THE CITIZENSHIP (Amendment) BILL, 2016 (Lok Sabha-a Passed tak kha)

Indian Citizenship chungchang hi Indian Constitution-ah Article 5 - 11 ah a chuang a. A principal Act chu 1955 a ni. He Citizenship Act, 1955 hi vawi ruk tihdanglamna a lo ni dawn ta a. Tun hma-a an lo tihdanglam tawhna te chu: The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 1986, 1992, 2003, 2005 leh 2015 te a ni. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 chu kan chai ta luai luai mai a nih hi. Ni 8 January, 2019 khan Lok Sabha chuan a passed ta a, Rajya Sabha lamah eng tak ang zui ang maw? 

Bill siam chhan: Kum 2014-a Parlia­mentary Election neih dawn khan BJP chuan an election manifesto-ah Afghanistan, Bangladeshleh Pakistan-a Muslim Majority-na rama hnam/ sakhaw tlem ho, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis leh Christian te chuan tihduhdahna leh hmuhsitna an tawk a. Chung ho chu India ram chuan a lo kuangkuah tur thu a tlangaupui a. Inthlanpuiah hnehna changin sorkarna an siam ta a.

Sorkar an din fel hnu rei lo te-ah Notification tichhuak nghalin sorkar-in thupawimawh a puanchhuahna - "Gazette of India-ah", Sep­tember 7, 2015; leh July 18, 2016 ah Central Sorkar chuan heng sakhaw paruk, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis leh Christians te chu Afganistan, Bangladesh leh Pakistan aṭanga Sakhaw thil avanga tihduhdahna an tawrh avanga lo tlanchhiate tan hian The Foreigners Act, 1946 leh Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920 chu ngaihhnathiamna a tichhuak nghal a. Ni 31 December, 2014 leh a hma lama lo lut tawhte chu dan bawhchhia-ah (illegal migrant) a chhiar ve ta lo. Khua leh tui an nih theih nan The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 chu ni 19 July, 2016 khan Lok Sabha-ah parh a lo ni tawh a. Ni 12 August, 2016 khan Joint Parliamentary Committee-ah (JPC) referred a ni leh a. Joint Parliamentary Committee-in an report chu ni 7 January, 2019 khan an pe a, ni 8 January, 2019 khan Lok Sabha chuan a Passed ta a ni. 

Bill ruangam tlangpui: (1) The Citizenship Act, 1955 in dan lova ram dang aṭang lo lutte India Citizen nih a khap tlat ṭhin kha, Afganistan, Bangladesh leh Pakistan aṭanga dan lova lo lut (illegal migrants), heng sakhaw paruk - Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis leh Christians te tan Indian Citizenship dil/ neih theihna kawng a hawng tawh ang a. The Citizenship Act, 1955-a Section 2 hnuaia sub-section (1) a clause (b) dawt-ah ram dang mi, dan lova lo lut anga ngaih an nih lona tur a chuang tawh ang. 

(2) India Citizen nih theih dan kawng pali a awm: chungte chu: (1) by Birth, (2) by Descent, (3) by Registration, leh (4) by Natu­ralisation. He dan thar hnuaiah hian Citizen­ship Act, 1955-a Third Schedule-ah Clause (d) dah belhin Naturalisation hmanga citizen nih theihna tura India rama chen rei zawng atan kum 11 ni ṭhin kha, heng sakhaw parukte tan hi chuan kum 6 chhung chauh a bituk. 

(3) The Citizenship Act, 1955-a Section 7D-ah belh neiin Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholders ten India ram dan an bawhchhiat a, OCI nihna cancel theihna a awm loh avangin cancel emaw hremna pek nghal theihna dan a keng tel ta. 

Dan lova lo lut (illegal migrants) chu tute nge?:

* Section 2(1)(b) of the Citizenship Act, 1955 chuan illegal migrants a tihte chu: (1) India khua leh tui ni lo, India rama lo luh phalna visa, passport etc., nei lova lo lut te, (ii) Visa, passport etc., in India rama an awm a phalsak hun chhung aia rei awm te an ni. 

