Burma Buaina Engtin zel Nge?

Tun hnaia titi luahtu ber pakhat chu kan ṭhenawm Burma rama sipai sawrkarin civil sawrkarna thar awm tur a hnehchhuh (military coup d’etat) chungchang hi a ni a. February ni 1-a thil thleng he sipai sawrkar bunluihnaah hian National League for Democracy (NLD) hruaitu Pi Aung San Suu Kyi leh a thuihruai NLD MP tam tak hren niin kum khat chhung atan ‘state of emergency’ puan a ni. Hei hi a awmzia chu sawrkar ngelnghet awm lovin, ‘rikrum sawrkar’ an din tihna a ni ber awm e; chumi hnulamah inthlan ṭhatna (democratic election) a awm ang tiin thu an delhkilh a. Hun kal tawha Burma sipai (Tatmadaw) chet dan enin he kum khat hun tiam hi sipai lam hian an zawm ngei ang tih rin a harsa hle. 

A ṭum hnihna atana buatsaih kum 2020 November inthlanpuiah khan NLD hi hneh taka thlan tlin niin Parliament (Assembly of the Union) seat 476 ah 397 lai an la a. Kum 2015 inthlanpui ai pawhin an che ṭha zawk a ni. He inthlanah hian hnambil (ethnic-based) party engemaw zatin inthlanpui hi ram bung (state leh region) hrang hrang Rakhine, Kachin, Karen, Chin State adt ah an chuh bawk a. Heng Minority Party te hian Kawl (Bamar) ho kaihhruai NLD rorelna hnuaiah hnam tenau zawkte ngaihthah nia inhriain Burma rama remna leh muanna kawngah hna thawk chak tawk loah an ngai a; chutihrualin NLD khing zo erawh an awm lo. 

Kum 2020 Inthlan result hi an rin leh beisei ai daiha che chhia, sipai thlawp Union Solidarity Development Party (USDP) chuan vote thlak dan dik lo (voter fraud) tih behchhanin a hnawl a. Sipai hotupa General Min Aung Hlaing chuan he Civil sawrkar paihthlakna hi “thil thleng lo thei lo” tiin thiam a inchantir a. Khawvel sawrkar hrang hrang, a bikin khawthlang democracy ram te dem a hlawh hle. 

Burma (Myanmar tia hriat ni bawk) hi map kan en chuan India hmarchhak nena ramri thui tak nei, Zofate thlang tlak hmasakna hmun leh vawiin thlenga la chenna a ni a. Kum 1937 ah British India aṭanga inla hrangin kum 1948 ah ram hran nihna pumhlum (sovereign nation-state) chang turin zalenna (independence) a puang a. Hetia ram thar a pian hnu hian civil sawrkar hun engemaw chen din a ni a, mipui thlan tlin U Nu chu Prime Minister a ni. 

Kum 1962 ah General Ne Win chuan sipai thuneihna hmanga ram inrelbawlna chu hnehchhuhin sipai sawrkarna kum 28 chhung zet dinin Burmese Way to Socialism a tih mai chu a kalpui a. Kum 1988 ah tualchhung buaina nasa tak a awm a, democracy duhtute’n ram pumah sipai sawrkar duhlohna leh General Ne Win bang tura nawrna nasa takin an lantir a. Ram ralmuang lo a lo ni tawh sa nen, kha buaina nuai reh tuma Burma sipai chet dan rawva tak khan raltlan ṭhahnem tak siam belhin kan Chin/ Lai/ Zohnahthlak unau zingah pawh Aung San Suu Kyi lamṭang, democracy duhtu activist engemaw zat Mizoram lamah an rawn tleh thla ve a ni tih kan hriat kha. 

Hemi kum vek hian sipai lam hian kalphung thar din tumin an insiam danglam hret a, State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) tih hming puin Ne Win-a lalhrawtna sawrkar chu a rawn thlak ta a. Kum 1997 ah SLORC hi State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) tiin thlak leh a ni. 

Democracy lam duhtute’n Pi Suu Kyi hovin chhel takin bei ṭauh ṭauh mah se kum 2011 thleng sipai hian lalna leh thuneihna an chang tluan ta parh a ni. Kum 2008-ah an duh dan thlapin Constitution thar, sipai thuneihna hum tlattu tur chu an duang a, chumi behchhan chuan mipui rorelna sawrkar pawh zawi zawia din chhoh an remti a. Kum 2011 aṭanga kum 2015 ah democracy kawl eng ṭanin inlumlehna (transition) a thleng chhova. Kum 2015 inthlanpuiah chuan mipui rorelna sawrkar din a ni ta. 

Hetih chhung hian in siamṭhatna (reform) eng emawzat a thleng a. Political prisoner tam tak chhuahtir niin, Press lam hrenbehna te tihtawp a ni a, ram pum huap Human Rights Commission din a ni a. Ei leh bar lam pawh foreign investment nasa taka a ṭhan avangin hma a sawn hle a, mihring nun pawh a zalen ṭan viau a ni. Beiseina sang tak nen khawvelin a thlir mek laiin kum 2021 ah hetiang boruak hi a lo thleng leh ta a ni. 

