INDIA PAHNIH-I

Kum 1893 khan Swami Vivekananda chuan World Parliament of Religions, Chicago-ah thu ropui leh hriat zui hlawh tak a sawi. Chu a thusawiah chuan India ram ziarang tarlangin rin hrang leh ziarang hrangte zalen taka an lenna, sakhaw hrang hrang e leng taka angkhata pawm tlan vek a nih thu a tarlang a. Swami Vivekananda hi kum zabi 19-na chhoah ram leh hnama harhna meichher rawn chhikaitu pawimawh berte zinga mi nia hriat a ni. Jawaharlal Nehru te, Mahatma Gandhi te, C. Rajagopalachari te leh India ram zalenna a sulsutu tam takte hma lo hruaitu ropui tak a ni. Vivekananda hi Hindu sakhua chawisan tumtu ni mah se  sakhuana a kalpui dan leh sakhaw dang leh ze hrang a pawm dan te hi nakin zela kan sawi tur nen kan la khaikhin dawn a ni. India ram hmathlir a neihah chuan ‘ngaihtuahna chu Vedanta (Hindu sakhaw inzirtirna) ang... taksa chu Islam ang’ tiin Hindu leh Muslim inpumkhatna rim nam a tarlang a ni. 

‘India’ tih kan lam rik ruala a hming lam tel loh theih loh leh India mipui tam tak rilru a thu leh hla hmanga ram hmangaihna thinlung tuhtu pawimawh ber pakhat Rabindranath Tagore, British ho a dodalna avanga kumpinu chawimawina nopui, ‘Sir’ (knighthood) nihna pe kir ngattu khan ‘nationalism’ kalpui fuh loh avanga inhuatna leh daidanna bang siam a, mihring leh mihring inṭhendarh zawnga kalpui hi a duh loh zawng tak a ni a, hetiang lamah hian khawthlir thiangzau tak a nei a ni. Nehru bawk khan “Tagore hi ka ngaihtuahna hruaitu a ni a, Gandhi hi ka pen dan hruaitu a ni” tiin a lo sawi hial a ni. 

India-in zalenna a neih dawn ni, 14 August, 1947 khan India ram Prime Minister hmasa ber Jawaharlal Nehru chuan thu ropui tak, ‘Tryst with Destiny’ tia hriat hlawh zui ta chu a sawi a. India-in zalenna nei tura zinkawng thui tak a lo zawh tawh leh India hmakhua tur hmathlir ropui tak a sawi a. Chu a thusawi zingah chuan “Tute pawh, eng sakhaw vuantu pawh hi India mi kan ni a, dikna chanvo leh mawhphurhna intluktlang kan nei a ni” tiin a lo sawi a ni. 

India ram danpui duanna atana a khaipa ber, Drafting Committee Chairman, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar khan Bombay Assembly-ah “He ramah hian Hindu culture (nunphung) emaw Muhammadan culture emaw Kanarese emaw Gujarati culture bik tan hmun a awm ka hre lo. Mi zawng zawng hi Indian ni turin ka duh a, Indian nihna hi a hmasa leh a hnuhnungah awm se, thildang ni lovin…” tiin a lo sawi. Sakhuana emaw ziarang pakhat bik dah hmasakna ni lo, mitin ‘Indian’ nihna a leng taka kan khawsakho theihna a ngai pawimawh a ni. 

India ram zalenna sual chanchin sawi apianga a hming lam rik loh a kim lo, Bhagat Singh khan, ‘Why I Am an Atheist’ tih a ziakah chuan a naupan deuh lai aṭanga ‘atheist’ (Pathian awm ring lotu) ni tawh niin a insawi a. India ram zalenna atana a martar kha ‘Hindu Lalram’ din turin a martar lo tih a chiang hle bawk. 

A chunga ngaihdan hrang hrang kan sawi takte hian ‘India’ nihphung (idea of India) chu chiang takin a tarlang. Sakhaw hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrangte lungrual taka kan len tlanna kalphung, ‘pluralism’ (pakhat/ chi khat aia tam inpawlhsawpna leh pawmtlanna) chu a chunga kan sawi takte ngaihdan nen pawh khian a inmil thlap a ni. India ram mi leh sa hrang hrang, inpersan tak tak kan ni chunga kan inpumkhatna ‘Unity in diversity,’ nunphung leh tihphung inpersan tak tak ni chunga inantlanna (uniformity) ni lo, inpumkhatna (unity) chu India ram nihphung tarlan dan kawng pawimawh tak pakhat zawk a ni bawk. 

Kan sawi takte ep chiah hian ngaihdan leh thlirdan hran hlak a awm a, chu chu RSS fa hrin political party, BJP te ngaihdan hi a ni. 

