CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT (CDM)

Amah Lalṭhuamliana'n “… khawvel history chik taka kan chhui erawh chuan mi lian leh mi thil ti theite thupek a kawi a ngila zawm a, thu awih taka thle kual ve mai mai lo mi luhlulte zara tun dinhmin hi thleng thei kan lo ni zawk tlat si a ni,” tia a lehkhabu VANTLANG VANRAM (p. 118)-ah a ṭul huna luhlulna duhawm lantir a ṭulzia a thai lang a. Chu thu ziak ang deuh chuan 1 February 2021-ah sipai-in kan ram sorkarna an pawng lak avangin sorkar hna thawktuten ni eng emaw zat luhlulna duhawm tak lantirna beihpui (Civil Disobedience Movement) an thlak a ni. Mahni chaw bel khawn keh pawh pawisa lovin an lung awi lohzia lantir nan an hna an chawlhsan a, kawng an zawh a. He CDM-a a hnarkaitute leh huaihawttute hi mi huaisen, ram tana pasalṭha an va ni tehlul em! 

Civil disobedience an tih chu...: Civil disobedience tih chu ‘ram mi, tu-in emaw thu neitute (sorkar) thupek, ngenna leh dante zawm lova luhlul chhuah’ hi a ni awm e. Heti anga miin thuneitute chungah luhlul an chhuahin tharum an tawh lo tlangpui a; chuvangin, a chang chuan ‘dam taka lung awi loh lantirna’ (peaceful protest) emaw ‘tharum tel lova dona’ (non-viloence resistance) tia koh thin a ni. Movement tih chu mipui hma lakna a ni mai a, Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) chu ‘thu neitute thupek, ngenna leh dante zawm duh lova luhlul chhuaha hma lakna’ tiin a hrilhfiah theih awm e. 

Civil disobedience tih ṭawngkam vawrh lartu chu American philosopher Henry David Thoreau-a (1817-1862) a ni a; Thoreau-a chuan kum 1849 khan “Resistance to Civil Government” tih thusep (essay) pakhat a ziak a; a thih hnu kum 1866-ah a lecture-te a hlawmin lehkhabua-a chhuah a ni a; chu lehkhabu hming chu Civil Disobedience tia vuah a ni ta a; chuta ṭangin he ṭawngkam hi a lar chho ta hle a ni. Civil disobedience chanchin: (1) Greek lem­chan thawnthu-ah Civil disobe­dience tih ṭawngkam a chhuah hma aṭang tawhin he ngaih dan (concept) hi a piang daih tawh a. Greek thawnthu lungchhiatthlak ziaktu Sophocles-a (c. 497-405 BC) lemchan thawnthu-ah Thebes lal Oedipus-a fanu Antigone-i chuan a nuṭa Polynices-a ruang phum lo tur leh tah lo tura a pa lal ṭhutthleng luahtu Lal Creon-a thupek a dodal a; Antigone-i chuan Polynices-a ruang chu zahawm taka phum a tum lui a. Lal Creon-a hnenah mihring dan aiin ama chhia leh ṭha hriatna a zawm dawn thu leh thah tura lal vauna ai pawhin a chhia leh ṭha hriatna-in amah a vuak let dan tur a hlauh zawk thu huaisen takin a sawi a ni. 

France rama political philosophy thar hmu chhuaktu, lehkha ziak mi leh judge ni bawk Estienne de La Boétie-a (1530-1563) chuan kum 1553 khan thusep “Discours de la servitude volontaire ou le Contr'un” (Discourse on Voluntary Servitude) tih a ziak a; chu thu ziakah chuan, “Lal nunrawng takte kuta thu neihna hi mipuite pek a ni a. Rei a rial ang zela lo awngrawp a, lalna thlahlel lo leh luhlul chhuahte zalenna aia mi hur sala intat lut ta zawk khawtlang chuan mihring zalenna a hnuchhawn ta a,” tiin a sawi. 

La Boétie-a chuan lal nunrawng takte dodal lam thu a ziak nasa hle. Chuvangin, civil disobedience leh tharum tawh lova dodalna (non-violent resistance) chawi vawngtu hmasa berte zinga mi nia ngaih a ni.

