International Biodiversity Day, May 22, 2019

May 22, 2019 hi International Biodiversity Day a ni. Biodiversity awmzia chu, nungcha tinreng, khawmual leh tuia awm, an awmna hmun lo ram (ecosystems) telin, mita hmun theih leh hmuh theih loh te (microorganisms) nen lam a huam vek a ni. A lam sei ‘Biological diversity’ tih hi wildlife scientist leh naturalist Raymond F. Dasmann-an 1968 khan a hmang hmasa ber a. A lam tawi ‘Biodiversity’ tih hi Walter G.Rosen-an 1985 khan a hmang hmasa ber ve thung. 
Hmanah Lengzem editor, Pu Vanneihtluanga’n Mizo tawnga Biodiversity thumal phuah turin a tlangzarh a. Chuta ka rawtna chu, ‘Nungchi’ tih a ni. Hei hian thilnung zawng zawng, chi in thlah thei leh chi (seed) tel lova inthlah thei tho, entir nan, pat-ek (algae) leh Tu-far/ Thinglenbuang adt. hian par leh chi (seed) an nei lova, mah se an inthlah pung ve tho a ni. Chungte chu huam tel vekin ka phuah a, a pawm ta nge, pawm ta lo ka hre lo. Thumal (syllable) pakhat rau rau-ah chuan tha ka la ti fan a, ‘nungchi’ tiin kan hmang zel tawh ang. Tunlai khawvelin a buaipui ber zinga mi chu, khaw lum in lumlet chho zel (global warming & climate change) leh nungchi (biodiversity) chungchang hi a ni. Tun hma zawnga Mizoram boruak lum zawng 300C vel ni thin chu, April 2019-ah khan Aizawlah chuan 380C a kai ta dawrh mai! 
Mipui vantlangin ‘Earth Summit’ tia kan hriat lar, khawvel pum huapa inhmuh khawmna 5th June,1992-a Brazil khawpui Rio de Janeiro-a an neih tum khan, The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) an tih mai chu, 29th Dec. 1993-ah hman tan a ni. India hi chumi thlawptu 2na (Brazil dawttu) a ni. February 1995 khan ram 168-in an pawm a, April 1995-ah ram 188-in an pawm a, chang (article) 42 lai a nei a ni. CBD hian tih tur (objectives) pawimawh zual bik pathum a nei, (1) Nungchi (Biodiversity) humhalh. (2) Nungchi hrang hrang fimkhur tak leh hmangchang hre taka hman tangkai. (3) Nungchi atanga hlawkna awm thei ang ang a zahve ve vea insem (equal sharing of benefits) te a ni. 
Entir nan, Kumtluang zung hi Madagascar thliarkara hnam chi khat chuan zunthlum damdawi atan an hmang thin a. US Cancer Institute-in a han chhui chiang a, kumtluang hnah atangin hnute cancer damdawi ‘vincristine’ leh ‘vinblastine’ an hmuchhuak a. US National Institute of Health-in damdawi siam tura a pek drug company te nen inemsiamna (agreement) ziakin, an sum hmuh ang ang chu 50:50-in an insem tur a ni, tih a ni. Inzatsem lovin lo hmang ta se, chutiang thil chu ‘thiam thil in ruksak’(bio-piracy) an ti a, ‘patency’ a ni thei bawk. Mizorama kan ramhmul damdawi hi hmun dangah lo ‘patent’ ta se, a siamtuin a hralh char char ang a, a ramhmul neitu kan kawt der thung ang. Kutni vangthla a kan hak thin Mizo mipa kawr var leh a duma chei hi Bombay-ah nalh takin an tah a ni awm e, hetah kan lo lei a; lo ‘patent’ ta se, a hlawkna kan chan der thei a ni. Chutiang zelin, kan ram ‘hmarchate’ te hi miin lo ‘patent’ ta se, a neitu zawk kan kawt der thei; kan humhalh a ngai a ni. 
