AFRICAN SWINE FEVER

Mizoten vawksa hi tui kan tiin kan ngaina em em a, chutihlaia Zoram vawk industry chawk buai em emtu chu vawk pul hri chi hnih CSF (Classical swine fever) leh PRRS (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) te hi an ni. 

CSF hi a danna (vaccine) a awm laiin PRRS danna erawh India ramah a la awm lo. Heng natna tam zawk chu khawchhak lam aṭanga lo lut nia ngaih a ni. Tun hnaiah khawchhak lamah vawk pul hri chi dang African swine fever a leng leh a, Mizoram vawk tan a hlauhawm a, inven dan ngaihtuah a hun tak zet. He natna hi vawk pakhatin a kai tawh chuan 100% thihna a thlen theih avangin Sorkar leh khawtlangten hmalak nasat lehzual a ṭul hle a ni. 

African swine fever (ASF) hi vawk pul hri chi khat a ni. A natna thlentu hi DNA virus, Asfarviridae family a ni. Vawk natna hlauhawm leh in kai chhawn awl tak a ni a, vawkin an thihpui deuh zel. 

Kum 1921 khan Africa ram Montgometry-ah he natna hi hmuh a lo ni tawh a, chuta ṭang chuan Africa khawmualah a darh chak em em a. Europe lamah te a darh zel a, kum 1957 khan Portugal te, Spain leh Europe khawmual hrang hrangah vawk vulhtute a lo tibuai hle tawh ṭhin a ni. Kum 1978 khan South America ramah report a awm leh a, Brazil ram a chawk buai leh hle. Kum 1999 hnuah chuan a natna hian reh lam a pan deuha ngaih a nih laiin kum 2007 khan Europe khawmualah a leng nawn leh a. Asia khawmualah kum 2018 khan a rawn thleng ta hlawl mai a! Ni 1 August, 2018 khan China-ah report a ni a, tichuan hmun dangah report a awm chho ta zel a. Mongolia (January, 2019), Vietnam (February, 2019), Cambodia (March, 2019), Hong Kong (May, 2019), Korea (Dem. People’s Rep.) (May, 2019), Laos (June, 2019). Burma ram Shane state an tihah khian August, 2019 khan report dawn a ni ta tlat mai! 

Myanmar hi tun hnaia a lenna a nih bakah kan state ṭhenawm lawk a ni a, tin, Myanmar aṭanga vawk lak luh a lo nih ṭhin avangin Mizoram tan fimkhur zual a ngai ta hle. 

ASF virus te hi an dam rei hle a, vawk taksa, thisen, vawk ek, vawksa rep, frozen meat-ah te hian thla tam an dam thei a ni. Vawk damlo aṭangin a dam laiah an kai thei a, vawk damlo chiuna hmanrua aṭangin, vawk chaw aṭang tein leh saphihrik chi khat (Ornithodoros ticks) aṭangin vawk dangah an kai ṭhin. A natna hi mihring tan erawh hlauhawma hriat a ni lo. 

Natna lan chhuah dan: 

Vawkin he natna hi a kai chuan ni 5-15 hnuah a natna a lang chhuak ṭhin. A rang ber chi: Khawsik (40.5-42° C), vun duk, thawhah, luak, kawṭhalo emaw ek khal, no chhiat, an hnar aṭanga phuan chhuak a, an tho kang thei lo 

ṭhin. Ni 1-7 hnuah an thi vek ṭhin (100% mortality). A dam chhun te pawhin a natna an pai reng a, an taksaah a lan chhuah hun a awm leh tho ṭhin. A muang deuh chi chu kar eng emawzat an dam a, no chhiatna te a thlen thei. Vawk 30-70% in an thih pui ṭhin. 

