Raw chi ṭha - Bihchianna

Environment & Forest Department-in an chhianchhiah danin kum 2010 thleng khan Mizoramah hian mau chi hrang 35 a awm a, chung zinga 25 chu tualṭo a ni. A dang 10 chu lakluh (introduced) a ni, (E&F, 2010). Heng ramdang maute hi kum 2006 aṭanga 2009 inkara Mautamdolêtna scheme - BAFFACOS (Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme) leh National Bamboo Mission (NBM) kaltlang te a lakluh ni berin a lang. Ramdang mau, Mizorama lakluh tam zawk hi a tira a laluttute beisei leh ngaihtuah ang kha pha tak ang maw? 

Kan Chief Minister zahawm takin chawkluh a tum raw chi 2, Mizote dinchhuahna tur bulpui, India Hmarchhaka helna tihrehna tura hmanraw ṭangkai la ni thei te hi i bihchiang teh ang: 

1. Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz-

Raw lian tak, hung nei chi, Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest (Phai ruahtui dawng tam ngaw)-a awm chi a ni a, India ramah chuan Manipur leh Andaman thliarkarah a tualṭo a, Myanmar, Thailand velah a awm bawk. India ram hmun dangah a tualṭo thu sawi a la awm lo. Manipur-ah chuan Jiribam chhehvelah a tualṭo a, Meitei ho chuan ‘Wanan’ tiin an sawi. 

Kum 1913 chho aṭang khan Coorg District, Karnataka-ah lakluh a ni a, ‘Burma bamboo’ tia hriat a ni. Chuta ṭang chuan India ram hmun dangah, a bikin Chhim lamah, thehdarh a ni ve ta zel a ni. India chhimlama an duh chhan nia an tarlan chu khung lai rama mau-raw tualṭo [Bambusa bambos (Mizo: rawhling); Dendrocalamus strictus (Mizo: Tursing)] te ang lo taka hling a neih ve loh vang te, a pum/a hung a ngil vang te leh a pum a len zawk vang te a ni ber (Viswanath et. al. 2013). Karnataka leh a chhehvela an hmanna tam ber chu deh hnang atan te, pal banah te leh leilawn siam nan te a ni (Singh 1986; Viswanathan et al. 2013), Manipur-a a tualṭonaah chuan a tuai an ei a (Viswanathan et al 2013), Manipur khawpui, Imphal leh a chhevel bazar-a mau-raw lam kaihhnawih thil chi hrang hrang zawrhnaah erawh ‘Wanan’ aṭanga siam emaw a tuai emaw a awm ve lo thung (Singh et al. 2003). 

India Chhim lam state ṭhenkhata an chin, Institute Wood Science and Technology (IWST), Bangalore ten an zirchianna aṭanga a ṭhatna leh ṭhat tawklohna an sawi hrang hrang lo thlir ila: 

1.1 A ṭhatnate:

(a)    Hling a nei lo, a kung a ngil. A hung a bit lo.

(b)    A pum a len avang leh a chang a khat avangin paih tur a tlem a, agarbatti kuang atana hman a remchang. 

(c)    Hmun hnawng leh uap (humidity sang)-ah a ṭha duh a, pal-chawi atan te, kawrkam leh dil kama phunah te a ṭha. 

(d)    Tuai a chhuah hnem a, a tuai a ei tlak bawk. Deh hnang atan leh hriamhrei fawng/ha atan a ṭha bawk. Maimaw pangang khawina thlangra atan te, Inchhung sekrek thil hrang hrang atan te, thing leh thlai kung do na atan te a ṭha. 

(e)    A tâmin chi a chhuah te hi awlsam takin a ṭiak thei, a chi a tlak hlima kui/ chin vat a nih loh chuan a thi (inviable) hma hle thung. A zung kar (rhizome) pawh tihpunna remchang tak a ni. 

(f)    A hnah leh a ṭang tla a tam avangin leiṭha (vermicopost) siam nan a hman theih.

1.2 A ṭhat tawk lohnate

(a)    Uluk taka enkawl a, a zar hlawi zung zung loh chuan zar hnawksak tak a chhuah hnem a, a len tak tak hnuah phei chuan enkawl harsa tak a ni.

(b)    Chin pun atana a zungkar a harsain, a hautak.

(c)    A pum a len avangin sah hnuah lakchhuah a hautak.

(d)    A pum a len avangin phurh kual a hautak a, a ṭiak leh a bulkar ken kual zung zung a harsa.

(e)    Tui a pai hnem avangin, uluk taka thah loh chuan pal leh eng ilo a hmanin a tlo lo, kum a daih meuh lo. 