Kum 1688-1689 khan England ramah sorkar thlak thutna 'Glorious Revolution' an tih mai a thleng a. Catholic lal James II chu paih thlak a ni a, a fanu Protestant kohhran, Mary-i leh a pasal Dutch mi William of Orange-a te chuan lal ṭhutthleng an luah a. He revolution-in a hrin chhuah chu lal aia mipui thlan tlin sorkar (parliament) hnena thu neihna sang zawk pek a ni. Bill of Rights tihchhuah a ni nghe nghe a, parliament member-ten ro relnaah zalen taka thu sawi theihna an nei ta bawk. 

Kum zabi 18-na hun laia finna lama harhtharna (Age of Enlightenment) lo thlengin mihring ngaihtuahna nasa takin a rawn sawi danglam a; mipui lam aṭangin dan dik lo leh ṭha lo nia ngaihte dodalna a lo chhuak a. England ramah ngei pawh dan tam tak siam ṭhat a ni a, mipui zalenna ngaih pawimawh a ni chho ta zel bawk. 

Kum 1819 khan English Romantic hla phuah thiam Percy Shelly (1792-1822)-an “The Mask of Anarchy” tih hlachham a ziak a. A hun laia thuneihna dik lo hlimthla aṭanga bul ṭanin vantlang hma lak dan tur kal phung tharin a tlip a. “Mipui tam tak pung khawm te chu hlauh nei lovin zalen rawh se,” tiin a ziak a. “Sipai sualte chu thisenin thu a sawina hmun khawtlangah zak takin an let leh ang a. Hmeichhe-hovin tual thattute chu kawng laiah an kawk ang a, an thian hluiten an kawm serh ang a, rawng taka mihring nun suattu lak ata sipai zahawmte an inthiar fihlim ang …” tiin a sawi bawk. Shelly-a thu-hla chu ṭhangthar huna “tharum tel lova lung awi loh lantirna” statement hmasa ber nia ngaih a ni. 

Shelly-a ngaih dan leh thu kalpui dan chu a chunga kan tar lan tak Thoreau-a chuan a la chhawng a; civil disobedience tih tawngkam pawh a rawn hmang lar ta hle a. Thoreau-a chuan sorkar-a lei (tax) a chawi duh loh chhan chu sal neih leh Mexican-American indona a duh lohzia lantirna a ni, tiin a sawi. “Tu pawhin thil dik lo lama palai (agent) hna a thawh chuan, chu chu ama duh thlanna ngei a ni … an sawi thin anga sorkar hi “mipui aw” a ni ngai chuan, chu aw chu bengkhawn tur a ni dawn lo’m ni?” tiin a sawi bawk. Kum 1850 chho vel khan America rama mi tlem zawkte (African American te, Juda mi te, Seventh Day Baptist kohhran te leh adt.) chuan hnam leh sakhaw inthliarna thlentu sorkar dan leh vantlang dan chu dodalin civil disobedience an kalpui a. Chu chu vawiin thlengin America rama mi tlem zawkte dikna leh chanvo humhalh dan tactics pawimawh tak a ni ta zel a ni.

Kum 1879 chho vel atangin Ireland ramah lo-ram inchuha intihbuaina “Land War” an tih mai chu a chhuak a. Leilet ram zau tak takte chu mi hausate kutah a awm a; anniho chuan sum tam takin in leh lo luah hawhtute (tenant) hnenah an lo-ram chu an hawhtir a; an duh hun hunah an pet chhuak leh mai thin. Chuti ang buaina chu sut kian a nih theih nan Irish nationalist Charles Steward Parnell-a chuan, “In leh lo luahtu an hnawh chhuah takte leilet ram hawh chhawngtu chu khawtlangin i kawm serh ang u,” tiin rawtna a siam a. Chu tactics chu mipuiin lo-ram neitute leh agent sual tak takte do let nan an hmang ta thung a. Eibar zawn har hle mah se, hna thawktu (lo, ran in leh ina hna thawktu)-ten an hna an chawlhsan a, tual chhung sum dawng mite pawhin chu’ng mite nena an sum dawnna an titawp a, dak puten lehkha thawn an sem duh lo bawk. Mipuiin kawng hrang hrangin chu’ng mite chu an dodal a; chu civil disobedience movement chuan Ireland ram pum a kang kai a; dan siam that leh Irish Independence thlenga mipui nawr kaltu a ni ta a ni.