Burma hi kum 1997 aṭangin Asia chhimchhak ram inzawm khawm pawl, ASEAN member-ah lakluh ve a ni a. ASEAN ramte hi economy ṭhang chak leh hmasawn tak tak an ni a, China nena inlaichinna chingchivet (pro­blematic relations) angreng tak nei an ni hlawm. Cold War hunlai, Soviet Union tlukchhiat hma kha chuan India hian khawchhak lam hi a hawi meuh lova, khawchhak lam ramte pawhin USSR ṭhian ṭhaa ngaiin an rawn hnimhnai lem lo. 

Mahse kum 1991 aṭang­in PM Narasimha Rao kaih­hruaina hnuaiah Look East Policy (kum 2014-a Act East tia thlak tak) chu kalpui a ni a. India hian ASEAN ram, a bikin thliarkar ram (archipelago) ho Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore tih te hi tuifinriat kaltlangin insumdawnpui thei mah sela ‘Mainland Southeast Asia’ pawh tak tak tur chuan kawng dang a dap a ngai tih a hria a. Burma/ Myanmar chu a luhka ber leh a leihlawn a ni tih chiang takin a hmu a. 

Tin New Delhi lu ti haitu ber leh a lungkham ber pakhat chu hmarchhaka helpawl engemaw zat Burma nena an inrina lai vela khawsa leh tawmbuk neite phindarh a ni a. Helai ramri hi Naga, Mizo, Meitei, Assamese, Bodo leh hel pawl dang tam takin tawmbo nan leh luhchhuah nan bera an lo hman fo ṭhin a ni a. Bangladesh nena ram pathum inzawmna (tri-junction) lai velah hian ruih­hlo leh ralthuam tawlhruk a tam em em bawk. 

India Hmarchhak hi a awmna a kilkhawr avang hian hun rei tak ngaihthah niin ei leh bar, inkalpawhna leh hmasawnna ruhrel hrang hrang neih kawngah India phai (mainland) aiin a la hnufual hle a. New Delhi policy duangtute chuan ASEAN ramte nena insuih zawm tir a, Myanmar kaltlanga sumdawnna kawngpui hawn chu a chhanchhuahna tur kawng niin an hria a. ‘Look East’ kalpui a nih chin ata Hmarchhak an thlirna darthla­lang chiang lo deuh ruai, zeldinna leh ngaihruatna bakah ngaihthahna rilru nen fa hrawn thlira an lo thlir ṭhinna pawh an thlak ve hret hret a. 

Burma-ah sipai sawrkarin lalna an chan chhung hian China nen inlaichinna an nei thuk hmanin a ti huangtau hman hle a. India ram ṭhen­awm maiah communist sawrkarin thu leh hla a rawn nei chho viau leh Burma sipai General-te nen an inhnimhnai viau mai te, a ram chhung hmasawnna ruhrel hrang hrangah China a inrawlh thuk viau mai chuan India central thuneitute awm a ti nuam lo hle bawk. Chuvangin, democracy thlawptu, Aung San Suu Kyi lainattu ni mah se New Delhi chuan LEP a kalpui ṭantirh aṭangin Burma sipai Junta nen inkungkaihna (constructive engagement) a siam chho a. Civilian sawrkar a awm hma daih pawhin Security, Infrastructure, Trade leh Military-ah te thawhhona hrang hrang eng emaw zat a lo neihpui tawh a ni. 

Burma sipai Tatmadaw lam pawh hian China ‘mit naute’ nih ringawt chu an lo duh bik lova, ram lian leh ropui pahnih inkara awm an nih inhriain China nen inkungkaihna ṭha nei tho chungin India biak ṭhat leh thawhpui chu an lo hnial bik hauh lova. Anmahni hlawkna tur thlir ve reng chungin inremsiamna hrang hrang bakah inbiakna leh intlawhtawnna an neihpui ve zel a. 

Keini Mizo leh Chin te tan pawha awmze nei thui tak zingah kum 1994-a an ‘sign’ Border Trade Agree­ment te, ramri bula chengte km 16 bial chin zalen taka vei tawn theihna Free Movement Regime, Lawng­tlai leh Sittwe lawng chawlhhmun thlunzawmna tur Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit-Transport Project bakah Rih leh Tiddim inkar kawng siam te hi an langsar awm e. Hei bakah hian Burma ram chhungah India hian project kal lai leh hmachhawp tam tak a nei a. 

Civil sawrkar ngelnghet tak din theih chu duhthusam ni mah se, Burma Tamadaw leh New Delhi hian engemaw chenah inzawmna an lo neih tawh avangin tun ṭumah pawh hian India External Affairs Ministry chu a ṭawng fimkhur hle a. US, UK leh Europe ram te angin na takin a dem ve lem lo a, ramri kan inzawmna leh inmamawh tawnna hi a san em avangin boruak ngaichang chung leh thuhnu dawn taka chet a tum a ni. 