1.3 Bawmtu leh natna

D. brandisii hi India ram hmun tam zawkah mikhual a nih miau avangin India rama mau-raw dang aiin bawmtu leh zar buaitu a ngah emawni tih tur a ni. Chung zinga langsar zualte chu Aphids, leafminer leh termites te a ni. 

Aphids - Mau hnah leh a ṭanga tuihnang (sap) dawttu a ni a, a tuai chhuah hlim aṭanga zar a neih thlengin an bawm tlang pui. Hei hian a kung a ti chak lo a, a ti hrisel lo a, a tlo loh phah thei.

Leafminers - Keptuam leh ram tho lam chi ho engemaw zatin D. brandisii hnah hi tui nan an hmang ṭhin. Heng rannung tuite hian mau hnah hi chawah an ring a, an ei filh rel rul ṭhin. 

Termites - A pum sah hlim, thahnghal (treatment pêk) si loh hi tlumpui (termites) in an bawm duh hle. Tlumpui hian a thahrui a chhah sak a, ruah tui leh hnawng a ngam loh phah sawt a, a tlo loh phah ṭhin. Tlumpui leh eichhetu laka venhimna kawng awlsam ber chu sah hlim a thah (treatment pêk) a ni.

Leaf blight leh Alternaria leaf spot an tih mai hi Fungi chi lam zinga mi Fusariumspp leh Alternariaspp ten an thlen a ni a. Heng natna te hian mau ṭhan lenna leh a tisa chhungril insiamrem a, inthuam chak tur a tiṭhuanawp a, a zik a tluak loh phah thei a, a tlo loh phah ṭhin. 

Mau-raw dang ang bawkin a tam ve ṭhin a, kum 45 - 50 inkardanah, tam dan chi hnih sporadic (tahtawla tam) leh gregarious (tampui)-in a tam ṭhin. Kum 1961 - 1962 khan Karnataka-ah a tam a, kum 1987 - 1988 khan Manipur-ah a tam bawk. Hemi hnu hian a tam leh thu sawi a awm tawh rih lo. 

2. Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro

Raw chi ṭha nia an sawi dang leh chu Taiwan giant bamboo an tih mai, Taiwan hoin ‘Ma’ an tih Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro hi a ni. Myanmar leh China chhimlam leh Taiwan-ah te tualṭo a ngaih a ni a (Dransfield and Widjada, 1995), Asia chhim-chhak lam ram ṭhenkhatah chin pun a ni bawk (Rhind, 1945). 

D. latiforus hi hung chhah tak nei chi a ni a, raw sang tak 45 ft aṭanga 82 ft thlenga sang thei a ni a, mau-raw lam chiah chuan a sang thei bera ngaih a ni. A tlang teh kualin 3 inches - 8 inches-a lian a ni tlangpui. A chang leh chang inkar hi 8inches - 27inches-a sei a ni thei bawk. Phaikuam aṭanga Zongaw-ah a tualṭo tlangpui a, ruahtui tamna hmunah a ṭhangduang bik bawk. Chutih rual chuan lei bán leh dûpah te, leiṭhil - al bawk si (alkaline) emaw lei thur (acidic)-ah te emaw chuan a ṭhan a ṭha lo a, tuai ei tur phei chuan chin loh a ṭha zawk. 

He rua hi Manipur leh Nagaland-ah pawh chin a ni a, Manipur-ah chuan Kuki hoin Myanmar aṭanga an lakluh nia ngaih a ni (Naithani, 2006). India ramah chuan Nagaland hi D. latiflorus tam berna hmun a ni (Naithani, 2006); kum 2004 - 2005 khan Nagaland hmun hrang hrangah a tam a, kum 2008 khan a tahtawlin Manipur-ah a tam ve leh bawk. Raw dang ang thoin kum 45 - 50 inkara tam chi a ni a, a tahtawlin emaw, a pumpuhlumin emaw a tam ṭhin (Naithani, 2006). Taiwan lamah chuan a tam thu hriat tur a awm meuh lo a, Philippines, Indonesia leh China-ah te erawh a tahtawlin, a hun pangngaiah a tam ṭhin (Dransfield and Widjaja, 1995). A zung kar leh a chi kui ṭiah hmanga chin pun a ni ber a, Taiwan-ah chuan kum 1995 khan hlawhtling takin tissue culture hmanga a chi siam chhuaha ni tawh bawk (Dransfield and Widjada, 1995). 

