Leviathan Rising: India vs Social Media

Tunlaia India Sorkar leh Social Media company hrang hrangte inmillohna hi 'real politik' mai aia critical zawkin i han bih zuai teh ang. Kum zabi 20-naah thil inkalh tlat pahnih thleng a awm a, chu chu "nation-state" leh "globalisation" te an rawn insawh nghet a, an rawn lian chho tual tual hi a ni.

Nation-state kan tih chuan ram bung khat, mahnia sorkar neia ro inrel, a tlangpuia hnam leh culture pakhat emaw, langsar bik tak emaw nei hi a ni a tih mai theih ang chu. Khawvel ram reng rengte hi han en ila hetiang vek hi an ni.

Nation-state hrang hrangah kan inṭhen hrang a ni. Nation-state hi chu hnam, culture, tradition, sakhua adt. behchhanah hmanga inṭhen darhna a ni a, nationalism nen a kal kawp a ni. Nationalism hi kum zabi 20-naa Europe in a awp behna aṭanga zalenna khawvel hmun hrang hranga hring chhuaktu a ni.

Globalisation kan tih chuan khawvel ram hrang hrangte ram leh hnam tih bik awm loa kan in-sumdawn tawnna avanga kan inpawh tawnna leh kan in mamawh tawnna hi a ni a tih tawi mai theih ang chu.

Smartphone, internet, KTM bike, Nike kawr, YouTube, Spotify adt. globalisation vek a ni. Globalisation hnuaiah hi chuan inṭhen hran reng kha a rem lo a, kan in tlawhpawh tawn poh leh kan 'economy' tan a ṭha a ni. Chuvangin, hnam leh culture behchhana ram bung hrang hranga inṭhen darhna te pawh hi globalisation hian an la thiat vek tura ngaih a ni ṭhin a ni.

Insumdawn tawnna khuah­khirhtu [regulate] ber sorkar [state] thuneihna pawh zawi zawiin a hip kang ang a, khawvel chu sorkar ni loin khuahkhirhtu awm loa insumdawn tawnna [free market] in a kaihruai tawh zawk dawn a ni. Company lian - Multinational Corporation [MNC] - ten an kaihruai ang tihna a nih ber chu.

Hemi ti tur hian 'economy' lam mai bakah culture lam thlengin tan a khawh a, hnam hrang hrangte [folk] culture luahlan nan tih bik nei lo, thliar bik nei lo, rethei leh hausa, hmeichhia leh mipa pawh thlair ve lo, "popular culture" - inhrut rualna culture - chu "mass media" hmangin a rawn theh darh [commoditise] ta vak mai a ni. Hollywood, K-pop, party/ clubbing, kalphung awmsa ngaihnep adt. 'popular culture' vek a ni. Hei hi culture industry tia sawi a ni a, mahni culture bik te tein min ṭhendarhna thiah­na tur a ni a, capitalism hnuaia khuahkhirhtu awm loa insawm­dawn tawnna ṭhan zelna tura hmanraw pawimawh tak a ni.

Hollywood, K-pop adt. hi “soft power’ an ni satliah ngawt lo a, culture industry an ni a, a bulṭhutah chuan thil thuhmun reng an ni. Khawthlang culture-in min nghawng nasa kan han tih thlak zen pawh hian “khawthlang lam culture” kan han tih pawh hi popular culture hi a ni ber a, mahse popular culture hi khaw­thlang culture [western culture] a ni hran lo a ni. Popular culture-in an [folk] culture a thiata a luahlan hneh lutuk hi khawthlang conservative lamte mutmawh hnarmawh a ni ve tho.

Engpawh nise, hetiang a nih avang hian Humanities leh Social Sciences lama mithiamte chuan nation-state thih mek thu an puang ta deuh zut mai a!

