“Pianpui Ṭawng Ni” (International Mother Language Day @21 February)

Khawvela hnam hrang hrang, a bikin ṭawngpui kan tih zinga tel pha ve lo (Minority languages) ten mahni ‘pianpui ṭawng’ kan vawnhim a, kan humhalh leh chhawmnun zel theih nan kum 1999-a UNESCO Khawmpui rorel chuan February ni 21 hi ‘International Mother Language Day’ atan a lo puang a. 

Kum 2000 aṭang khan he ni hi kum tin thupui neiin UN hnuaia ram hrang hrangte chuan urhsun tak leh hlawk takin an hmang ṭhin a. Kumin 2019 pawh hian a hmunpui lam, UNESCO HQ, Paris lamah pawh he ni hi Seminar leh Workshop-te neiin an hmang leh a. MZU hnuaia Mizo Department hian kum eng emaw chen kal ta aṭang khan he ni hi MZU lamah an lo hmang ve ṭhin a, kuminah pawh hman leh tura ruahman a ni. Mizo Academy of Letters (MAL) pawhin he ni pual hian DDK, Aizawlah ‘Pianpui Ṭawng’ kan tih pawimawhna chungchang sawiin hun an hmang bawk. 

Kumin atana thupui (theme) thlan chhuah chu- ‘Indigenous languages matter for development, peace building and reconciliation’ tih a ni nghe nghe. 

February 21: Eng vanga February 21 kher hi UNESCO lamin thlang nge an nih, kan ti mai thei. He ni thlan a nih chhan hian chanchin ngaihnawm tak a nei a, tawi te han ti ri ila. 

Tun hmaa ‘East Pakistan’ tia kan hriat ṭhin, kan ṭhenawm mai ram Bangladesh hi he ni chungchanga meizanghlaptu ber an ni a. Kum 1947-a India leh Pakistan ram ten zalenna an hmuh khan, Pakistan hian an ram ṭawng (state languages) atan ‘Urdu’ chu an thlang a. A mipui tam zawkna East Pakistan lama Bengali hnamte chuan nasa taka dodalin an ṭawng ‘Bangla’ chu ‘state language’ atan telh ve turin an phut a; zirlaite leh an hruaitu thlengin thuneitute dawrin hma an la a. Nimahsela, Pakistan lam hian aw an pawh mai duh loh avang leh an kum 1948-a Assembly-a rawtna lut pawh an hnawl fithlak hmak hnuah, Bengali hnamte chuan tha thlaha ngawihsan mai tum lovin a aia nasain an nawr a, an kar a, an bei chhunzawm reng a. 

December ni 6, 1947-a he ‘Language Movement’ beihpui thlakna hmasa ber Dhakha University-a neih chu kal chho zelin kum 1952 phei kha chuan a vawrtawp a thleng ta hial tih theih a ni a. Kum 1952-a tualchhung chanchinbu pakhat Ittefaq an tih phei chuan Headline-ah ‘People give their last blood drop to establish Bangla as State Language’ tih a hmang hial a ni. February ni 21, 1952-a Aamtola, Dhaka University (tuna Dhaka Medical College) hmuna zirlaite leh hruaitute pungkhawm hnawhdarh nan ‘tear gas’ mai bakah ‘rubber bullet’ nen sorkar lamin an beih ṭum phei chuan thisen chhuahna hial thlengin zirlai ṭhenkhatin nunna an chan bawk a. Chutianga thisen chhuak khawp leh nunna hial chan meuha an beihna avang chuan kum 1956, February ni 16 khan Pakistan Constituent Assembly chuan Urdu bakah Bangla chu state language atan a pawm ve ta nghe nghe a ni. 

Chuvangin, ni 21 February hi Bang­ladesh-a Bengali-te tan ni pawimawh, ‘Language Movement’ avanga ‘Pianpui Ṭawng tana Martar’-te ni atan an kum tin an hman phah ta hial a ni. Chung mahni ‘Pianpui Ṭawng’ humhim nana nunna hial hlantute zahna leh chawimawi nan ni pah fawmin, UNESCO pawhin Bangladesh ram rawtna thlen chu pawmpuiin ni February ni 21 hi International Mother Language Day atan a lo puang ta a ni. 