1923 khan Vinayak Damodar Savarkar chuan, ‘Hindutva’ tih lehkhabu a tichhuak a. Savarkar hian sakhuana firfiak taka kalpuiin 'ram leh hnam tana ṭhahnehngaihna' (nationalism) nen la kawp a, filawr taka ‘Hindu nationalism’ rawn chawilartu a ni. ‘Indian nationalism’ aiah ‘Hindu nationalism’ a kalpui a, Hindutva chu thlarau lam thil mai ni lovin Hindu-na chu thuk takin thlahtu bul lam aṭanga thuhmunna te, hnam ziarang leh ṭawngte thlenga pumkhatna nena kalkawp nia sawiin India rama an sakhaw piangte leh India ram chu ram thianghlim anga chhal te chauh Hindu mi niin a ngai. 

Hindu nihna leh ‘Indian’ nihna chu thil thuhmun anga kalpuiin Hindu ni lote chuan ‘Indian’ nihnaah hian hmun an chang lo a ni. RSS lehkhabu tihchhuah pakhat, ‘The man and his Mission’ tihah chuan Hindu te chu Indian hnam nihna (nationality) kengtu bik anga ngaih niin Hindutva chu nationalism anga ngaih a nih thu tarlan a ni. Nehru te India erawhin a ram chin (citizenship based on territory) tehfungah hmangin, eng sakhua leh hnam pawh ni rawh se British India ram bung huam chhunga awm nih chuan India khua leh tui a ni nghal tihna ni. Sarvarkar erawh chuan ram leh Sakhuana chu a dah hrang lo a, India hi Hindu ram, rinna, sakhua leh hnam ziarang nen a suihzawm tlat a ni. 

Savarkar vek hian Congress te a demnaah an thil tihsual lian tak chu hnam ziarang te, sakhuana te thlahtu lama thuhmunna te ngaihtuah lova ram bung khat huam chhunga khawsakna avanga pum khat nihna lam an kalpui chu na takin a dem a ni. A lehkhabu ‘Hindutva’ ah pawh ti hian a ziak, "Muslim leh Christian te chu he ram mi an ni lo, a chhan chu an sakhaw dan leh dun te hi he ram aṭanga chhuak a ni ve lo a, chuvangin Hindu-ah pawm theih an ni lo." Chuvang chuan Christian leh Muslim chu Sarvarkar a India-ah kan leng ve lo a ni. Hei hian Savarkar a ngaihdan chiang taka tarlangin tuna India ram chhunga rin hrang, hnam hrang, ze hrang leh ṭawng hrangte ram bung khat chhunga chenga ‘pumkhat nihna’ (territorial nationalism) pawm dan  kalh chiah hian sakhuana te, hnam ziarang te, ṭawng thuhmun nihna te hmanga ‘pumkhat nihna’ (cultural nationalism) kalpui a tum hi a bikin hnam tenau zawk leh sawkhaw zuitu tlem zawkte tan thil ṭha lo leh hlauhawm tak a ni. 

1920 chho ah khan British awpbehna ata talchhuak tura beihna kawngah Gandhi a ngaihdan, ‘Hindu-Muslim ṭanrualna’ pawm lotu langsar tak zingah chuan Savarkar a zirtirna pawmtu, Congress mi leh sa ni ṭhin, KB Hedgewar a tel a. (Hedgewar hi 1998 ah Vajpayee (BJP) sorkarin kum 1999 khan a kum 110 na pualin postage stamp a siam hial a ni.) Hedgewar hi India-in zalenna a sual lai khan Gandhi a hmalaknaa a tel duh lo leh tel lo tura a mi leh sate fuihtu a ni. Gandhi hmalaknaah a tel a, jail-a a tan ṭum pawhin a tum ber chu an pawl (Sangh) zirtirna thutlung ‘Hindutva’ midang hnena tuh a ni tih a chanchin ziakna RSS-in an tihchhuah chuan a tarlang nghe nghe. 

1923 ah chuan Savarkar a zirtirna chhawm­nungtu, Hedgewar chuan pawl pakhat, Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS) chu a lo din ta a a ni. RSS hi a tirah chuan NGO angin an awm ber a, Hindu nunphung leh ziarang chawisanna leh inzirtirna a ni ber. Hetih vel lai hian political party pahnih, Hindu Mahasabha leh Muslim League a awm bawk a ni. (RSS leh Hindu Mahasabha mi leh sa ni kawp, Nathuram Godse chuan 1948 khan Mahatma Gandhi chu Muslim te hmakhua ngai lutuk nia ngaiin a kaphlum). 