Hei hi kan sawi duah nachhan chu ka sawi tawh ang khian thil inkalh tlat an ni a, mahse mak tak maiin an lian tual lual ve ve mai bawk si a ni. Kum zabi 20-na atangin globalisation hian culture a rawn 'commoditise' chho tak tak a, kan nun a fan chhuak hneh hle a ni. Chutiang bawkin kum zabi 20-na atang thoin Sorkar a rawn thang nasa em em mai a, zalen taka insumdawn tawnna [free market]-in sorkar a thiat vek tura ngaih a nih laiin khawvel hmun tin maiah sorkar hi an lian tual tual a, liberal democratic ram pawh nise sorkar peng hrang hrang heng "legislative", "executive" leh "judiciary-te" zingah hian "Executive" peng hi an thang nasa em em mai a ni. Kum zabi 20-na laia sorkar rawn thang vak mai hi "Continental Europe" atanga rawn intan a ni a, a hnuah UK leh US lam a fan zui ve chauh a ni. Hei hi Hegelian philosophy-in a nghawng chhuah a ni thui viau a, mahse helamah chuan kan peng lo mai ang a.

Mihringte 'political history' kan en chuan "bureaucracy" lian leh "executive" peng chak tak hi "political order" nena kal kawp tlat an ni a, political order tel lo chuan ‘state’ hian a daih rei thei lo a ni. Mahse political order chak leh khauh tha takin mathei loa a ken tel kan hmuh ve nghal zat zel chu mipuite zalenna rah behna hi a ni. State ngelnghet tak mai din tur chuan political order ringawt a tawk lo a, kha ‘order’ khuahkhirh tur khan ‘rule of law’ chak tha tak a awm a ngai a ni. Chinese civilisation hrang hrangteah khan political order kha a lian lutuk thin a, mipui ten an tuar nasa thin reng a ni. India sub-continent-a civilisation hrang hrangteah erawh rule of law a lian em em a, political order mumal a awm hleithei lo thin lo a ni, Islamic civilisation-te khan an “Mamluk” kalphung hmang khan political order pangngai tak an nei thei thin a, mahse an daih rei hleithei thin tlat lo thung. Heng civilisation hrang hrang-te aia European civilisation-te rawn din chhuah hmasak zawk nachhan lian tak pakhat chu he political order leh rule of law te hi an rawn buk tawk thiam tak bik vang a ni. An buk tawk thiam bik theih nachhan hi thui takah chuan ‘middle age’ hunlaia Christianity han insingsa chho vel vang daih kha a ni–sawi zui duah lo mai ila. Hetiang hi nimahse, Europe leh US-ah pawh "bureaucracy" hi kum zabi 20-na atang khan a thang chak leh ta em em mai a ni. Engpawh nise, a pawimawh lai chu 'mihringte political history' atang lang chiang em em chu political order chak tak leh mipuite zalenna rah behna kal kawp hi a ni. 'Bureaucracy/executive' a len lutuk chuan State hi Thomas Hobbes-in "Leviathan" a tih ang mai kha a lo ni mai dawn a ni.

Hetiang a nih avang hian liberal/secular democracy-ah chuan sorkar chu a kal suala a thuneihna a len lutuk loh nan peng thum kan sawi tak teah khan then hran a ni reng a ni. Heng peng thumte hian thuneihna an insem a, an kal sualna tura inveng tawn tura then hran an ni. Branch pakhat a len hluai bik a rem lo, a theih loh a, a dik lo a ni. A pawimawh berah chuan sorkar thuneihna lakah mipuite zalenna an vawng him tur a ni a, hemi kawngah hian "legislative" peng leh a bik takin "judiciary" pengte hi an pawimawh hle a ni. Entirna tha tak chu India 'Supreme Court' in India Sorkar hnenah 'aadhaar' mipuite laka nawr lui lo tura a tihna kha a ni awm e–mipuite dikna–privacy–a hum a ni satliah lo a, sorkar hmalaknaa kan tel leh tel loh thu hlaa kan duh thlan theihna zalenna min hum sak a ni. Democracy hi inthlan a ni satliah ringawt lo a, "check and balance" hlang hlak a ni. Inthlang inthlang mah ila 'check and balance' laia hi a tlak chhiat si chuan awmzia a awm lo a ni.