Ralleng (Naga) ho hi Mizote ang bawka mau-raw hmang nasa an ni a, In sak nan te, hriamhrei ha/fawng atan te, kawng chi hrang hrangin an hmang a. He rua, D. latiflorus hi Chakesang-Naga ho chuan ‘Kupho’ an ti a, thil kumhlun lo chi, râp In leh chhawl buk sak nan te, Inchhung sekrek thil siam nan te an hmang ber a, mau-raw dang aia a duap avangin a tlo lo a, rinrawlah an neih lo. Angami-Nagaho chuan ‘Vumi’ tiin an sawi a, In châk atan an hmang ber a, slab/ beam do nan te an hmang ṭhin. Ao-Naga ho ve thung chuan ‘Warok’ tiin an sawi a, chakkhai leklamah, hmanraw chhehchhawl ber atan an hmang a, thil kumhlun tur chiah an hmang ngai meuh lo a, hun reilo te chhunga hman tur, thehthang leh mai theih atan an hmang deuh ber. Kum 2015-a Chozüba, Phek District-a ka kal tum pawhin he rua hi mo lawmna ruai ṭhehnaah kutsilna tur tuidawn atan an hmang. 

National Bamboo Policy (Revised) leh kan beisei raw chi hnih India ramin mau tharchhuah leh a kaih­hnawih lama hma kan sawn theihna tura hma­lakna lianpui mai kan neih chu National Bam­boo Mission a ni. Kum 2006 - 2007 khan a thawh­khatna duan chhuah a, hman nghal a ni a, he Mission kaltlang hian Mizoramah pawh Mau plantation engemawzat siam a ni a, a chhawr ber State zinga mi pawh kan ni awm e. Kum 2018 khan NBM hnathawh dan leh hmasawn dan te ennawn a ni a, kalphung thar an duang a, Operational guidelines of National Bamboo Mission (Revised June, 2019) siam chhuah a ni ta a ni. 

Chu guidelines-ah chuan a ram leilung leh sik leh sa a zirin mau chin pun tur thlan tur a nih thu te leh a ram miten an mamawh leh hman ṭangkai chi ngaihpawimawh a nih tur thu te tarlan a ni a (section 10.1); rawmngaw ni lo, ram bua leh thing ṭo lohna hmunah te, luikamah te heng mau te hi chin tur a ni. India rama mau tamna hmuna mi te leh mau hman uarna hmuna mi te hman dan hrang hrang te, khawvelin mau a hman dan te bakah, sik leh sa leh ram leilung te thlir chungin he guidelines-ah hian mau chin tur bik chi kua a tarlan a ni a (section 10.2), chung zinga chi 5 - Rawṭhing (Bambusa tulda), Ankuang (B. nutans), Phulrua (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), Phungkirua (Thyrsostachys oliverii) leh Mautak (Melocanna baccifera) te chu Mizoram kan neih sa te vek an ni a. Mizoram kan neihsa loh te hi India Hmarchhaka kan state ṭhenawm hnaia tualṭo te vek a ni a, kan ram hruaitute duhthusam raw chi hnih - D. brandisii leh D. latiflorus te hi chu an tel ve lo!

Hman deuh khan China mau ṭha chi Moso kha lakluh tumin an bei chiam tawh a, an duh chhan chu “a pum a lian a, hung a nei lo bawk a, sah a awl” tih a ni. Tun ṭuma raw chi hnih te hi “a pum a len bakah hung nei chi…” a nih vanga thlan a ni leh thung lawi a! Khawvelah hian rua leh mau te hi an ṭo dan a zirin chi hnihin an ṭhen phawk a, chi khat chu hung nei chi, Science ṭawngkama ‘Sympodial’ an tih a ni a, ‘tufted’ tih te, ‘caepitose’ tih te pawhin an sawi bawk. Chi dang leh chu hung nei lo chi a ni a, ‘monopodial’ tiin Science ṭawngkam chuan an sawi a, ‘running bamboo’ tiin an sawi ṭhin bawk. 

Running bamboo an tih chhan chu a zungpui (rhizome) hi a ṭhan chak vang leh a insem darh chak vang a ni; rawtuai/ mautuai te hi he rhizome aṭanga lo chawr chhuak ṭhin hi a ni. Zirmite chuan a hung nei chi aiin a hung nei lo chi hi inthlah pung chak zawkin an sawi a, tin, a hung nei hi chu a bawrkhawm luk ṭhin avangin a zung ṭhang zel tur leh tuai chhuah zel turin amah leh amah a indip (congest) hma bik. Tun ṭuma kan hruiatute raw duh chi hnih hi hung nei chi, tuai chhuah chak zawk tura sawi a ni. Hung nei lo chi, mautak ang chi ho hi inthlahpung chak lo zawk anga sawi a ni bawk. Zir mite sawi dan nen chuan a inletling hlauh thung mai. 