Nungchi tichhetute: Nungchi tichhe theitu tam tak an awm a. Khawvel puma biodiversity tichhetu lian ber chu, ramngaw/ ram thalai lo (agriculture) atana siam leh neih (convert) hi a ni (Sala, et al. 2000). Mizoramah leh India hmarchhakah pawh hei hi a la dik reng a. Kum 2017-a kan ram dinhmun chu hetiang a ni. (1) Tukloh ramngaw 0.62 %. (2) Ramngaw pangngai 27.8 %. (3) Thlawhbua, mau / thing nena inpawlh (Open forest) 57.8 % a ni. Kan ramngaw hloh zat chu, sq. miles 531 a ni a. Chu chu hectare 53,100 (sing nga sang thum leh za) a ni. India ramah ramngaw hloh hnem ber kan ni (SFR, 2017). Kan ram thing leh mau tichhetu dang leh chu, tuahthing lak nasat lutuk avang te, thingzai leh banril lakna sat avang te, hmasawnna hna thawh hrang hrang vang te, hruizik kheh nasatlutuk te, mau kum khat pawh tling lo kan/an lak thin avang te, hunbitukchhungawmlovamautuaikhawrhte, sangha hraite, savalehramsavehlehkah chin te, meihawlrawh, adt. a ni ang. 
Nungchi tangkainate: A thlawna boruak min petu a ni. Tui leh tuihna min siamsaktu a ni. Leilung nghahchhan min siamsaktu a ni. Lei chhunga thil hlu tinreng (minerals) min petu a ni. Leimin min vensaktu a ni. Ramsa ei tur leh chaw ei tur min petu a ni. Damdawi chi hranghrang min petu a ni. Khawlum lutuk min vensaktu a ni. Mihring mamawh chak raw chi hranghrang min petu a ni. Hnam leh sakhaw thil pawimawh min siamsaktu a ni. Thu ziak mi te, hla phuah thiam te, zin mite lehin tihhlimna min petu a ni. Science zir mite tan a hmuna thil zirna (natural laboratory) ropui tak a ni. Ramsa, sangha leh savate chenna hmun, an ‘rock-la-ua-lana, an cha-cha-chana,’ ‘an riah run’ a ni. 
Chung thilsiam dang zawng zawngte chu lei mihringte tana Pathianin awmze nei tak leh duh taka a siam, tha a tih em emte an ni a; inring tawn leh inthlung khawm vek in a siam (ecological food web/ food-chain) a ni. Chumi an inthlunkhawmna hrui pakhat te pawh tichat/ sat chat/ tichhia chu, hrawkhrui in zai chah sak ang a ni. I humhalh ang u. 
Biodiversity thuneitute: India sorkar chuan Biodiversity Dan a siam a. Chu chu, National Biodiversity Act, 2002 leh Biodiversity Rules 2004 te a ni. Thuneitu chhawng 3 a siam a. (1) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), Chennai-ah an Pisa pui a awm. (2) State Biodiversity Board (SBB) State level-a thuneitu leh (3) Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) local/ community level-a thuneitute an ni. Mizoramah State Biodiversity Board hi 2005 khan a ding a, The Mizoram Biodiversity Rules 2010 siam a ni. State Biodiversity Board chuan MZU Environmental Science/ Life science leh NGO dangte nen kum tinin International Biodiversity Day hi a hmang thin a ni. 
Nikum 2018 khan Berotlangah an hmang a. Kumin May 22, 2019 hian, ‘Our Biodiversity, Ourfood, Our Health,’ tih thupui hmangin Mamit-ah neih a ni. Mizoram Environment & Forest Consultative Forum (MEFCOF) chuan Mizoramah Zo thei huan 150 aia tam an siam thu leh ramngaw sq. km 5000 lai an humhalh thu an sawi lang a. Chung zingah chuan, Durtlang kham khi Mei Sipai ruaiin an humhalh a, saza, sava, sakhia, thehlei adt. ramngaw hnuaiah an cheng thar leh tawh a. Zote Zo thei huanah sa thar 30 chuan an humhalh a; Neihdawn Zo thei huanah YMA-in Nauban sanctuary te, MHIP-in Theihmu huan te, MUP-in Keifang huan te, Park nuam tak leh ramhmul damdawi huan te an siamin an humhalh a ni. 
Chutiang zelin Bio-Con, Eco-Club, ASEP adt. pawhin tan an la zel a. SBB, EF&CC chuan Biodiversity Register hming chawiin khaw 50 velah nungchite chhinchhiahna lehkhabu a buatsaih tawh a (MZU Campus pawh telin) khaw tinah tih zel an tum a ni. He lam hawi zawng bawk hian Mizoram Agriculture Department chuan, Mizotena hmanlai atanga tun thlenga thlai chi hrang hrang (cultivar) 60 lai an chhinchhiah tawh bawk awm e. Kan ram rohlu, lei chung lam (above ground)-ah nungchi tinreng leh lei hnuai lam (below ground)-ah natural gas leh petroleum te kan humhalh a, hmangchang hre taka kan hman tangkai a pawimawh hle. 