Citizenship Act, 1955 hian illegal migrants te reng reng chu India citizen an nih a khap tlat a. Hetiang illegal migrants te chu Foreigners Act, 1946 emaw Passpost Act, 1920 hmanga lungin tan tir emaw an rama thawn haw tur a ni. 

The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 thlifimtu, Joint Parliamentary Committee-ah hian member 30 an awm a. Ṭum dang ang lo takin inlungrual tlanna nei thei lovin a tam zawk duh danin an kal a, report phek 440 laia chhah chu a pe ta tho a ni. JPC meeting-ah hian member tam tak chuan he Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 hian Fundamental Rights, Article 14 - 25 a kalh lo niin an ngai a. Intelligence Bureau, Research & Analysis Wing (R&AW), Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Law leh Home pawhin hlauhthawn tur awm lo niin an ngai bawk. 

He Citizenship Act, 2019 lo ni dawn ta hian Indian Constitution-a Fundamental Rights leh a dangte a kalh em? 

Dan hre mi leh Political and Constitutional Analyist tam tak chuan Indian Constitution a kalh dawn niin an ngai. India ram hi Secular State (sakhaw tih bik nei lo) kan nih avangin sakhaw hming hmerh neih bik hi a remchang lovang. Ram pathum kan sawi tak aṭanga dan lova lo lutte a lo pawm chhan tur hi sakhuana avanga tihduhdah tuarte leh nekchep tawkte an ni tia he amendment siam chhan ber nia a sawi pawh hi a fuh tawk lo hle thei bawk ang. Khawtlang/ vantlang nunzia danglam tak avanga harsatna nasa tak tawh avanga khing ram pathum aṭanga lo lut rute chu pawm an ni leh chuang dawn lo te hian dan hma-a mi zawng zawng intluktlanna principle pawh a kalh a rinawm bawk. Khawvela Juda hnam zawng zawng tana Israel ram chu an Inpui a ni ang deuh hian India ram hi Hindu Inpui atana siam tumna a ang ber zawk awm e. 

Citizenship chungchang hi vawi nga lai siam danglam a lo ni tawh a, tun ṭuma a vawi ruknaah hian a vawikhatna atan sakhaw tarlan bik a awm ta mai hian ngaihtuahna a ti thui viau. Sakhuana hmanga inthliar hranna reng reng khap a nih mai bakah Indian Constitution Article 14 hi India Citizen tan chauh a ni bik lova, (any person) mi zawng zawng a huap a ni. Ram pathum kan tarlan takteah khan minority group hrang hrang, sakhaw paruk kan tarlan takte ni si lo (Jew, leh Atheists) te tan kawng a hawng ve chuang lova. Kan ṭhenawm ram, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar leh Nepal rama mite pawh a huan tir bawk hek lova, heng ramahte hian Muslim te pawh minority an nih tho laiin kawng a hawng ve chuang lo. 

He Bill avang hian khawvel ram dang nena kan inlaichinna pawhin nasa takin a tawrh theihna a awm ngei ang. India ram hian UN Refugee Convention 1951 kha sign ve lem lo mah se, refugee hi khawvel buaipui berte zinga mi a nih avang te, India ramin illegal migrants a pawm turte ai pawhin refugee te hi humaniterian problem nei lian leh nasa zawk an nih lai leh UN Refugee Convention 1951 pawm duh lo a nih laia illegal migrant pawm a tum leh si hian mihringte chuangah nasa taka thlei bik nei ram angin khawvel ram dangte hian an ngai thei maiin a rinawm a, khawvel dem a hlawh zui viau mai thei bawk. 