Engpawh nise, heng hi kan sawi nachhan chu tunah hian "globalisation/MNC" leh "nation-state" te inkarah hian thuneihna inchuhna a na chho tawh em em mai a. Mipuite thunun theitu zawk ni turin theih tawp an chhuah ve ve a ni. Hei hi tuna India Sorkar leh Social Media Company [MNC] ho inbeihna pawh hi a ni ta chiah a ni.

WhatsApp privacy policy thar hi thil tha lo tak mai a ni a, a that lohna hi kan hrethiam tui tam lem lo zawk niin a lang. Mahse tun tuma India sorkarin social media liante a beih dan hi chu ngaihtuahawm tak a ni. "Sorkar sawi chhiat a rem lo a, a sawi chhiatna lampang post a awm chuan delete zung zung tur a ni a, a post siam hmasa bertu kha Sorkar tan a hriat theih tur a ni" tihna ang vel a ni thuakin a lang. Hetiang zawnga "political dissent" hmeh mih tumna hi chu totalitarianism dik tak a ni a, a rapthlak tak zet a ni.

Social media ho leh Sorkar hian privacy hi an duh lo ve ve a. Social media lam, a bikin WhatsApp hian kan "data" leh "meta-data" hi an duh ber a, tin, heng bakah hian kan phalna lak mamawh pawh an intih lem lohna –kan ‘residual data’ hi an hman tangkai be rte chu an ni. Online-a thil I tih hlek khan hnuhma I hnutchhiah zel a, FB-a I thil like emaw, Google-a I thil ‘search’ tur I type sual emaw te thleng khan chhinchhiah a, dahthat a, nangmah leh mihring mizia tlangpui hriatthiam nana hman tangkai vek a ni. In chhungkaw thlalak I post satlaih mai emaw I tih pawh kha in hmai fang zawng zawng te kha uluk takazir chian vek an ni a, mihring mizia leh nungchang tlangpui hrihlawk theih nan an hmang tangkai vek a ni. I meta-data hmang ringawt pawh khan I ‘profile’ kimchang ang reng tak kha an phuah khawm thei a ni. Tumahin an hriat pui loh che a maw I tih thil tam tak kha I 'WhatsApp data-te', I 'FB data-te' atang khan an hre thei a ni. Heng hi an hriat duh nachhan chu "sumdawnna" tiin a sawi kim vek mai theih a, mahse hei hi chuan a sawi fiah lo em em thung a ni. Tun hma chuan mipuite "data" hmanga an mizia leh duh zawng hriat a, chumi mila ‘advertisment’ pek kha an tum ber a ni thin a . Heng data hi mihring nungchang leh ze kalphung tlangpui chhui nana hmangin chuta tang chuan kan rilru put hmang leh tun hnai mai ni lo, nakin zela kan awm dan leh kan nuna duh kan thlan dan tur te thlengin an hrilh lawk thei ta thin a ni. Hei hi “behavioural surplus” tia sawi a ni.

Kan personality, kan thinlunga kan vei (emotion), kawppui atana kan duh (gay, lesbian adt.), politics a kan tan lam (left, right) leh a dang tam tak hi an lo hre zung zung thei a ni. Tunah chuan heng kan "data" hmang tangkaia anmahni duh dan taka kan nunchang leh khawsakzia [behaviour] hrual hi an tum ber a ni tawh a ni. Khawvel hi anmahni anpuia [image] siam that hi an duh ber a ni. An duh dan taka mipui min chher danglam chuan khawvel hi an "ta" a ni mai dawn tihna a ni a, kan phalna thlapin min khuakhirihin min thunun thei dawn tihna a ni. Mipuite kha ‘product’ min rawn zawrh a ni satliah tawh lo ang a, ‘product-ah’ min chhuah zawk dawn a ni ta ber a nih chu. Messaging app lama "End-to-end encryption" te hi chu an hmai phih faina a ni tawh a, an ngaimawh tham lo hrim hrim a ni.