Zofate hi India leh Burma ram pahnih tan tlanga duh vang reng ni lova khawsa (trans-border people) kan ni. Chin unaute’n General Aung San (Pi Suu Kyi-i pa) hnuaiah kum 1948 ah Panglong Agreement, Burma-a an tel vena tur an ‘sign’ laiin keini Mizote erawh Assam kaltlangin India lamah kan bet thung a. Ṭiau lui chunga indawh Bailey Bridge khi India leh Burma international boundary chhinchhiahna ni mah se pi leh pu aṭanga boundary ngelnghet nei ngai lo, British rorelnain a ṭhen hran chhoh tak kan ni. 

Ṭiau chhak leh Ṭiau thlang angin kan pi leh pu te kha lo inthliar ve bawk mah se, ram hran, foreign ram, citizen­ship hran, Visa leh docu­ment hran te hi keimahni duhthua kan neih leh siam an ni lo. Chuvangin, vawiin thleng pawhin ramri pela intlawhtawn leh chakkhai in lam tawn te hi New Delhi leh Nay Pyi Daw-in min khapsak ringawt thei lo a ni. 

Chutihrualin a taka ramri khamna hian keimahniah rilru lam ramri pawh a siam ve hret hret zel a. Mizoramah pawh kan Chin unaute’n harsatna tam tak an tawk fo ṭhin. Politics kalsiam diklo vangin miin nunkhaw nawm deuh inbeiseiin an raltlan thin a, hei hi duhthlanna thil a ni lo. Mizote hi democracy ram lama kan beh azarah kan vannei hle a. Kum 1986 Peace Accord atangin remna leh muanna kan neia, India rama ziak leh chhiar thiam tamna, Human development index ah pawh hmarchhaka a ti tha ber pawl kan ni. Kan thenawm Burma hi ram zalen, thang chak leh mipui rorelna ram ni se a hlawkpui ber tur pawh kan ni a. Technology zarah tunhma ai chuan kan chhehvel ram chanchin te kan ngaihsakin Burma kan hmuh leh hriatdan pawh a inthlak chho viau a. Tun boruak duhawm lo takah hian sipai tihduhdahna emaw diriamna emaw lo tawk sela kan unau Chin te hi India sawrkarin a hranpain a rawn ngaihsak dawn lova, Mizoram sawrkar, NGO leh mipuite’n kan ngaihsak an ngai dawn a ni. 

New Delhi ah ngei pawh refugee status nei mumal lova raltlan, UNHCR humhimna hnuaia khawsa tawk tawk tunah hian engemawzat an awm mek a. Tunhnai Citizenship Amendment Act thar kum 2019-a pass ah khan Burma hi telh a ni lova, India hian a hranin Refugee Law hmanlai a nei lo bawka. Hetiang thil khawlhkham tak karah hian Mizoram sawrkar pawhin inruahmanna tha tak neia, Chin/Zohnahthlak Chin State, Sagaing Region leh hmundanga chengte harsatna tawk leh raltlan (awm thei) lo mikhual chungchangah ramri bul Champhai, Saiha leh Lawngtlai ah te mumal taka lo dawnsawn dan tur nen lam a ngaihtuah lawk diam a tul a. New Delhi nen pawh hemi chungchangah hian inbiakpawhna tha tak a neih a tha a ni. Mizorama Chin mi sang engemawzat khawsa mekte an ram lama haw chho hreh emaw chhan hrang hrang avanga harsatna tawk te pawh an chenna hmun khawtlangin hriatthiamna thuk tak neia helai hmunah rilru ralmuang taka an awm theih nan hma lak a pawimawh a. Tawngkama inthlamuanna piah lamah YMA , Kohhran leh vengchhung VC te pawhin hei hi intuamhlawm hun anih hriain Chin mi te tan thlaphanna tur a awmlo tih a taka an lantir a tul a ni. 

Tun thil thlengah hian India leh Burma inlaichinna hi a danglam dawrhin a rinawm lem loha. Ramri hmasawnna leh inkalpawhna chungchangah te, security khirhdan chungchangah te, insumdawntawnna leh chak lakna kawng hrang hrangah harsatna lian tham lutuk a thlen loh beisei ila. A bul berah chuan kum sawm vel zet Burma politics hmel inthlakdanglamin a thlen, mipuite’n democracy awmzia an lo tem ve hmanna hian kan unaute nena kan inlaichinnaah nghawng tha tak a nei hman a. India leh Burma khua leh tui nihna dan leh dunin min phuar tawn mahsela, kawng awm thei tinreng dapa, a chhe ber thleng pawh nise kan unaute tana tanchhan nuam leh innghahna tura kan lo inhawn phawt hi a pawimawh ber a ni.