FIFTEENTH FINANCE COMMISSION RAWTNA LEH MIZORAM HMATHLIR

India Constitution Article 280 hnuaia din Finance Commission (FC) 15-na, Fifteenth Finance Commission (FC-XV) chuan a Report phek 1400 vel zeta chhah chu tunhnaiah a thehlut a. A hmingah “Finance Commission in Covid Times (Report for 2021-26)” a vuah nghe nghe. Harsatna engemaw vangin nikum bik kha chu a hranpain recommendation an siam a, tuna an report hian 2021-26 chhung a huam dawn ani. He Report hi tun Parliament Budget Session kallaiah hian pharh a ni tawh bawk. FC-XV Recommendations te hi kum 5 lokal leh tura kan state budget innghahna pui ber anih dawn avangin chipchiar taka han lepse hman nilo mahse a tlangpui khaikhawm I han tum teh ang.

Central chhiah tlingkhawm zawng zawng aṭanga central chhiah bik (cess, surcharge, etc.) te paih hnua la chuang zawng hi “Divisible Pool of Taxes” tih ani a, hemi hi sorkar laipui leh states sorkar te insem tura tih a ni a, an insem dan hi vertical devolution tih a ni. FC-XV rawtna ang chuan tun kum 5 lo awm tura chhiah tlingkhawm hi 59:41 ratio anga insem tur ani. A awmzia chu chhiah tlingkhawm 59% chu central chan ani anga, a bak 41% chu states ten kan insem leh ang.

States ten kan chan tur kan insem leh dan tur hi horizontal devolution tih ani a. State tinte chanpual tur chu tehna hrang hrang hmanga chawhchhuah leh ani thin. FC-XV chuan hengte hi tehna atan a hmang: (i) Population (15%), (ii) Area (15%), (iii) Forest & Ecology (10%), (iv) Income Distance (45%), (v) Tax & Fiscal Effort (2.5%), leh (vi) Demographic Performance (12.5%). Heng tehna hmang hian a chunga kan sawi divisible pool aṭanga 41% hi states ten kan insem dawn a ni. Mizoram chuan hemi aṭanga 0.5% kan chang ve dawn ani.

Central chhiah aṭanga kan chanvo dawn vek hnu pawh a mahni inrelbawlna tur la thawkchhuak ve phalo state 17 kan awm a, chungte chu ṭanpuina (grants) pek kan ni bawk. Hei hi a hmingah Post-Devolution Revenue Deficit Grant (PDRDG) tih ani. Hemi bakah hian khuarel chhiatna lo thlen thulha kan  in tuamhlawmna leh invenna tur hian state disaster response fund (SDRF) pek kan ni bawk. Tin, tualchhung inrelbawlna atan grants (local bodies grants) pek kan ni leh bawk. Kum 5 chhunga kan hmuh tura ruahman belhkhawm chu Table-1 ah hian tarlan ani. 

Heta tarlan, kan sumhnar lian ber tur share in central taxes & duties bik hi chu kan sumhnar dang te angin ‘hetiang zat hi hmuh ngei tur ani’ tih a sawi lawk theihloh a. Sorkar laipui chhiah tlingkhawm mila inherrem ve zel anih vangin beisei lawk ai in a tlem viau thei a, a tam viau thei bawk. Kan ram sumdawnna leh sum leh pai dinhmuna innghat a ni. Kan hun tawn mek vang pawh ani a nge, tun Finance Commission hian hnathawh ṭhat dan mil-a ṭanpuina inpek (Performance-based incentives & grants) a rawn uar hle mai. 

Hmalakna tur hrang hrang a rawn chhawpchhuah zinga kan hnathawh dan (performance) tehna mumal tak duansa leh points pek dantur pawh a rawn tarlang nghal a (e.g. a hun taka audited statement thehluh, hnathawh result lang chhuak, etc.). Heng tehna anga kan qualify zel chuan Table-1 a kan hmuh health, higher education, agriculture, etc. a rawt zat sum hi kan hmu thei dawn ani. State sorkar ngaihna hria leh hnathawk thei kan mamawhna a zual sauh dawn anih hmel e. 

A hranpaa health sector grant lo awm te, disaster fund lo pung chho ta te hian Covid-19 len hnua kan mamawhna a rawn chhang chho viauin a hriat. Tunhma lama kan la hmel hriat lemloh PMGSY kawng enkawlna tur sum a hranpaa ruahmanna lo awm hi thingtlang kilkhawr zawka cheng, kawng tlangpuiin a tlawh phak veloh te tan thil lawmawm tak ani. Tin, state sorkarin kan mamawhna mila hman theih mai tur state specific grant kan dawng tur te, statistics rintlak kan neih theihna tura a hranpa a ruahmanna te hi thil lawmawm tak a ni. 

Tualchhung inrelbawlna tura FC-XV in grants min pek dan tur a ruahmanna chu Table-2 ah hian tarlan ani a. Hei hi Mizoram-ah chuan kan hriat theih dan tur awlsam tak chu VC te leh Aizawl Municipal Council (AMC) hi local bodies kan tihte chuan a huam. 

Kum 5 chhunga kan dawn zawng zawng tur belhkhawm hi cheng vbc 547 ani a. Tun ang hripui vanga hun harsa kan tawh lai hian kan local bodies te hi an tul em em a, mipuite himna leh hriselna tura an thawh hlawkzia a chiang a ni. Hei vang hian FC-XV pawh hian local bodies te kaltlanga mipuite hriselna kawnga hmalakna tur hian cheng vbc 160 chuang zet a rawn ruahman tel bawk a ni. Finance Commission hmasa ah khan VC te (Rural local bodies) te tan grants mumal tak pek kan nilo a, FC-XV hunah erawh Panchayati Raj awmlohna states te tan pawh recommendation mumal tak a rawn siam ta a, hei hi thil lawmawm tak a ni. 

FC-XV Report hi a chipchiar kher maia, heti hian rek bung dawn ta mai ila a tha awm e. Kum 5 lokal tura central chhiah aṭanga kan chan ve tur hi 14th Finance Commission (FC-IV) hun chhung (2015-20) a kan dawn aiin nasa takin a pung dawn tih a hmuh theih a. A punna tur hi 40% chuang zet a tling mai thei. Mahse, a chunga kan sawi tak ang hian kan ram economy ṭhan dana innghat tur a ni. Hetihlai hian kan innghahna lian ber pakhat central grants (PDRDG) hi nasa taka tihhniam ani a, FC-XIV hun chhungah khan cheng vbc 12000 chuang anihlaiin tunah hian cheng vbc 6500 chuang awrh a ni dawn a ni. Grants hrang hrang kan dawn turte nena han belhkhawm pawh hian hun hmasa lam kan pha dawnlo ani awm mang e a tih theih. 

Kan state bil chhiah (own tax revenue) hi a tam thei ber anga chhutin kum tin vbc 1500 vel ni thei tura ngaih ani a. Kan sorkar inrel­bawlna senso (revenue expenditure) erawhin cheng vbc 9000 kan hawlh chho ani tawh mai si a, sorkar tan pawh ngaihtuahna thar sen a ngai ngeiin a rinawm. Inrenchemna nasa zawka kalpui leh sumhnar zawn kawnga hmalakna rintlak tak kan neih ngei a ngaih hmel e.