Tunlai Social Media company, kan data la khawm nasa ber ber, heng Fb leh a hnuaia awm WhatsApp, Instagram, bakah Google, Twitter adt. hi tunlaia Sorkar [State] thuneihna cho nasa bertute chu an ni awm e. Heng company ho hi 'social media' an nih avang hian "intermediaries" nihna pek an ni a, hei hian "publisher" ho, heng chanchinbu leh news agency dangte ang lo takin zalenna a pe a, an platform-a thil sawi leh tih chungchangah Sorkarin mawhphurhna [accountability] a pe lo a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian heng social media-te hi publisher anga che tur an ni lo bawk a ni. Mahse hetiang a ni chung hian social media site te hian an platform a thil sawi tam tak hi an "censor" reng tho a ni. Politics lama an tan lam kalh zawng post an ngai thei lo em em a. Tin, information dik lo "kan platform-a dah chhuah kan duh lo" an ti bawk a ni. Hei hi remchangah lain 'censorship' hi an kalpui ta a. An thil duh loh zawng leh information dik lo an tih te chu sawi leh awm loin an delete ta hmak hmak mai thin a, a post siamna account lah an suspend thul.

Donald Trump ngei pawh President a la nih lai rengin Twitter-in an suspend hmak mai kha, tunah Facebook lamin an ti veleh bawk a. Trump-a sual zia lam kha chu lo dahtha ta ila, US President ni lai dikna rap bet rap thei chin thiltihtheih zia hi kan hriatthiam a pawimawh a ni. Private company an ni a, “intermediaries” anga ngaih an nih bawk avangin ‘complaint’ emaw han theh luh ngaihna pawh a awm ngai lo a ni. Hei hi a pawina em em chu heng social media-te hi tunlai khawvela thil pawimawh engkim mai sawina hmun an ni a. Politics kan han tih mai hi a nihna takah chuan khawtlangin kan nunphung intawm chungchanga ‘public debate’ kan neih hi a ni mai a, kan duh emaw, duh lo emaw, heng social media site-te hian heng kan debate-na hmun pui, “public sphere” dinhmun an rawn luah chho ta a, mahse hetia company-in emaw, sorkarin emaw ina khuahkhirh a nih hi chuan ‘public debate’ tak tak a awm thei dawn lo a ni.

Tin, heng company neitu mi [thianghlim] tlemte ten keini mipui zawng zawng mai aia thil dik leh tha hria a, kan dikna leh zalenna rap beta kan sawi theih leh theih loh chin lo rel fela lo khuahkhirh [an duhna] hi a dik loh mai bakah a zahtheih-loh thlak hrim hrim a ni. Heng hi an kalpui chuan 'social media' mai ni loin 'publisher' anni tihna a ni a, Sorkarin dan hmanga a khuahkhirh tur an nih leh nih loh chu inhnial theih tak a lo ni ta a ni. Helaiah tak hian India Sorkar nena an inbakkaihna pawh hi a awm ta a ni. Tuna kan Sorkar laipui hi rightist ruh lutuk, hlauhawm khawpa ruh an ni a, heng social media company-te lah hi leftist ruh lutuk, hlauhawm khawpa ruh an ni si a ni. Tichuan, sorkar lai zawk hi social media, hmun pawimawh lutukah hian tun dinhmunah chuan an chep ta zawk tlat mai a ni. Complaint-in awmzia a nei thei thin bawk si lo. BJP leh an supporter-te hian information dik chiah lo hi heng social media hoa theh darh chiam hi an ching tih hriat bawk a tha awm e. Tichuan, Sorkar chuan 'in platform-a thil sawi te in edit-in in-censor a, publisher in ni tihna a ni a, chuvangin kan khuahkhirh dawn che u' an ti ta a ni ber mai. A awmzia chu social media-te hian zalennaah an rinna nghat ngam loin ‘tha leh tha lo, dik leh dik lo chu kan hria e, kan hrilh ang che u–chumi behchhan chuanin in sawi theih leh theih loh chin pawh kan lo rel fel ang’ tiin thuneihna an rawn hmang sual ta a, chu chu Sorkar lam hian remchangah lain engtik lai pawha mipuite min thlithlaina [constant surveillance] remchangah an rawn hmang ta chat a ni. An thuneihna an hmang sual ve ve a, mipuite a tuartu kan ni ta a ni. A rapthlak khawp mai.

