Engah nge mipui rorêlna (democracy) a tlukchhiat?

2017-a Harvard University-a Political Scientist pahnih, Levitsky leh Ziblatt-te’n "How Democracies Die" tih lehkhabu an tihchhuahah khan, Democracy tlakchhiat dân chi hnih an rawn tar lang a. Pakhatna chu Sipai chakna/tharum hmanga democracy paihthlakna a ni a. A pahnihna chu tharum tel loa ram dânpui democracy innghahna zawi muanga phelh darh (dismantle) a, awmze nei lo a siam a ni. 

A hmasa zawk ang khi tuna kan ram ṭhenawm Myanmar-a thleng ang khi a ni. Ka rawn sawi chhunzawm ber tur chu a pahnihna zawk hi a ni. Levitsky leh Ziblatt hian chîk tak leh thûk taka an zirchian hnuah mipui rorêlna atana ṭha lo leh hlauhawm ziarâng pali an rawn chhawpchhuak a. Chûngte chu: 

1.     Ram dânpui hnawlna leh ngaih pawimawh lohna, dânpui kalha chêtna. Inthlan result pawm duh lohna. (Rejection of democratic rules of the game). 
2.     Eptu pawl (opposition party) te engahmah ngaihlohna (denial of the legitimacy of Political opponents) 
3.     Tharum thawhna sawimawi zawnga chêt leh pawisaklohna (toleration or encouragement of violence).
4.      Chanchinbu-mite leh anmah­ni ngaihdan loa chete zalenna khuahkhirh leh an ngaihdan pawm lote dahthat emaw Jail a khung (readiness to curtail civil liberties of opponents, including media) emaw ang zawnga chetna. 

Hêng pali zîngah hian pakhat chauh pawh lo ti ṭhin an awm a nih chuan fimkhur hle tur a ni tiin an lehkhabuah chuan an ziak. Khing an rawn chhawpchhuahte khi zeldin thu mai mai aṭanga an rawn auchhuahpui a ni lo a, kum zabi 20 hnu lama khawvel pumpui

Political history an zira an chhuichianna aṭanga an rawn chhawpchhuah a ni. History kan en chuan ngaihṭha taka Democracy ram nia inngaite pawh party pakhat thuneihna leh mimal thuneihna hnuaia kun an awm nual. Entirnan: Peru ram Fujimori hnuaia a kûn dan te, Hugo Chavez a hnuaia mipui rorelna rawn tlakhniam dan te, Erdogan, Turkey-a rorelna a sawhngheh dan te, Hitler an Nazi party hmanga Weimar Republic a rawn tihchhiat dan te, leh a dang tam tak sawi tur a awm teuh a ni. 

US President kal chhuak ta  Donald Trump-a pawh kha khi point 4 hmanga kan teh chuan a lo hlauhawm hle a ni. Levitsky leh Ziblatt pawhin, US President-ah chuan mahnia lal hrawt (Authoritarian) ziarâng la nei nasa ber niin an sawi. Kum 2016 election a chak hnu lawk pawh khan, vote kha tihchingpen (rigged) a ni tiin thu ala sawi hram a nih kha. "Popular vote-ah pawh ka chak, illegal voters ho vote nuai tam tak in chhiar tel loh chuan" tiin a la sawi ngam a ni. 

Nikum election-ah pawh a ngaite bawkin election result chu a sawisel leh a. A chakna election pawh sawisel chuan a chaklohna election chu a sawisel nasa hle a nih kha. Point pakhatna khi kan en chuan Trump-a chet dan kha Democracy ram tana thil hrisel lo em em a ni. President thar lâk luh a nih dawn ni hma thleng khan a chak lo kha a pawm duh lo a, White House-ahte pawh tharum thawhna a thlen phah a nih kha.  Mahse US ho inkaihhruaina ruangâm ṭha tak, hruaitu ṭha lo leh hlauhawm laka mipui zalenna venghimtu meuh chu a su tlang zo bik lo a ni. 

Thil pawi deuh erawh chu: Democracy ram zawng zawngin an entawn ber chu America a ni a, a saptawng takin "Leader of the free world" title pawh an hmehbel ber ni reng ṭhin President-in an ram electoral system a chak loh vangin a sawisel chiam mai hian hun lo awm zêl tur atan thil hlauhawm (dangerous precedent) a thlen a ni. Hei hi Democracy ram dangin hun lo la awm turah an entawn ve lo ang tih a sawi theih loh. Kan sawi tum hi i hrethiam em aw? Tuna, Myanmar a Coup awm pawh kha, an ram election result pawm duh loh vang a nih kha maw? 

Kum 1975 a INC Sawrkarna hnuaiah khan Emergency puan a ni - 1977 thleng khan. Hemi hun chhûng hian mipui zalenna chu rahbeh niin, opposition party member tam tak Jail-ah khung an ni. Kha hun kha, mi thiam tam tak chuan Democracy ram a nihna anga India-in a hun tawn thim ber a ni an ti hial. Nikum khan hemi chungchang lehkhabu "India's First Dictatorship, The Emergency, 1975-1977" tih chu  Christophe Jaffrelot leh Pratinav Anil-te’n an chhuah nghe nge a ni. Mahse kan federal system ṭha tak avangin he hun thim hian mipui zalenna chu a rapbet rei thei ta chuang lo a ni. 