‘Pianpui Ṭawng’: ‘Mother tongue’ hi ‘pianpui ṭawng’ tiin kan sawi mai nain, mihringte hi tu mah ‘pianpui ṭawng’ nei tak tak phei chu kan awm lo va; a chhan chu ṭawng chu zir chawpa thiam chauh a nih vang a ni. Kan lo pian chhuahna chhungkua, chi, hnam leh khawtlang ṭawng apiang kha kan ṭawng thiam hmasak ber chu a ni mai a. Chuvangin, Mother Tongue kan tih chuan naupangin a ṭawng thiam chian ber, suangtuah nan leh ngaihtuah nana a hman theih ṭawng apiang kha a ni mai. Ṭawng chi hnih thum lai hmanna aṭanga seilian a nih pawhin, khang zinga a thiam chian ber emaw, a nih loh pawhin a pahnih hnih emaw pawh khan a Mother Tongue chu a ni mai. 

Mizorama piang leh seilian Mizote tan chuan kan ‘Mother tongue’ chu Mizo ṭawng hi a ni deuh ber mai a. Chutih laiin Mizo hnam hrang hrang zingah mahni chibil ṭawng hran nei leh hmang tam tak kan la awm a; chung mite tan chuan an chibil ṭawng kha an ‘Mother tongue’ chu a ni mai bawk. Mizo ṭawng leh chibil 

ṭawng thiam inang reng an awm chuan a pahnih khan a ‘Mother tongue’ chu a ni e a tih theih bawk. 

India ram ang, ram zau leh lian, hnam leh chi hrang hrang khawsakna angah hi chuan ‘hnam khat, ṭawng khat’ (one nation, one language) tih hi a rem teh 

ṭeuh lohna lai a awm a. Kan ram ṭawngpui ber (official language) chu ‘Hindi’ ni mah se, Second Language (L2) English bakah mahni hnambil leh chibil ṭawng ṭheuh (Mother tongue) pawh kan hmangin kan chhawm nung zel thei a; kan tihausain kan humhalh zel thei a ni. 

Hei hi Mizote kan nihlawhna tak pawh a ni. Kan pianpui ṭawng ‘Mizo ṭawng’ hmang ngeia zirna bulṭhuta kan zir phalsak kan ni a. Tunah hian India ram state pathum- Manipur, Tripura leh Mizoramah chuan pawl hniam lam (elementary education)-ah mahni pianpui ṭawng hmangin lehkha kan la zir thei a. Ram dang (Myanmar) lamah hian Pawl Thum thlengin Mizo ṭawng zirlaibu hi tunah zir theiha buatsaih a ni chho ve ta a. Tun hma zawng kha chuan Second Language (Burmese) hmangin zirna bulṭhut aṭangin an zir chho a; Second language (L2) chu L2 veka hrilhfiah an ni bawk a; an tan chuan thiamna tak tak neia paw chhuak tur kha chuan zir fe, beih fe a ngai reng a ni. 

India rama Mizo hnamte erawh kan vannei a. Kan awmna hmun hlawm lian deuhah chuan mahni ṭawng ngeiin zirna hniam lam chu kan la zir thei zawk a. Tripura lam hian Pawl 11 & 12 bakah BA thlenga Tripura University hnuai Mizo ṭawng hi subject pakhata an zir theih nan Jampui tlangdunga Mizo awmten hma an la ve reng bawk a. Engtikah emaw chuan an la hlawhtling ngei kan duhsak takzet a ni. 

Zirna sang chin (Higher studies) lamah, Mizoram bikah chuan BA leh MA thlengin Mizo ṭawng hi subject pakhatah zir theih a lo ni tawh bawk a. MA zirna pawh hmun thum - MZU, PUC leh ICFAI lam thlengin a lo awm chho ta a. MZU hnuaia Mizo department bikah phei chuan Mphil dissertation thlengin (a duh tan chuan) Mizo ṭawnga ziah phalsak an ni bawk. Phd thesis thleng hian Mizo ṭawnga ziah theih hun hi a la awm ngei i beisei teh ang. 