Politics-a an awn lam chu lo dah tha ta ila, information dik lo nia sawi te sawi phal loha delete hi chu a dik lohna a awm a mi? tih inzawh theih tak a ni a. Mihring history hi han en ila, hman atanga tun thleng hian, zalen hi thil awlai a ni ngai lo a, a beiha beih ngai a ni a, zalen tur chuan huaisen a ngai em em a ni. Zalenna hian 'risk' leh 'mawhphurhna' a keng tel a, zalen tur chuan chu risk leh mawhphurhna chu kan huam a ngai a ni. Hetiang a nih avang hian Marxist Psychoanalyst thenkhat chuan mihringte hi kan zalen tak tak ngam lo thin reng a ni an ti hial a ni. Chuvang chuan free speech kan duh chuan information dik lo emaw, "hate speech" [eng nge a nih chiah chiang lo hle mah se] emaw te thleng hian kan huam tel vek a ngai a ni. Ngaihdan tha leh tha lo, dik leh dik lote chu leng za se, a dik lo leh tha lote chu khap mai loin mi zawng zawng hriata paih thalk ni rawh se. Mi thenkhat tlem tein a risk leh a mawhphurhna ken tel huam lo a, kan lo "that tlan zawk nana" zalenna thenkhat khuah-khirh an duh chiah hian totalitarianism a intan tan chiah tihna a ni. Zalenna pawimawhna ka sawi hian "mawhphurhna" a keng tel ka tih hi hmuh hmaih loh a tha khawp mai. Zalenna hming chhala duh duha tal vel ka sawi si lo a.

Sorkar hian kan data leh meta-data hi a duh vek a, nei thei tur pawhin hma a la mek a, mahse tuna kan buaina bikah hi chuan kan data leh meta-data mai ni loin WhatsApp lama kan message leh pic inthawn kual vel thleng hian hriat vek an duh a ni. Engnge kan sawi? Tute nge Sorkar lam tang a, tute nge Sorkar do? Sorkar tana pawi thei tur post hi khuahkhirh vek an duh a ni ber mai. Sorkarin thuneihna pumhlum neih a, mipuite dikna chanvo [rights] leh zalenna [freedom] te khuakhrih an duh tihna a ni. Tin, sorkar hian heng bakah hian kan "biometric data" zawng zawng bakah kan sum leh pai chet vel dan thlenga hriat fai vek a duh tih chu aadhaar atang khan hai rual a ni tawh lo. An tumah hian an hlawhtling a nih chuan hun a kal leh deuh ang a, Sorkar ep zawnga tawng hlek chu China ram anga tan emaw, bo hmak hmak emaw kha a ni tawh mai.

Hetiang deuh hian China-in Google thunun a lo tum tawh a, mahse Google hian 'mipuite rah behnaah inhnam-hnawih thei kan ni lo e' tiin khawvela population tamna ber ram hi an lo chhuahsan tawh a ni. Consumer a maka maktaduai tam tak an kalsan tihna a ni a, Google hian an ui tih hai rual a ni lo a, kawng danga luh dan pawh an ngaihven ve reng a ni. Mahse tun thleng hi chuan an la lut leh rih lo chu a ni a. Mipui tam zawkte hi mimalin kan dawihzep em em a, tan emaw, bo hmak emaw chu sawi loh, Sorkar thuawih loh vanga mi nuihzat nih ringawt pawh kan hlau a ni si a, chuvangin do ai chuan Sorkar infak siak leh intlawn siakah kan tlan mai hmel hle a, hlauhna avangin keimahni leh keimahni kan inphatsan ang a, tal chhuah a har telh telh mai dawn a ni.