Amaherawhchu, tunhnai NDA Sawrkar hnuaiah hian India zalenna dinhmun chu mi thiamten a tlahniam tiin report an pe tlat mai. Mipui rorelna, mipui zalenna leh an dikna chanvo (Democracy, political freedom, and human rights) zirchianga lo teh thintu pawl lar leh rintlak em em, Freedom House-in an report-naah chuan India chu 'ram zalen' aṭangin 'ram zalen fumfe lo' ah an tla thla tiin an ziak mauh mai! A chhan a tarlannaah chuan Muslim tihduhdahna te, Sawrkar lai ngaihdan kalh zawnga che Professor leh activist te an man vang leh chhan hrang hrang avangte a ni. 

Democracy ram tana pawimawh tawp khawk chu kan Judiciary hi a ni a, an pawimawhna chu Football kan khêl a, kan duh duh dana kan khêlh loh nan leh fair tak leh felfai taka kan khelh nana Referee-in game a thunun ang hian kan Judiciary hian Sawrkar lai Party ten mipui rorêlna thuthlung (democratic princple)  ṭhiat zawnga an chet loh nan a kaihruai tur a ni a. Party bil leh mimal duhdan ang ringawta kal loh nan kan referee an ni tihna nih ber chu.   

Kan ram India ve thungah erawh kan Chief Justice of India (CJI) chhuak ta, a service lai pawh a, Sawrkar lai Party awn deuh hlek anga an puh chu, BJPin Rajya Sabha member ni tûrin alo ruat ta mauh mai si a. Hei hian kan Judiciary hi a zalen (independent) chiah em tih zawhna lian tak a rawn siam a. Gogoi hi CJI atanga a pension hnu lawka MP nomination Sawrkar in an pêk hmasak ber a ni nghe nghe. 

Hmanni lawkah kan liberal University neih ṭhat ber pawla ngaih Ashoka University aṭangin Professor thiam leh lar em em Pratab Bhanu Mehta chuan he University tan hian ka hnawk a ni, a saptawngin takin "I am a Political liability" tiin banna a theh lut a. Liberal University inti siin, an Professor-te thuziak khuahkhirh an tum tlat mai a.  Ani hi BJP Sawrkar kaldan dik lo vel ziak huai pâwl a ni a, an University hotu ten, a thiamna leh finna a hman dan hi kan vênhimpui (defend) theih piahlam a ni an ti mauh mai si a. Thawh rengna tlakah a ngai tawh lo ni ngei tur a ni, a bang ta hmak mai! 

Article 19ah chiang taka inziak, Freedom of Expression hi a chêp telh telh ta em ni, NDA Sawrkar hnuaiah hian?  Indira Gandhi in, "Mimal dikna chanvo ṭhenkhat hi ram pum ṭhatna atan dahbo a ngai" a tih ang deuh khan, tun BJP Sawrkar pawh hian India ram nihdan tur (idea of India) chu anmahniin an sawifiah a, chumi anga che lo te chu, ram hmelma (anti-national) tiin, dân Taliban tak hmangin an man hmiah hmiah zêl a, an mimal dikna chanvo an rahbeh sak a ni. 

India hian US ang thoin Federal Structure ṭha tak a nei a, chu chuan kan Democracy tluchhe thei tur pawh a veng viau a. Kum 1975 - 77 hun thim tak a paltlang theih chhan pawh kha a ni. Chuan kan federal structure  dânpui vangte hian  hmarchhak state pawh hian State dangten an dawn loh kan dawng nual bawk a, hei hi "assymetric federalism" tih a ni bawk. 

Entirnan: Sixth Schedule, Art 371 G angte hi a tichiangtu a ni. Sawi thui lutuk tawh lo ila, kan sawi tum ber chu he kan dânpui hian mipui rorêlna (mipui tih hian Vai chauh ni lo in, hnam hran leh sakhaw hran hran te a huam vek) tih chhiat a nih loh nan a venghim a ni. 
Amaherawhchu, ngaihṭhat viauna tur erawh a ni chuang lo, a chhan chu Weimar Republic ho dánpui pawh kha German mithiam tak takten mipui rorelna atana ṭha ber tur tia an duan a ni chûng khan, Hitler-a rorêlna uchuak erawh a lo dang thei bik lo a nih kha. Mark Twain-a’n, "History hi a ngai ang chiah chiahin a thleng lo, mahse riin ang a nei chawk a ni" (History does not repeat, but it often rhymes) a tih ang khân. 

Tunhnai hian 1975-'77 hunlaia ri ngaihnawm loh ang kha a awm chho leh ta zeuh zeuh a. Mi thiam ṭhenkhat phei chuan tiang hunlai ai khan a hlauhawm zawk te an ti hial tawh a ni. Hei hi insawiṭhaihna a nilo tih kan hriat a ṭha, kan dinhmun kan hriata, kan lo inpuahchah theih nân leh kan inven nan zawk a ni. 

Pawimawh ber ta chu mipuite hi kan mutthluk loh a, politics tual zualah hian kan ngaihtuahnate kan sên a, kan ngaihven a ṭul takzet a ni. Plato-a khan democracy ṭhat loh chhana a puh ber chu, a mipuiin kan zirlohna hi a ni a,  mipui rorêlna hi a mipuia ten kan zir miau loh chuan rorelna kha a dik thei ngai dawn lo tihna a ni. Keimahni tana ṭha lo tur thilte kan thlang mai mai dawn tihna nih ber chu. A tira Democracy tlukchhiat chhan kan sawi pahnih zinga a pahnihna khi chu an mipuit'n politics an ngaihven tawk loh leh an vengvat tawk loh vang a ni ber. 

Freedom House report-in kan zalenna dinhmun a tlahniam tia an report hi, keini Indian Union chhunga awm Mizoram mipuite pawhin kan ngaihpawimawh ve viau a ngai. Mipui rorêlna tlahniam tur venna ah hian chanvo kan nei ve a ni tih hi i theihnghilh lo ang u. 

Anthony Lalchhuanmawia