Mizoram tan a hlauhawmna: 

He Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 hian Bangladesh aṭanga Chakma foreigners (illegal migrants) te chu Buddists an nih hlawm avangin Mizoramah dan lo angin lo lut mah se Foreigners Act, 1946 emaw Passport Act, 1920 hmangin kan lo man thei tawh dawn lova, an ramah kan thawn kir mai thei tawh dawn lo. Ni 31 December, 2014 hma lama lo lut tawhte phei chu he ni aṭanga chhiar a India ramah (Mizoram-ah) kum 6 an awm tlin tawh chuan khua leh tui nihna an dil thei der tawh a ni. 

Mizoram chhungah ngei pawh citizenship pek nghal mai theih kan kawl ṭeuh mai thei. Mizoram Chakma te hi kan Schedule Tribe list-ah an chuan avangin ILP hmang hian khuahkhirh an harsa em em rih a, Mizoram Chakma leh Chakma Foreigners lah kan thliar hrang hlei thei tawm meuh si lo. He dan thar hian Myanmar lama Buddhists te a huam ve loh avangin Bangladesh lam aṭanga lo lut tur te hi a hlauhawm turte chu an ni dawn a ni. 

Bangladesh lam aṭanga lo lut nasa thei turte chu Hindu, Chakma leh Tuikuk-te hi an ni ang a. Tuikuk tam zawk chu Hindu an nih avangin an tan zalenna kawl a eng bawk ang a, Tripura transit Camp-a awm mek pawh ka buan hneh meuh lo a nih laiin nasa takin Bangladesh lam aṭangin an rawn belh zui thei bawk ang. Kan ILP leh Mizoram Accord (Art 371(G) hian he Amendment chungchangah hi chuan min hum theihna tur a awm pawhin a lang lo. 

He danin sakhaw paruk a tarlan zingah hian Christian te an tel ve avangin Christian te tan lawmna tur a awm chuang lo. Kan fimkhur hle loh chuan hun rei lote chhungin Christian ni ve lote hian kan ram chhungah ngei min tam hneh loh vek pawhin min nihrual thuai thei ang. Ram pathum a tarlan bika Christian te dinhmun ngaihtuahin India ramah pawh heng ram pathum aṭanga Christian te tan hian rawn luh a chakawm chuang lovang. Chutih laiin North East State a Christian tamna te chu sakhaw dangin nasa takin an pawlhsawp thei thung ang a, ram leilung fate hi pem lutte lakah a tlem zawk kan ni thei ang tih hi thil hlauhthawnawm tak a ni. He dan thar hian North East State te chu kan culture, social leh sakhaw thilah nasa takin midangte hian min pawlhsawp thei dawna a lan avangin inlungrual tak leh pheikhai rual taka kan do loh chuan kan do hneh lovang tih pawh a rinawm bawk. 

Tlangkawmna: 

Rajya Sabha hian a la ngaihtuah ve rih lova, hemi hun chhung hian nasa taka ṭan kan lak a ngai a ni. Citizenship amendment hi India Constitution Article 368 hnuaia constitutional amendment procedure-a kalpui a ngaiin a lang a. Lok Sabha hian passed tawh mah se, Rajya Sabha hian a hnawl hlauh chuan a zuzi ve thei mai dawnin a lang. Rorel lai BJP hian Rajya Sabha lamah majority an neih bik loh avangin paihthlak theihna kawng a awm thei a. Articel 368 hnuaiah hian Lok Sabha leh Rajya Sabha hian Joint Session neih theihna provision a siam loh avangin chance chhete chu a la awm thei mai awm e. 

He amendment duh lohna leh dodalna PIL chu 'Nagarikatwa Aain Songsudhan Birodhi Mancha' (Forum against Citizenship Act Amendment Bill) chuan December, 2018, khan Supreme Court-ah PIL an thehlut a. Supreme Court hian Parliament-in he Bill chungchangah thutawp a neih hma chuan ngaihtuah lova dah rih a tithlu bawk.