MIZORAM-ASSAM RAMRI BUAI LEH KAUTILYA-A INTER-STATE RELATIONS CHUNGCHANG

Kautilya-a hming tak chu Vishnugupta a ni a, apa Rishi Chanak-a hming chawia Chanakya tia koh leh hriat lar a ni bawk. Kautilya hi kan hriat theih dan tur chuan Indian history a Magadha Empire awptu lal hnuhnungber, Dhanananda (Nanda dynasty: 344 BC- 321 BC) paih thla tura Chandragupa Maurya puitu leh sulsutu ber a ni. Hei vang hian Kautilya chu king maker tia sawi a ni fo. Chandragupata Maurya khan India ramah Mauryan empire (321 BC-184 BC) a din chhunzawm a, a lal hun chhung (321 BC-298 BC) hian Kautilya-a hi Prime Minister fing leh remhre tak, Lal thachhang dawltu ber leh ram rorel dan duang chhuaktu pawimawh tak a ni a. State level anga kan sawi dawn chuan kan Chief Minister ang a ni.

Kautilya-a hian lehkhabu pawimawh tak; ram rorel dan leh sawrkar kalphung tur zawng zawng a thailanna, Arthashastra a ziak a. He lehkhabu hi a pawimawh em avangin vawiin thleng hian hlut leh zirchian a ni nasa hle a ni. India’s foreign policy pawh hi Kautilya-a Arthashastra ah nasa takin a in nghat bawk a ni. Indian Political Thinkers zingah Kautilya-a hi Western Political Thinkers, Machiavelli ang deuh chiaha ngaihdan nei a ni a. Machiavelli lehkhabu The Prince pawh kha Arthashastra nena khaikhin pawhin an ropui dan a in ang hle a ni. Ziah belh tur tamtak awm mahsela, kan thupui laimu kan khawrh chhuah theihna turin Kautilya’n awmze nei taka ram inrelbawl dan (statecraft) tur a sawi zinga kan ramri buai nena in mil ber tur lai te te chauh tarlan han tum ila.

Hmanlai chuan ram neih zau leh len hi a pawimawh em em a. A tlangpuiin ram inchuhna avangin an indo ṭhin a ni. Chuvang chuan Kautilya-a pawh hian ram hnehchhuh leh lak belh zel chu dan pangngai a ni reng dawn a, chuvang chuan ṭhenawm ram chiah te ram (land) chu lak/chhuh sak hmasak ber tur a ni, a ti. State (ram) chu thilnung (organism) angin a tehkhin a. Thilnung chu a ṭhanglian ṭhin a, chutiang chiah chuan ram pawh a ṭhan (expand) ve a ngai a ni. Chutianga ram (state) zauhna tur chuan ṭhenawm ram nena indo a ngai dawn a, chutiang huna chet lak dan tur a sawi pawimawh zual te chu han tarlang ila.

State of relations: Kautilya-a chuan ram leh ram inlaichinna chu thuneihna inchuhna (struggle for power) a ni reng a. Chuvang chuan Sakeibaknei anga chak a piang an ding chang dawn a ni. Ram chu indo in emaw, indo in ring rengin a awm a, chuvang chuan invenna lam tih len vak ai chuan chak thei tura inpuahchah reng zawk tur a ni, a ti.

Kautilya’s ideas on warfare: Indona chu pumpelh theih reng a ni lo va, chuvang chuan lal emaw roreltu chuan thuneihna/chakna intluktlang (balance of power) ni lovin, ram dang chunga thu neihna emaw chaldelhna (hegemony) a thlang zawk tur a ni. Hei hi Chakravarti samrat tia sawi a ni.

A hun leh hmun a zir a indona chi hrang pathum hman tur Kautilya’n a sawi te:

1. Parakrama yuddha – open war: Indo pangngai ti pawhin kan sawi thei ang.

2. Koot yuddha – gorilla war: Hei hi chu ramhnuaia rawlrala chetna a ni.

3. Tushnim yuddha – proxy war: Hei hi chu mahni tak tak va tel lo va, a ruk a midang ruai chunga mi dona a ni. Entirna: Pakistan leh ram ṭhenkhat ten an sponsor reng reng Mujhideen, Al-Qaeda, Jaish-e-Mohammed, Lashkar-e-Taiba etc.

Tun dinhmunah Mizoram hian Assam hi open war a kan ngam lo anih pawhin proxy warfare hi chu hel dang ruai chungin a hman ve theih mai awm e, ti te pawh kan lo awm maithei a. Nimahsela, hel rawih emaw proxy war hian a ruaitute a nghawng let nasa thei em em a, ram chhung venhimna ti derthawng thei (internal security threat) thlen theitu a nih avangin han thlan na awm a ni bik lo.