Hedgewar-a hnungzuitu leh kum 30 chuang zet RSS hotu leh thluak bur, M.S Golwalkar chuan Savarkar a zirtirna kha chhawm nung zelin a lehkhabu ziak, ‘Bunch of Thoughts’ ah chuan hmakhawsang ata tawh India ram chu Hindu te ta a ni a. Muslim te leh Kristian te chu pawn lam mi India runtu (invaders) mai an ni tiin a sawi. He lehkhabuah vek hian Kristianten an sakhuana thil an kalpui zel chungchang a ngaimawhzia thui takin a ziak a, Hindu ho tan pawm theih a nih lohzia nen. Hei mai hi duhtawk lovin a lehkhabu ziak ‘We, or Our Nationhood Defined’ ah chuan Germany a Hitler-a vanglai tarlangin German ho in hnamdang ho (a bikin Jews thisen kai) tharum hmanga timang vek tura an beihna chu hnam hrang leh thlah hrangte pum khat an nih theihlohzia tarlanna a nih thu leh Hindu te pawhin Hindustan dinna tur kawngah zirlai an zirna tur hmanrua niin chhuang takin a tarlang a ni. ‘Nation’ chu enge ni tih a lehkhabuah khian a hrilhfiah bawk a, a ziahdan chuan nation chu culture, ṭawng, sakhaw inang, thil thuhmun inṭawm a ni, a ti. ‘Thil thuhmun’ a tih chu Hindu ṭawng un (Sanskrit hmang tute), sakhua leh culture te a ni. Chumi thuhmuna tel ve lo chu Indian-ah pawm theih an ni lo a ti bawk. 

1934 ah chuan All India Congress Committee chuan resolution siamin Congress mi leh sa chu Hindu Mahasabha, RSS leh Muslim League-ah tel a remti ta lo. Hun a lo kal zel a, sakhuana behchhana kal, Savarkar pawh President (1937) a lo nih tawhna, Hindu Mahasabha leh Savarkar a zirtirna a lo piang, RSS chuan insuihfin an rel ta a. Hetih laia RSS hotu, Gowalkar (Hedgewar thlaktu) chuan a lo remti a, political party pakhatah in chhun finin 1951 ah ‘Bharatiya Jana Sangh’ a lo piang ta a ni. 

Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya, ‘Hindutva’ chhawmnungtu lar tak chu 1967-68 chhung he party president  hi a ni zui a ni. Upadhyaya hi BJP ideology duangtu pawimawh tak nia ngaih a ni. A hmaa mi, Golwalkar ngaihdan ang lo deuh khan a ni hi chuan Muslim te chu Hitler-an Juda a suat anga suat lovin ‘India mi anga an nun’ a ngai a ni, a ti. Hindu te chu chaw anga tehkhinin Muslim te chu vaivut ang an ni a, chawa vaivut a awm chuan a bawlhhlawh ṭhin a, thenfai emaw, Muslim te chu ‘India mi pangngai’ anga siam an ngai a ni, a ti. 

Upadhyaya thih hnuah 1977 khan Bharatiya Jana Sangh chu opposition party dangte nen infinin Indira Gandhi sawrkar paih thla turin ‘Janata Party’ an din a. Janata Party hi RSS inrawlh chungchanga ngaihdan inan loh avangin an phel leh a; a hmaa RSS nena inchhunfin apiang, Bharatiya Jana Sangh te khan Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) an din ta a ni. Narendra Modi sorkar chuan Upadhyaya hming chawi hian India rama hmun pawimawh hrang hrang leh sawrkar policy pawimawh tak tak hming a lo thlak nual nghe nghe a ni. 2002 khan BJP kaihhruai NDA sorkar laiin Port Blair International Airport chu ‘Veer Savarkar International Airport’ tiin thlak a lo ni tawh bawk. 

Prime Minister, Narendra Modi hi RSS a chhum hmin niin ‘pracharak’ lo ni tawh a ni a, Home Minister, Amit Shah pawh hi ABVP a tel ṭhin a ni. Modi kaihhruai sorkar hmasa kum 2014-a a din khan BJP Minister 66 zinga 41 chu RSS mi leh sa an ni. BJP President Amit Shah hi RSS meeting pawimawhah vawi engemawzat a tel a, sorkar thutlukna pawimawh tak tak sawipui tur hian RSS hotu lute a dawr fo a ni. 

A tir lama kan tarlan tawh leh a hnuhnung lama kan tarlante ‘India’ chu a inpersanzia kan hre thei awm e. 

Hindutva ideology pawmtute India-ah chuan Christian leh Muslim kan leng ve lo. Kum zabi 20-na a pawl hlauhawm ber Nazi ho thil tihdan pawmtute India chuan sakhaw hrang hrang zalen taka awm khawm theihna India hi an pawm ve lo a. Hetiang ang ngaihdan hlauhawmzia hi Hannah Arendt khan a lehkhabu ‘The Origin of Totalitarianism’ ah chiang takin a ziak a, "mihring leh a pawl ang te a kan danglamna (plurality) nuai bo tumna kha Holocaust thlentu ber" a ni a ti. 

Danglamna leh inanlohnate inang vek tura hrut rual tumna leh danglamna nuai bo tumna hian rah ṭha a chhuah ngai lo. India mi leh sate kan danglamna zawng zawng te kara inpumkhatna pawmtu leh kan danglamna pawm lotu, a khawi zawk hi nge i thlan dawn?