh chhiah petuten an sum lak luhte an duh anga hman ral leh khawl theihna remchang siam sak a ni. India ramah income tax pe theih chin hi mipui zaa 7.5 vel chauh an ni a. Income tax pe pha chin tam ber hi chuan sum khawl lam an uar vangin hman ral lam (aggregate demand) tipung tura ngaih a ni lo. Kum 2019 September thla khan thil siamtute tihphurh nan Corporate income tax nasa taka tihhniam a lo ni tawh bawk. Hei vang hian sawrkar laipui chuan sum tam tak a chan a, India ramin sum leh pai tam zawk (revenue) a mamawh laia chhiah rate tihhniam hi a hun lo hlea ngaih a ni. 

Industry tenau (MSME) lam humhim nan ram dang aṭanga bungraw lak luh aṭangin chhiah sang zawk lak tum a ni bawk. Hetiang hi ṭha hle mah se hun lokal zelah hmasawnna tiṭhuanawptu a ni ṭhin. Industry humhimna (protectionist policy) hi ‘liberalisation policy’ nen inkawlkalha ngaih a ni. Khawvel huapa India thil siam te pho chhuak ve tur chuan India ramin hmabak a la ngah hle. Infrastructure ṭha tak siam a pawimawh. India thil siam te a ṭha tawk lovin, a changkang tawk lo bawk; siam chhuah man (production cost) a sang em em a, bungraw vir vel tikhawtlai thei dan tesep kan la ngah viau bawk. 

Tun maia India ram mamawh chu India mipui, khawsak harsa tak takte kuta sum leh pai an hmuh theih nan inhlawhfakna mumal tak siam sak a ni. Hmuh apiang hmang ral lo thei lo, sum leh pai khawl khawm thei ve lote thleng phak hmasawnna hna kalpui a ngai. Hei hian ram pum huapin, bungraw lei leh hralhna sum leh pai che vel a tisang dawn a ni. Tin, thingtlang hmasawnna ruhrel- kawngpui, tui lakna leh power supply mumal tak ruahman a ngai bawk. Mi hausa, sumdawng lian leh thil siamtu company lian tak takte duhsak aiin mi rethei leh hnuaihnung zawkte tan hnathawh tur tam zawk siam sak hi a pawimawh hmasa niin a lang e. 

- Prof. Vanlalchhawna