Sawi tawh angin civil disobedience hi hmun hrang hrangah hnam hrang hrangin dan dik lo leh sorkar dik lo do nan an lo kalpui tawh a. India ram pa tia an koh thin British laka India zalenna sual chhuaktu Mahatma Gandhi-a pawh khan “tharum tel lova dodalna” (non-violent resistance) tho hi a kalpui a; a hmingah Satyagraha a vuah a; Sap tawngin “Civil Resistance” tiin a vuah thung. 

State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi-i’n man a nih hma lawkin NLD hruaitu-te Facebook page atangin sipaiin sorkarna an pawng lak chu pawm lo tur leh a remchan dan ang anga lung rual taka do turin mipuite a ngen a. NLD hruaitute leh Myanmar mipuite an hrilhhai hle a; sipai thil tih chhan let dan turah pawh an bangbo hle bawk. Sipaiin sorkarna an pawng lak atanga a ni hnihna (2 February 2021) zanah Yangon khawpui-a mipuiten an lung awi lohzia lantir nan bel/thleng an khawng ri a. Chu chuan khawpui dang a kang kai a. Facebook hmang tam takten Suu Kyi-i lem hmangin an profile picture an thlak a. Political activist-ten Facebook group an siam a; mipuite Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) kalpui turin an ngen bawk. Chu Facebook group chuan rei lo te-ah follower 150,000 a nei nghal a. Chumi nghawng kal zela ke pek chhuak hmasa berte chu mi thiam rual, doctor-te leh nurse-te an ni. 

3 Febuary 2021-ah sorkar damdawi in 74-a thawktu te, Food and Drug Administration a thawktu te leh National Health Laboratory-a thawktute chuan an hna chawlhsanin an lung awi lohzia an lantir. Chutih rualin damdawi lama thawktu tam takin sorkarna pawng lak chu an do a ni tih lantir nan ribbon sen an kawrah an bel a; kut zungtang pathum lek chhuaka salute pein Suu Kyi-i an thlawpzia an lantir; chu’ng thlalakte chu social network-ah chak takin a darh nghal bawk. Lashio khawpui-a Dr. Myo Thet Oo-a chuan, “Mahni thu chauhva ro relte (dictator) leh thlantlin ni lo sorkar chu kan pawm thei lo. Anni chuan an duh hun hunah min man thei. He thil hi hmachhawn turin thu kan titlu tawh … kan vaiin hna thawk lo turin thutlukna kan siam a ni,” tiin a sawi.

Sipaiin sorkarna an pawng lak atanga ni li a vei meuh chuan doctor, nurse leh damdawi lam thawktute bakah Ministry of Social Welfare and Relief and Settlement, Ministry of Electric Power and Energy, Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Ethnic Affairs leh College/University-a thawktuten an hna chawlhsanin CDM an thlawp ta zel a, a thenin RRC (Red Ribbon Campaign) an kalpui bawk. A ni telin CDM kalpuitu an pung zel a; mipui kawng zawh runpui a rawn irh chhuah hnu thlengin CDM chu mipui kawng zawhte au hla ber a ni ta zel a ni.

Yangon khawpuia thalai activist thenkhatte chu an thu tluang mai mai thei ta lo va, 6 February 2021-ah Yangon University campus kianga Hledan-ah kawng an zawh a. “Sipaiin sorkarna a pawng lak hi boycott rawh u! Hma hun eng tak kan nei! Sipai awpna kan duh lo!” tiin an au dual dual a; zirlai activist Htoo Ein Thin-a (fam) revolution hla an sa dual dual bawk. He kawng zawh hian mipui thinlung a hneh hle a, a tuk 7 February 2021-ah Yangon khawpui, Sule Pagoda-ah kawng zawh runpui a lo chhuah phah ta reng a; mipui 100,000 vel an pung khawm a. Chu’ng zing-ah chuan doctor, nurse leh sikul zirtirtu tam tak an tel – sorkar hna thawkte chuan luhlul chhuaha hna kal loh leh RRC kalpui chu an duh khawp lo va; anmahni ngei pen chhuakin mipui kawng zawhah an tel ta a ni.