Mizoram nungchite: Botanical Survey of India chhut danin Mizoramah par nei chi 2170 vel; par/ chi nei lo 6; zawng (primates) chi 8 adt. awmin a report. Mizorama thlai/ hnim (plants) lam zir hmasa ber chu, A.T.Gage (1899) a ni a. Ramsa lamah chuan C.Mishra, TRRaman & AJT Johnsingh (1994) te an ni. 
Tuna hmuh chhuah tawh chinah a tlangpuiin, Rul 66 & Chungu (amphibians) 60 (M.Sawmliana 2003); Rul 60 & Chungu chi 40 (H.T. Lalremsanga etal. 2019); Phengphehlep 200 vel (HT Lalremsanga, 2018); Thosi chi 16 (H. Lalramnghinglova & Vanramliana 2012); chi 10 Vanramliana & Lalringngheti, 2019); Ramsa 87, Sava 505, Sangha 141(M.Sawmliana 2003); Sava chi 500 & Ramar chi 6 (H.Lalthanzara, 2018); Sangha  thar (new species) hmuh chhuah 16 (Samuel Lalrosanga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2019); Rul hmuh chhuah thar 1 (HT. Lalremsanga & Samuel Lalronunga, 2019); Mau chi 27 (H.B.Naithani & N.S.Bist, 2010); Canes 12 (Lalnuntluanga & H.Lalramnghinglova, 2006); Palms chi 9 (R.Vanlalpeka & Lalnuntluanga, 2019); Nauban 250 (BSI, 2001); 234 (H.Lalramnghinglova & Saithantluangi Zote, 2010); 273 + hmuh chhuah thar 3 telin (Kalidas Upadhaya, H.Lalramnghinglova & Remlalliana, 2019); Ramhul damdawi 233 (H.Lalramnghinglova, 2003); 680 (Zorinpuii Khiangte & H.Lalramnghinglova, 017); Algae; (S.K.Mehta& team,2017); Theirah chi 90 (H.Lalramnghinglova, 2001); Aidu chi 54, species thar 2 (H.Lalramnghinglova & Lalnuntluanga Vanchhawng, M.Sabu 2016; Aidu species thar 2 (BSI, Shillong 2018); Bryophytes 65 (Lalhriatpuia & Laha, 2018) leh Pteridophytes te chu zirbingna (research) neih mek a ni. 
Biodiversity leh climate change ven dan:
1. Tlangram lo neih (shifting cultivation) hi lo nghet (semi-permanent/ settled farming)-a kalpui turin kan ram leilung mil ‘technology’ chherchhuah a ngai a ni. Hemi thilah hian China, Thailand, Vietnam-ah entawn tur tha a awm. The Mizoram Changkham Technology 2015, AMFU tihchhuah rawn theihin a awm bawk. Ei leh barah hian, tihtakzeta beihpuithlak a ngai a ni. 
2. Forest Reserve, Community Forest Reserve, National Park leh Wildlife Sanctuaryte, tuna awm sate hi tuma tihbuai theih loh tura boundary pillar nghet tha tak siam a, humhalh leh enkawl. 
3. Khawpuia pem kan tam tial tial a. Hei hian awmna hmunhma a duh zau a, environment a tichhe tel bawk. Thingtlang atanga khawpuia lo pem tam tak chuan lo (jhum) an nei leh tho si a, khua an tilum zual zel a ni. Thingtlanga an pem let leh theihna tur khawp lo nghet siam a ngai a ni. 
4. Khaw lum zel tur ven nan thing phun uar ila. Tuihna tih pun nan leh tui luang ral tur khawlkhawm nan, huan leh lo-ah changkhamkham leh khur laih huan (rain garden) siam uar leh van ruahtui khawl khawm a tul hle a ni. Thing phun hi khaw lum vengtu tha ber a ni a, tui hna khawltu tha ber a ni bawk. Boruak thianghlim min petu leh kan ei leh bar leh chakkhai tinreng (material needs) min petu an ni a; lei tha siamtu an ni bawk. Ramngaw thiat zawng ni lovin, ram chereu siam tha zawngin thing phun i uar deuh deuh ang u; a awmsa humhalh nen. 
5. Biodiversity kaihhnawih Mizoram Agriculture Policy, Forest Policy leh Natural Resources Policy mumal tak neih a ngai. 
6. Thil siam zawng zawng hnena Chanchin Ṭha kan hril theihna tha ber chu, thing leh mau leh nungcha zawng zawng (nungchi) humhalh leh enkawl hi a ni. 
Prof. H.Lalramnghinglova