Kan ram hruaitu lamten a chi siam chhuaktu pakhat chauh awm angin an sawi a, Assembly House-ah hial pawh a siamtupa monu damlohna avanga a chi la dawng lo anga sawi a ni. Tunge a nih ka hre hauh lo a, Growmore Biotech Ltd neitupa, Dr Barathi kha a nih ka ring thlangawt a. Growmore Biotech hian an website (www.growmorebiotech.com)-a an tarlan danin an buaipui ber chu Beema bamboo an tih mai, Bambusa balcooa aṭanga raw chi thar deuh, tissue culture hmanga an siamchhuah chu a ni. 

Tissue culture hmanga D. brandisii ṭiak an siamchhuah chu Kerala Forest Research Insitute (KFRI), Peechi-ah te, Indian Wood Science Technology (IWST), Bangalore-ah te leh hmun hrang hrangah lei tur an neih thu Kerala State Bamboo Mission chuan an tarlang a (www.keralabamboomission.org). KFRI leh IWST te hi zirlai kan nih laiin a hmunah ngei kan lo zu tlawh a, an hnathawh ropuizia a takin kan hmu. KFRI phei hi chuan mau leh tairaw zirchianna lam bik tihchhuahna changtlung tak, ‘Journal of bamboo and rattan’ (International peer reviewed Journal) an nei nghe nghe. D. latiflorus hi chu kum 1995 khan Taiwan ramah tissue culture hmangin a chi siam chhuah a ni. 

Heng raw chi hnih hi lo neiin, kan ramah hian lo ṭhang duang ta pawh ni ta tehreng sela engtia hman nge kan tum? tih hi zawhna lian tak, kan sorkar flagship programme sawifiahnaa la sawi tel loh a ni. Sahsa lakkhawm a, phur chhuah dan tur erawh ngaihtuah tel a ni a, a hralh dan tur emaw, a sawngbawl dan tur emaw chu sawi chhuah a la ni lo. A hmanna tur hriat sa thlai leh thildang tam tak kan chawk luh tawh te pawh kan hlawhtlinpui hleih theih loh laia hmanna tur pawh kan la hriat chiah loh han bawhzui chu a huphurhawm angreng viau mai, beidawn tizualtu a ni leh ang tih a hlauhawm mang e. 

Zirmiten ram hrang hranga an hmanna an sawiah hian heng raw chi hnih te hi “tuai a tui thu leh a tuai ei atana an chin pun” a nih thu an tarlang tlangpui a; “a rua hi a duap avangin thah loh chuan a tlo lo a, rinrawla neih chi a nih loh thu” an sawi zel bawk. Zir ve lem lo, Zopa thil chika lo chik ve, Ralleng pa ho pawhin chutiang tho chuan an sawi bawk. A hmanna dang an sawi leh chu paper siamna a ni; Mizorama kan ngah êm êm, mautak hi paper ṭha chi siam nan an duh deuh bik. 

Mizoramah rua leh mau heti zat kan neih te hmusit a, ram dang mau, a ṭhat zawkna awm chuang si lo ngaisang a, lakluh phet tum mai hi engnge maw a awmzia ni dawn le? Kan rama mau awm sa hmanga siam chhuah theih tur, ramdanga thawn chhuah tlak siam chhuak thei tur zawnga hmalak hi a fuh zawk dawn lo’m ni? Rua a ni emaw mau a ni emaw, eng chi pawhin kum khat chhungin a nu a tiat tih erawh thu dik a ni, kum khat chhungin a puitlin huna a nih tur ang tiat leh chen a ni nghal ṭhin. 

Mizorama Mau-raw chungchang article dang chhiar duh tan www.bambusapiens.com/mau-mawlsawmna/ Vanglaini chanchinbua tih chhuah tawh hi chhiar belh theih a ni bawk ang. 

Anonymous (2019). Operational guidelines of National Bamboo Mission (Revised June, 2019). Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.

Dransfield, S. and E.A. Widjaja (1995). Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 7. Backhuys, Leiden.

Environment & Forest (2010). Bamboos of Mizoram. Environment and Forest Department. Government of Mizoram, Aizawl. Pp. 1 - 206

Naithani, H.B. (2006). Occurrence and flowering of a Bamboo Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro, in Nagaland, India. Indian Forester 132(3):358 – 364. 

Rhid, D. (1945). The Grasses of Burma. Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta. pp. 1-99.

Viswanath, S., Chethan, K., Srivastava, Joshi, G., Sowmya, C. and Joshi, S.C. (2013). Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz. An ideal bamboo species for domestication in humid tropics. IWST Technical Bulletin No. 12. A Publication of Institute of Wood Science & Technology, Bangalore. Pp 1- 32.