Tunlai khawvelah leh a bik takin Mizote zingah Sorkar hi engnge a nih chiah, eng ang thuneihna nge nei tur a ni [?] adt. hi kan hre lo hle mai a, hetia kan hriat loh lai hian Sorkar lah chu than namen lohin a lo thang reng mai bawk si a, kan hmabak hi a eng lo viau a ni! Sorkar awm chhan leh hna ber chu mihringte "zalenna" leh chu "zalennaa" [Freedom] an "intluktlanna" [equality] vawn him hi a ni mai. Hemi pahnih chungchanga mihringte zinga inrem lohna a lo chhuah palha dik taka ro lo rel kha a bul thut tak taka a hna ber chu a ni mai. A bak hna leh thuneihna Sorkar hian a nei tur a ni lo. Mihringte zalenna rah beh phei chu a ti tur a ni lo tawp. Sorkar thuneihna khuakhirh tur hian "Supreme Court" te hial kan lo nei reng a nih hi. Supreme Court khuahkhirh tur chuan "Constitutionalism"/ "rule of law" kan la nei leh ta zel a. Liberal Democracy hi chu tha deuh a sin! Mahse mipuiten heng hi kan hriat si loh chuan Sorkar hi heng palzut tur hian a inring em em reng a nih hi. Tunah chuan kan Supreme Court thlengin a nghing tan tawh a nih hi [Prashant Bhushan case].

India-ah hian Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 chu put luh a ni tawh a, WhatsApp pawhin 'he Bill hi kan la ngaichang rih e' an ti chu a ni a. He Bill hi India Justice Srikrishna chuan "Big Brother" a lo ti hial a nih kha! [Big Brother awmzia I hriat loh chuan George Orwell "1984" chhiar rawh]. He Bill hian Big Tech hoin keimahni mipuite–a hmangtute–phalna la hmasa loa kan "data" an lak a phalsak lo a, tin, hei bakah hian, kan phalana thlapa kan "data" an la a nih pawhin India ram pawn lama lak chhuah a khap dawn a ni. Facebook, Twitter adt. lakah chuan a ham strict thak thak hle a ni. Mahse he Bill-a pawimawh ta chu, 'hetiang dan [law] hian India Sorkar chu a phuar ve lo ang' tih a ni ta tlat mai a ni. Hei bakah hian, 'miin a phalna pe lo mah se, Sorkarin thil pawimawhah chuan a "data" a lain a hmang thei ang' tih a la ni leh ta zel a ni. Helaia ‘thil pawimawh’ a tih hi a sawifiahnaah chuan mimalin phal lo mah se, ama tana thatna turah chuan sorkarin a ti lui thei ang' tih a ni ta riap mai a ni! Hei hi " Big Brother" a tih nachhan pawh a ni. Hei hian I thin a tih rim zak loh chuan I la hrethiam lo tihna a ni. Sorkar emaw, Big Tech emaw te hian hetiang thuneihna hi an nei tur a ni lo – politics rah behna ni.

A awlsam zawnga sawi chuan Multinational Corporation-te duh dan hi a "Brave New World" ruih mai a, Sorkar lam duh dan hi a "1984" ruih thung a ni! An pahnih hnih hian "Leviathan" chu an lo ni hawt e. Engpawh nise, kan khawvel hi a changkang tawh em em mai a, kan hriatthiam phak bak hian a changkang tawh a ni. Khawvel changkan tawh zia kan hriat loh tluk zetin history leh a pawimawhna pawh kan hre lo bawk a. He kan mawlna leh hriat lohna hi MNC leh Sorkar-te ti chaktu ber chu a ni. MNC-te leh Sorkar ten thuneihna an inchuhnaah hian keini mipuite tan chuan duh thlan tur a awm lo a, a khawi lam zawk pawh hi ding chang se keini mipuite hi chu rah beh kan ni tho tho dawn a ni.

C Lalthangliana Junior