Intellectual Property Rights hi i hmelhriat ve tawh em?

Intellectual Property chu eng nge?: April 26, 2019 hi World Intellectual Property Rights day a ni. Mihring thiamna hmanga thil eng pawh, mipui mamawh leh duh zâwng siam chhuahte hi Intellectual Property kan tih te chu a ni. Khawl lam thil te, lehkhabu ziah te, hla phuah te, lemziah te, film te, rimawi te, sumdawnna hming leh symbol te, damdawi siam chhuahte leh khawi hmun aṭang emawa thil siam chhuah chi hrang hrangte hi a huam vek a ni.

Intellectual Property Rights pawimawhna: Kan tunlai khawvel, tharum ngahte aia mi thluak ṭhate dinchanna khawvela kan chên tawh lai leh information technology vanga khawvel pang lehlama thil thlengte pawh a thlen rual deuh thawa awlsam taka kan hriat zung zung theih tawhna, thurûk neih pawh a harsat tawhna khawvelah hian kan din khawchhuah ve theihna tura ngaihtuahna, tha leh zung kan sênte hi a taka chantir a nih chiah hian mi dangte hian awlsam takin an lo entawn ve zung zung thei tawh ṭhin. Kan ‘idea’ hmanga kan chaw bêl siam chu nasa takin min rawn chuhpui thei ta ṭhin a ni.

Tunlai khawvelah chuan thil thehdarh a awlsam lutuk tawh a, kan idea aṭanga kan thil siam chhuah ṭha tak mai, phûng zinga piring vawrh ang maia hralh tla tur pawh hi mi dangin a thlalak leh video aṭangin awlsam takin an lo entawn ve zung zung thei tawh a. Entawn an tam zawh poh leh kan hlawk lo tulh tulh mai dawn a ni.

Heng ‘copycat’ te khap bet a, an laka invenna atan leh a siam chhuaktu leh ngaihtuah chhuaktuin a hlawkna a chan theihna atana sawrkarin humhalhna dan a siam hi Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) chu a ni a, India ramah hian chu’ng IPR dan chu chi hrang hrang kan nei a ni.

IPR chi hrangte: IPR hi hlawm lian deuh deuh pangaah ṭhen sawm a ni a, chungte chu han sawi leh ta ila:

1. Patent: Patent chu mipui mamawh tur thil, khâwl lam chi emaw, damdawi lam chi pawh huam telin, khawvela la awm ngai lo, kan ngaihtuahna leh kan hriatna hmanga kan siam chhuah, mi dangin kan siam chhuah ang chiaha an lo siam chhawn ve tawh lohna tura venhimna a ni. Entirnan, Mizo pa pakhatin electric current hmanga kuhva thel faina khawl a siam chhuak a, sawrkarah patent file-in, dân ang taka patent nei turin a buaipui a. Patent a neih tawh chuan a khawl siam chhuah ang chiaha lo siam chhuaka lo hralh vete chu dan hmanga thubuai siamsak theihna a nei tawh ang a, hei hian nasa takin a hlâwkna mi dangin an lo tél ve tur a véng thei dawn a ni.

Kan khawvel thiamna sang zelah patent pawimawhna kan hmu tulh tulh a. Khawvela smartphone siam chhuaktu company lian pahnih Apple leh Samsung inkâra patent thubuai ringawt pawh ngaihnawm tham tak a awm. Chutih rual chuan, patent right neih hi thil awlai tak a ni lem lo a, beih ve fe a ngai. Patent right hi register aṭanga kum 20 chhung a nung a ni.

2. Trade Mark: Trade mark chu sumdawnna lam khawihtute’n mipui hnena an intarlanna symbol a ni ber a. Thumal emaw, number emaw, a inkawp pawhin a hman theih a; symbol design danglam deuh a hman theih bawk. Lam rîk awlsam, mi dangte pawi sawi lo a ni tur a ni. Sakhaw inhuatna tilang thei thil te, zahmawh lam rawng kaite erawh phal a ni lo. Mi dangte ‘mark’ hman tawh sa nena inang lutuk hman phal a ni lo bawk. Trade mark register chu kum 10 chhung a nung a, renew leh zel theih a ni. Mizote zingah pawh sumdawn nana trade mark register tawhte an awm ve nual ta.

3. Design: Design chu thil siam chhuah te, a leitu mipuite mit la thei tura a pâwn lam hmelhmang lan dan sawina a ni. Design-te hi a register theih a, kum 10 a nung. Mahse, heath hian token te, card te, label-te leh stamp-te hi telh theih a ni lo; a chhan chu, a chei mawina tel lo hian paper hlang ringawt a nih tawh vang a ni. Registered design-te chu mi dangin a neitu phalna la hmasa loin an lo hmang ve ngawt thiang tawh lo a ni.

4. Copyright: Copyright chu thu leh hla lama tui mi te, rimawi lam tuite leh film siam lama tuite kutchhuak, phalna nei lova mi dangin hlawkna atana an lo hman lohna tura danin a humhalhna a ni. Chi hrang hrangah ṭhen a ni. Chungte chu - Artistic Works (lemziak, thil ker mawi, thlalak); Literary Works (thu leh hla, lehkhabu leh computer software); Cinematographic Works (film che thei); Musical works/ sound recording (rimawi lam) te an ni.

Copyright bik hi IPR pêng dangte ang lo takin registration nei tura dil ve kher a ngai lo a, a siamtuin a siam zawh rualin copyright a nei nghal a, sawrkara register duh pawhin a tih theih vek tho. Copyright hi a tlangpuiin a neitu dam hun chhung bakah, a thih aṭanga kum 60 chhung a dam a ni.

5. Geographical Indication (GI): Khawi ram emaw, khua emaw, hmun emaw aṭanga thil siam chhuah leh thar chhuah te venhimna hi GI hian a huam. India ramah chuan thlai lam (agriculture), kuta thil siam chhuah (handicraft), ei tur (foodstuff), thil siam chawp (manufactured goods) leh leilunga awm sa (natural goods)-te hi an register ṭhin. GI register tur chuan leilung nena inkungkaihna te, a lo chhuahnate (proof of origin), a nihphung leh pian ziate chiang taka ziah a ngai. IPR péng dangte ang lo takin GI hi chu mimalin neih theih a ni lo; pawl anga neih chi a ni. GI registration hi kum 10 chhung a dam a, renew leh zel theih a ni.

Thingpui tui tak Darjeeling Tea te, Assam ho Muga Silk-te hi GI registration nei tawhte an ni a, kum 2014 khan ‘Mizo Hmarcha’ pawh hi register a ni. Tunah hian Patent Information Centre (PIC) leh Art & Culture department hmalaknain Mizo puan chi 5 chu register dil mek a ni.

Tlawngkawmna
Mizo mipuite’n Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ken­kawhna lama hma kan sawn theihna atan Patent Information Centre (PIC) chu Mizoram Science, Technology & Inno­vation Council (MISTIC) hnuaiah din a ni a. He centre hian IPR chungchang in hrilhhriatna (awareness) a neih ṭhin bakah, a duh apiangte a pui ṭhin. Tualchher thil siam chhuah lama tuite pawhin an hmang ṭangkai chho ta hle a ni.

C. Laltlanzuala, Scientist-B Patent Information Centre, MISTIC, DST