7 February 2021-a Sule Pagoda-a kawng zawh runpui chuan ram pum a kang kai a; khawpui hrang hrangah mipuiin kawng an zawh ta mup mup a. 8 February 2021-ah sipaiin zan curfew leh mi 5 aia tam pun khawm khap behna order a chhuah a. Mahse, mipui-in chu order chu bengkhawn duh lovin ni tin a sing tel, a nuaih telin an pung khawm ta zel a; Railway, Health, Education, Transport, Bank, Post office, Air Traffic leh sorkar department danga thawktute thlengin kawng zawhah an tel ta zel a ni. Sipaiin sorkar hna thawktute chu office kaia an hna thawk chhunzawm turin a ngen a; mahse, chu ngenna chuan lukhawng a nei tehchiam lo. Social network kaltlangin mipuite an infuih tawn a; an infinchhuah tawn a – tharum tel lova kawng zawh turin an infuih nasa hle. 

Tlangkawmna    

Kan ram hi democracy ram dik taka siam tur chuan 2008 Danpui siam that a ngai a; Danpui siam tha turin NLD-in an term hmasa chhung khan thei tawp a chhuah a; mahse, a hlawtling lo. Danpui siam tha tur emaw thlak danglam tur chuan parliament-a 25% seat hauhtu sipaiin an thlawp a ngai tlat a; chu thil chu vana rah ang hlauh a ni lawi si a ni. 

Tun tuma kan rama thil thleng, CDM leh mipui kawng zawhin a ngiat chu tun hnaia sipaiin NLD hruaitute leh political activist an hren behte chhuaha mipui sorkar hnenah thu neihna pek let a ni a; chu bakah, sipai sorkar paih thlaka democracy dik tak din a ni. Chuvangin, tun tum movement hi tharum tel lova sipai sorkar paih thla tura hma lakna a ni. Mipui kawng zawhte au hla ber pawh “Revolution! A hlawhtling tur a ni!” tih a ni. 

Sipai ro relna hnuaia kun hreawmzia a taka hretute kan ni a. He indona-ah hian tlawm thei ziazang kan ni lo. CDM leh mipui kawng zawh a hlawhtlin leh tlin loh chu mi tinte kutah a awm. Kan tu leh fate tana hma hun eng tak siam turin eng nge i tih ve dawn le? 

“Tin, Aigupta lal chuan Hebrai nau chhar mite chu a bia a, chu mite chu pakhata hming Siphraii a ni a, tin, pakhata hming chu Puaii a ni a: an hnenah chuan, “Hebrai hmeichhiate nau hrinna hmuna nau in chhar hunin, mipa fa a nih chuan tihlum zel ang che u; hmeichhia a nih erawh chuan zuah tur a ni,” a ti a. Nimahsela nau chhar mite chuan Pathian an tih a, tichuan Aigupta lal thupek ang chuan an ti duh lo va, mipa fate chu an humhim ta zel zawk a.” (Ex 1:15-17)

“Civil Disobedience,” In EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG (accessed on 22.2.2021)

“Estienne de La Boétie.” In EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG (accessed on 24 February 2021).

“Junta Suspends More Social Media Sites as Civil Disobedience Movement Spreads Across Myanmar.” In WWW.RFA.ORG, 5 February 2021. Translated by Ye Kaung Myint Maung and Khin Maung Nyane (accessed on 19 February 2021).  

“The Masque of Anarchy.” In EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG (accessed on 24 February 2021). 

Myat, Mon Mon. “Is Civil Disobedience Myanmar’s New Normal?” In WWW.IRRAWADDY.COM, 15 February 2021 (accessed on 19 February 2021).

Strangio, Sebastian. “Civil Disobedience Movement Gathers Pace in Post-Coup Myanmar.” In WWW.THEDIPLOMAT.COM, in February 03, 2021 (accessed on 19 February 2021).