Ṭawng ral hlauhawm zingah Mizo ṭawng! Engtin nge kan tih tak ang?

Khawvelah hian ṭawng chi hrang hrang 7,000 vel awma hriat a ni a. Chung zinga ṭawng chi 300 vel chauh chu khawvel mipui zaa 95 ten an hmang mek a. Khawvel mipui chanve hmawkte hian ṭawng chi 16 chauh an hmang a ni. 

Khawvel ṭawng chi hrang hrang zinga 40% lai maite chu tunah hian ral mai thei dinhmunah an ding mek a, chungte chu ‘endangered Language’ emaw ‘moribund language’ an ti a; chung zingah chuan Mizo ṭawng pawh an rawn telh a ni. Mizo ṭawng rawn telhtute chu United Nations Education, Sceintific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) te an ni a, 2016 kumah khan an rawn telh a ni. Kum 2100 ah chuan tuna khawvela ṭawng hman mek 50% - 90% te chu hmangtu mumal awm tawh loh avangin a bo vek dawn niin an sawi a ni.

UNESCO hian ṭawng ral hlauh thawnawm 2,473 a tarlang a, chungte chu an hlauh thawnawm dan azirin chi 5 ah a then a, hetiangin - 

1. Vulnerable - Heng ṭawng hman­gtute hi an fate zawng zawng deuhthawin an la hmang vek a, mahse hmanna hmun deuh an nei bik a. Anmhni Inah leh an ṭawng hmang ve tho an thiante zingah an hmang a, hmun danga an vahchhuah chuan ṭawng dang an hmansan daih thin. Hemi group-ah hian Mizo ṭawng pawh an rawn telh a ni.

2. Definitely endangered- A hmangtute fate leh an tuten pianpui ṭawng (mother tongue) an tih ang tak hian inah an zir tawh lo. An titi zawng zawng deuh thawah ṭawng dang an hmang tawh.

3. Severely endangered - Heng ṭawng hmangtute hi an pi leh pute chauh an ni a. An faten an hmanpui tawh lova, mahse an la hrethiam a. An tute ngat phei chuan hman chu sawi loh an hrethiam tawh lo hrim hrim a ni. An tuten ṭawng dang an hmansan vek tawh a ni.

4. Critically endangered - Heng ṭawng la hmangtu naupang berte chu an pi leh pute an ni daih tawh. An fate leh an tute phei chuan an hmang tawh lovin an hrethiam tawh meuh lo. Tin, a hmangtu berte pawh hian an hmang reng bik tawh lova, a chang chang chauhvin an hmang tawh a ni. A hmangtu awm chhunte an thih hun hunah a ral mai dawn a ni.

5. Extinct - A ṭawng hmangtu leh hrethiamtu dam an awm tawh lo. 

Mizo ṭawng a ral ang em? 

UNESCO hian Mizo ṭawng hmangtute hi mi 529,000 awm mek angin a ziak a. Ṭawng ral hlauhthawnawm a telh zingah South Italian hian hmangtu a la ngah ber a, 7500,000 (Nuai 75) an la awm. Chuti chung chuan a ral mai hlauhthawnawm zingah a telh ve tho a ni. Tuna Mizo ṭawng hmang mektu tam berte hi chuan Mizo ṭawng hi a ral mai kan ring lem lo a ni mai thei. Mahse, tuna kan rilru sukthlek hi chik taka thlir chuan a ral mek a ni tih kan hre thei ang. A chhan chi hrang hrang lo sawi ila- 

i) Mizo ṭawng thumal a thang lo: Mizo ṭawng thumal hi a thang lo em em a. Kan neih sa kan tithi nasa bawk si a, ṭawng hluihlawn tawh (obsolete word) kan ngah em em a, thu mal chher thar lamah thangtharte kan tuan a fum hle. 

ii) Hnam dang ṭawng (a bik takin sap tawng) kan kan zir a, hei hian keimahni ṭawng min hmuhsittir a, kan rilru sukthlek dik loh avangin ṭhangthartten mahni tawng ngei kan hmusit tullh tulh.

iii) 8th Schedule-ah kan ṭawng a awm loh avangin a hlu lo zo vek a ni a tih theih bawk.

Hma lak dan tur hmanhmawhthlak:

Mizo ṭawng hi a ral loh kan duh tak tak chuan hengte hi kan ti ngei tur a ni-

1. Loan Words ngah a ngai: Hnam nunphung lo danglam zelin loh theih lohvin kan thumal tam tak min hluihlawntir a. Chutih mek laiin kan nunphung tharah hian thumal thar leh ṭawng thar kan chher chhuah zung zung a ngai. Hnam dang ṭawng aṭangin Mizo ṭawng thumal chher chhuah lamah kan chak a ngai.Chutiang chu ‘loan words’ an ti.

Sap ṭawng pawh hi a tirtea an ṭawng hman chu a awm tawh meuh lo. Hun harsa tam tak an paltlang a, hnam dangten rei tak takte an awp a, chungah pawh chuan bo thak lovin a damkhawchhuak zel a ni. Hnam dangte ṭawng kha anmahni ṭawngah an lam thiam dan ang zelin an chher lut zel a, ṭawng hausa tak a lo ni ta mai a ni. Tam tak chu Greek leh Latin aṭanga an kaih lek a ni a. Sap ṭawng thumal 80% vel zet hi chu hnam dang aṭanga an lak (Loan words) a ni. Chuti chung chuan English an la ti ve tho a, a hming putu a la ni zel.

Mizo ṭawng pawh hi hnam dang ṭawngin min chiah hneh hle mah se, hengte hi keimahni hmui mila kan lo kaihlek a, kan thumala kan seng luh nghauh nghauh ngam hunah kan ṭawng chu a lo par vul leh dawn a ni. Entirnan, Fench thumal ‘abjurer’ chu ‘abjure’ an ti then a, Latin thumal ‘pictura’ tih chu an lam thiam danin ‘picture’ an ti leh mai a, chutiang zelin hnam dang ṭawng kha an lam thiam dan angin an ṭawngah an seng lut zel a, an hmang hreh lo bawk a, tichuan ṭawng hausa tak a lo ni ta mai a ni.

Keini pawh sap ṭawng thumal thenkhat, Mizo ṭawnga awm lem lo entirnan ‘committee’ tihte pawh hi ‘kawmiti’ tiin ziak ila, kan lam thiam vek si a, Mizo ṭawng a ni nghal mai. Chutiang zelin thumal dang pawh. Hetianga kan tih loh chuan kan ṭawng hi zawi zawiin a ral tial tial mai dawn a ni.

2. A pahnihnaah chuan kei­mahni leh keimahni kan inhmuhsit loh a tul. Chu chu a thu ringawta tih theih pawh a ni lova, ei leh bar leh khawtlang nunphung hrim hrimah hnam dangte hmuh pawha zahpuiawm lo kan nih a ngai. Chuti a nih loha hma sawn loa kan awm reng chuan thangthate chuan Mizo hi an hmusit tho tho ang. 

Linguist-ho chuan ‘Mahni hmuh­sitte ṭawng tumahin an zir duh lo’ an lo ti a. Mizo hi Mizo ngei tan pawha hmuhsittawm (mahni leh mahni hi a inhmuhsit theih tak tak a nia) a nih chuan mahni ṭawng ngei pawh ni se ṭhangtharte an ngaisang lo ang a, an zir tha peih ngai lovang. Tichuan a a ral tial tial dawn a ni.