Pianpui ṭawng hmanga zirna: The National Curriculum Framework (NCF), 2005 chuan zirna pawl hniam lama mahni pianpui ṭawng ngeia zirna kalpui (imparting primary education in the mother tongue of the child) hi a ngai pawimawh hle a. Chuvangin, Section 29 (2) of The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009-ah chuan, “Medium of instructions shall, as far as practicable, be in child’s mother tongue,” tiin zirlaite anmahni pianpui ṭawng ngeia pawl hniam lam zawka zirna chu kalpui turin thu a lo dah nghe nghe. A chhan chu, naupangten an pianpui ṭawng ngeia zirna an dawn khan thiamna tak tak an nei thei zawk dawn vang a lo ni. 

Pu Gandhi kha he ‘pianpui ṭawng’ ngeia pawl hniam lama zirna kalpui duhtu langsar tak a ni a. A zirna chanchin a sawinaah pawh, “Kum 12 ka nih thleng chu ka pianpui ṭawng Gujarati hmangin lehkha ka zir a... ka pawl san chhoh hnua English-a zirna ka dawn chinah khan harsa taka kum 4 chhunga ka zir zawng zawngte kha ka pianpui ṭawng Gujarati hmangin zir ni ila chuan awlsam takin kum 1 lekah ka thiam ang a; ka hre chiang zawk daih bawk ang,” a lo ti nghe nghe a ni. 

Kan ram chhunga zirna sikulah Mizo Medium aiin English Medium kan uar chho a, kawng tam takah ṭhatna awm mah se, Elementary Level-ah chuan ‘pianpui 

ṭawng’ ngeia naupangin zirna an dawn hi a tluk a la awm chuang lo tih hi zirna lama mi thiam (educationist) tam berte ngaih dan a la ni reng a. Mizo Medium aiin English Medium lam zirna hi a sum chawi leh thildang danga kan in senso zawk hi chu thu khat lo ni se, ṭhangthar kan tu leh fate hi mahni pianpui ṭawng thiam tak tak si lo; eizawnna khawpa English thiam leh tak tak chuang si lo hian kan in chhuah nasa ta lutuk em aw, a tih theih. Hei hi khuareiah chuan kan hnam leh ram hian kan la chhiatpui lo vang tih pawh a hlauhthawnawm hlel ta lo ve! 

Kan ṭawng hi kan ‘identity’ pawimawh tak a ni a. “Language is considered an instrument of culture of identity” an lo ti mathlawn lo a, eng hnam pawh hi an culture leh nihna leh an ṭawng hi a in kungkaih tlat a. Thiago phei chuan ‘culture nunna hnar (soul of culture)’ tiin a lo sawi hial a ni. Chutih laia kan ‘pianpui ṭawng’ ngei mausam zawng leh hnualsawt zawnga zirna kan kalpui chho ta vak vak te, kan pianpui ṭawng ngei kan zirna ‘Mizo subject’ kan namnul lutuk maite hi thil pawi tak, hnam leh nihna (identity) nghawnga khawih pawi thei a la ni dawn tih hria ila. 

Kan identity kan vawnhim reng theih nan leh hnam anga kan dinkhawchhuah mai piah lamah, ropui taka kan par chhuah theih nan, kan pianpui ṭawng pawimawhna leh hlutna hre thar deuh deuh ila. Zirna bulṭhut leh pawl hniam lamah phei chuan zirlai naupangten thiamna tak tak (quality education) an neih theih nan an hriat thiam chian ber ṭawng - an pianpui ṭawng ngei hmang hian zirna i kalpui deuh deuh ang u. Chuti lo zawng lehkha thiam hming pu ve si, mi thiam tak tak tling pha lo leh chhawr tlak tak tak si lo hi kan inchhuah reirui mai ang tih a hlauhawm em mai! 

Mahni pianpui ṭawng pawimawhna leh hlutna hre chiangtu, India Hnam Pa Gandhiji chuan, “Ka nu hnute ka vuan tlat ang hian ka pianpui ṭawng hi a famkim tawk lohna ang ang pawh hian ka thlahthlam phal mai dawn lo; he ka pianpui ṭawng chauh hi a ni “Nunna pe thei hnutetui’ chu ni” (I must cling to my mother tongue as to my mother’s breast, in spite of its shortcomings. It alone can give me the Life-Giving Milk) a lo ti hial a reng ni.