TUI HNA I SIAM ANG AW

Zoramin Covid 19 hripui kan vei mek laiin kumin-ah chuan kum danga ‘Ṭo ruah’ haw fe hun tawh, April thla tawp lamah khua la khengin Zoram hmun hrang hrangah kangmei a chhuak chuah chuah mai a. Dt. 28.4.2021-a IAF helicopter-in kang an rawn ṭhelh dawn pawhin luipuiah tui chawi tur an hmu zo lo ṭep ta mai. Chutih laiin Mizoramin kan lui neih lian leh sei ber Tlawng lui chu a kàm nasat em avangin Aizawl leh Lunglei lamah chuan khawpui chawmna tur tui pump tur kan haihchham hman ṭep ta. Thaw a pik tak meuh mai.

He kan chhiat tawhnain min zirtir ṭha tak erawh chu tuihna humhalh pawimawhzia a takin kan hre tain tuihna humhalh tura ṭangkai ber leh a awmchhun nia kan ngaih – ramngaw humhalh leh ramngaw siam tura thing phun uar chu kan auhla ber a ni ta. Chhiat kan tawhna azara harh tharna kan chang hi a hlu hle mai.

Tui hna hi engtia lo insiam nge?
Tui hna hi khawi dang aṭanga insiam ni lovin ruahsur hi a hna pui ber a ni a. Ruah a lo surin a tam zawk chu hmun hniam lam panin an luang ral (surface run off) mai a, tuihna siam turin a ṭangkai lo phawt. A dang lehah chuan lei chung lang an tihuh/tihnawng a, chung lei chung lang hnawng chu tuihuah changin boruakah a let leh a. Hei pawh tuihna siamtu a ni leh pek lo. Ruah a lo surin eng emaw zat chu luang ral ve lovin lei chhungril lamah a lut a. Tui lo paikhawmtu ti mai ila, lung leh lei inpawlh lei thuahthip – aquifer zone an tihah a zuk pût lût a. He aquifer zone-a tui a luh hnem poh leh he layer-a tui chim chin (water table) kha a lo sang a. He aquifer zone aṭang hian muangchangin lei pawn lamah a lo put chhuak leh a. Hei hi tuikhur leh luia tui hna lo siamtu ber chu a ni ta a ni.

Thing phun hian tui hnaa siam em?
Mi nawlpuiin kan ngaihdan ang lo takin,“Thingkung hian tuihna a siam lo” ti ila kan awih lo hlawm viau ang a, mahse, a dik tlat si. Thing hian lei chhunga tui kha hipin boruakah a phuhchhuak (transpire) reng a, thing ṭhang chakho phei chuan lei a tichar chak thei hle. Ram changkang ṭhenkhat pawhin social forestry an tih nasat avangin an tuihna a tlem phah zawk hlauh thung!!! Chuti tuihna humhalh turin ngaw kan vat chereu mai zawk dawn em ni ang?

Vat chereulul lo e a. Ramngaw (forest) hi tuihna humhalh tura aṭangkai dan chu a thing hring ni lovin, a hnah leh a zar ro, leia tla (litter) kha a ni zawk a. Litre-in chhekkhawm kha a chhah ṭhat hle chuan ruah a lo surin lei chungah tui kha luangral mai lovin a lo chelh ding a, chuvang chuan ngaw chhah tak hnuaia tuihawk luang tur meuh chuan ruahpui vanawn a sur a ngai ṭhin. Tin, chung hnahthel rote, leia chang tura lo ṭawih (decompose) mek – duff an tihte leh lei ṭhaa chang humus-te hian tui a pai tam thei em em a, ṭhal laiah pawh ngawpui hnuai lei chung lang hi a hnawng chuap ṭhin a nih hi. Tichuan, ruahtui luang ral mai tur kha kha'ng khan lo chelh dingin lei chhungah a pût thla a, aquifer zone-ah muang changa lutin tuihna a lo pun phah ṭhin. A lehlamah chuan ngaw chhah tak pawh nei mah ila, a hnuaia hnahthel leh a ṭang tlate kan tihfai zel chuan tuihawk kha lei chungah a luang ral mai dawn a, tuihna siamtu nih aiin tui hip kangtu a lo ni mai zawk dawn a ni.

A dang lehah chuan sawi tawh angin ruahsurin lei a tihhuh kha khua a lumin emaw, thli a thawtin tuihuah a insiam leh nasa em em a, chuvangin thing hlim awm ṭhat lohna mual chu a char bik em em ṭhin. Ngaw chhah tak hnuai chu a lo dai dukin thli pawh a ûp ṭhin a, lei aṭanga tuihu chhuak (surface evaporation) tur kha nasa takin a veng ṭhin. Ṭhal laia thei leh thlai bulte hnima kan khuh (mulching) ṭhin pawh hi niin lei a tiro tur venna'n a ni.