A benvawn natna: Natna lan chhuah dan a inang lo thei viau. Rihna tlahniam, khawsik, thawhah, ruh chak lo, khup ruh vung, hmul phurh chhiate in an awm ṭhin. Thla tam tak hnuah a natna a lang chhuak ṭhin. Vawk thi tawh taksaa a lan dan: Vawk var chi-ah hian a lang chiang deuh - beng, hmui, awm, dul leh ke hmawr te hi a duk thluah ṭhin. An taksa chhungah tui tling hmuh tur a awm ṭhin a, a kaw chhungah thi chhuak a awm thluah a, a la (spleen) leh a ṭhal a vungin a duk ṭhin. 

Inven dan tur: 

1. ASF venna tur vaccine hi a awm lo. Vawk natna hlauhawm tak, khawchhak aṭanga lo lut thei a ni tih hi vawk vulhtuten an hriat vek a ṭul. Awareness neih nasat a ngai. 

2. Khawchhak aṭanga vawk tawlh luh a nih chuan engtikah mah vawk pul hri lakah kan him dawn lo a, vawksaah kan intodelh thei lo ang. Chuvangin, khawchhak aṭanga tawlh luh vawk reng reng tuman lei loh tur. Hemi kawngah hian khawtlang in thuruala ṭan ho a pawimawh hle. Mahni khua-ah ṭheuh ‘strict’ taka hma kan lak a ngai. Khaw ṭhenkhat chu an strict em em a, an entawntlak viau laiin an khaw bula mite an lo inthlah dul hian awmze nei miah lovin a awm ṭhin. Hri a lo lenin an tuar tlang leh vek tho ṭhin! Kan zavaia kan ṭanrual a ṭul tihna a nih chu. 

3. Vawk tawlh luta kan hriatte chu police emaw Vety. department-ah a rang lama report zel tur a ni. Hengho hremna hi sorkar hian na lehzualin siam se, chuti lo chuan awmze nei miah lovin vawk a ruka rala tawlh luh hi a awm reng tho ang. 

4. Ran aṭanga thar chhuah tam hi a pawimawh viau laiin an hriselna leh natna ven hna uluk loh chuan kan in todelh thei lo ang a, mihring hriselna tan pawh a pawi thei. Kan border areas hran hran (a bikin Myanmar dep) ah te hian animal diseases surveillance laboratory changtlung awm vek thei se. Mithiamten vilin transboundary diseases zir nan leh awlsam taka hmuh chhuahna hmanruate hi nei ila. Khawvela mihring natna tam tak hi ran aṭanga lo awm thei natna a ni a, hemi kawnga invenna tura hmalak a hun hle. Mithiam tam tak veterinary microbiologist, parasitologist, pathologist, public health etc. Mizo zingah an awm a, chhawr ṭangkai ang u. 

5. Vawk in leh a vel damdawi (eg. Tuisen) hmanga fai taka sil ṭhin tur. Vawk hian a raldotu (immunity) tihchak an mamawh ve ṭhin avangin, rulhuthlo, vitamins leh minerals te a khat tawka pek ṭhin tur a ni. Vawk vulhtuten mithiamte i rawn ṭhin ang u. 

6. Khuaa hnawng a, a lum chhoh viau lai (high humidity and high temperature) hian natna a leng duh deuh emaw tih tur a ni ṭhin. Heng hunah hian vawk vulhtute fimkhur lehzual ila. Vawk in luh dawnah damdawia ke chiahna (foot bath) te siam tur a ni. Farm-ah midang luh tir mai mai loh tur. 

7. Vawk damlo an awmin dah hran a, Vety doctor te hnenah report vat ṭhin tur. Vawk thi an awmin kawrah emaw paih mai mai lovin, khaw daiah thuk takin chinai nena phum ṭhin tur. 

ASF natna hian Mizoram leilung a rawn thleng tawh e tihna a ni lova, kan ṭhenawm ram Myanmar-ah a len tawh avangin fimkhur ila, inven lawk theih a ni. Inven dan kan thiam chuan nakinah ran natna leh mihring natna tam tak kan pumpelh thei ang a, mipui leh sorkarte tun aṭanga ṭangrualin theih tawp i chhuah ang u. 

Dr. C. Lalremruata, Scientist (Animal Science); KVK Lunglei, Hnahthial Dist.