Tin, a dang lehah chuan ruah a sur nasat a, a fang a hraw viau phei chuan ami den a na thei hle a. Direct-a lei a den chuan lei a deng khawk a, lei luang ral (soil erosion) nasa takin a siam ṭhin. Teak plantation pawh a ṭhat lohna chu a zar sang pui puia hnah hlai tak takin ruahtui a lo dawn kha a hlawmin leiah a tla thla a, lei chunglang kha deng khawkin a luang ral thuai ṭhin. Ngaw ṭha tak kan siam chuan ruah malin lei a deng khawk tur kha a lo dang a, chu bakah a hnuaia hnah thel ro inchhek hnuk mai khan lei a den khawh tur kha a lo venghim ṭhin. Tin, ngawpui hian ruah siam lo mah se, chhah leh zau tham tak a nih chuan a chung boruakah tuihu a pekchhuah (transpire) tam avangin a lo vawt bik a, chhum lo kal kha lo hmet vawtin ruah a sur hma phah bik ṭhin.

Hetiang a nih avang hian ramngawte hi tuihna siam zawnga humhalh a nih chuan tuihna siamtu ṭha tak a ni a. Ramngaw humhalh leh ngaw siam thar leh (afforestation) hi kan inzirtir a pawimawh tak meuh meuh mai. Duhthusamah phei chuan kan khaw lu leh tlang chipte hi humhalhin ramngawah siam thei vek ila chuan tuihna kan ngah phahin kan khaw boruak pawh nasa takin a tinuam ngei ang.

Rang deuh zawkin tuihna i siam ang le
Sawi tawh angin tuihna siamtu chu lei chhunga tui luang lut/hnám lut kha a ni a. Lei chhunga tui a luh tam poh leh tuihna a pung chak dawn a ni mai. Lei chhunga tui luh tamtirna'na hmalak dan hrang hrang tawi te tein lo thlir ila –

a) Permanent farming : Kan ngawte kan vah chereu loh nan lo/huan nghet neih hi pawimawh tak a ni. Lo vah tihtawp dan awlsam leh hlawk ber tur chu, thlai leh thei hralhna nghet sorkarin ruahman se, kuthnathawktuin hlawk lo chung chunga kum tin lo vat a, buh a chin hi chu an sim vat ngei ang.

b) Check dam leh Percolation tank siam : Lei chhunga tui a puh luh nan tuihawk leh kawrte (stream) khuah hi tuihna siamna ṭha tak a ni. Hetiang tihna tur hi hmun tam takah a awm a, kan tuipui leh tuipui loh athu mai a ni. India ram state ro leh thlaler ber Rajasthan chuan tui luang ral tur lo khuah te, a zawl laia dil, ruahtui ring siam hi an ching thar a. Hei hian nasa takin tuihna a siam thar leh a ni. Ram ro tak hmunah pawh tuihna an siam pung thei a nih chuan nasa taka ruahtui a tlakna kan ramah hian tuihna tihpun dan hi chu a awm ngei tur a ni.

c) Contour Ploughing : Muala tuihawk luang thla tur dan nan mualah a kham zawngin tui kawng, terrace laih ang in an lai a, chuta tui tling chu muangchangin leiah a put lut a. Chu chuan lei a tihnawngin tuihna awlsam takin a siam thei ṭhin. Hei hi kan la tih chhin ngai loh tak a ni a. Khaw tin hian han ti chhin ila, kar lovah kan tuihna hi a pung ngeiin a rinawm. Inzirtir atan thil ṭha tak a ni ngei ang.

d) Rain water harvesting : Rain water harvesting tih hian in chung tui lo khawl hi rilruah a lang ber fo ṭhin. Khaw kar kawngpuia ruahtui tla hi fur lai chuan a fim khawp mai a, khang kha lo lakhawmin tuikhuah an siam a. Thlai chawm nan a ṭangkai hle. Thlai chawm nana lui tui lo lak pen a tlem phah mai ni lovin tuikhuah aṭanga lei chhunga tui put lut kha tuihna siamtu ṭha tak a ni.

Aw le, tuna kan sawi aia hmalak dan tur ṭha zawk pawh a awm ngei ang. Kan thuziak hi mithiam leh hmalatute cho chhuahna ni se. Tui in tlak (ti mai ila) potable water hi khawvelah a vang chho tawlh tawlh a. Nakin lawkah chuan khawvel sorkarte indona chhan ber tur pawh hi tui thianghlim inchuhna vang a ni dawn a ni tiin a zir mite chuan an sawi. Kan rama tui thianghlim tak, phai rama mite'n an neih leh dawn ve phak loh hi a kangchah hmain humhalh a ngai tak meuh a ni.

Dr. R. Lalengmawia