Kautilya’n Vijigishu (lal/roreltu) in duh a thlan theih Six Fold Policy (shada gunya siddhanta) hetiang hian a sawi a:-

1. Sandhi (treaty): Chak lo thei zawka kan din chuan inremna thuthlung ziahpui tur.

2. Vigraha (breaking the treaty): I ram kha chak tawk tawha I hriat chuan inremna thuthlung (Sandhi) khi bawhchhiat tur.

3. Asana (stationing of forces near enemies territory): Hmelma te ramri hnaihah mahni sipai te dah tur.

4. Yana (military exercise near enemies territory): Hmelma te ramri bulah Sipai nunchan zir tur.

5. Samashraya (making allies with those having similar aims or enemy): Kan hmelma te lo haw vetu emaw, kan hmelma te paihthlak lo duh vetu te nena in mawngzawm tur. He idea hi tunlai international relations ah pawh kan hman rim pawl a ni a. Entirnan; QUAD te pawh hi China counter nana kan thawh chhuahpui chu a ni.

Mizoram tan chuan Assam lo haw ve a, lo ngei ve em em tu State dang kha mawngzawm pui a ṭul tihna nih chu. Ramri chungchangah kan buai a, chuvang chuan Assam nena ramri a buai ve tho state dangte kha kan ṭanrualpui theih chuan, a rual a do rawn a fuh ber tihna a ni. Kautilya-a chuan hei hi ram neih belh leh ram venhim nan chuan a ṭha hle a, kan hmelma te tukzal nan chuan a sawt hle niin a ngai.

6. Dvaidhbhava: Hei hi chu tuna kan buaina bik ah chuan a hmanna tur avang deuh a, sawi thui lo mai ang.

Mizoram leh Assam inkap ta tak tak ila engnge lo thleng thei?
Pakhatna: Kan Mizo u leh nau Assam rama awm mek te dinhmun a derthawng nghal dawn a ni. Vai ho chuan remchangah la in, Mizo tam tak Assam a hnathawhna, zirna, sumdawnna leh rawngbawlna avanga khawsa mek te chu dimdawina tel map lovin an sawisa thei a ni. Nunna hial chan theihna anih piah lamah property (entirnan; Mizoram House: Silchar leh Guwahati) tamtak kan chan thei a. Kan lo inkap dawn anih pawhin, Mizo unaute a him lama thiar chhuah hmasak loh chuan kohhran hrang hrang mission field pawhin a tawrh ngei a rinawm.

Pahnihna: Ei leh bara kan rinrawl ber leh kan economy hrawkhrui Assam lamlian dan char a ni thei a. Hei vang hian kan nitin mamawh bungraw supply a tlem ang a, supply a tlem chuan demand a sang nghal dawn a. Demand a san rei viau chuan bungrua kan indaih dawn lova, thil man a to/sang zel (inflation) a siam thei bawk a ni. Amaherawhchu, state dang kan pawh theihna kawng kan hmang thei anih erawh chuan hei hi chu kan pumpelh maithei bawk a ni.

Pathumna: Kan police, on-duty a kal te eng emaw zat an boral palh ve thei a, chutia nih chuan ex-gratia (zangnadawmna) pek an ngai dawn a. Chu chuan kan state exchequer a ei hek duai thei bawk a ni. Tunah hian Supreme Court chuan Covid-19 avanga thi te chu an chhungte hnenah ex-gratia pe turin Central sawrkar chu a hrilh a. Nakin lawkah guideline a chhuak anga, state sawrkar pawh hian engzat tak nge a sen dawn hriat a la ni lo a ni.

Palina: Lo indo/inkap rei deuh in, hmeh mih theih mai kan nih loh chuan Indian Constitution Article 365 hnuaiah indo ti tawp tura order/directions min lo pe thei a. Chu directions a chu lo zawm lo ta zel ila chuan failure of constitutional machinery anih dawn avangin Article 356 hnuaiah Assam leh Mizoram chu President’s Rule (State emergency) a puan theih kan ni dawn a ni. President’s rule anih chuan kan rorel lai ministry a chawl lailawk dawn tihna ni a, Governor chu permanent executive rual (civil service) ten a thachhang dawlin kan state an chalai dawn tihna a niang.

A chunga thil lo thleng thei kan tarlan te khi rinthu, a tak rama lo thleng thei vek an nih avangin kan ram hruaitute pawh hian bengsika an ngaihtuah a rinawm a ni. Kan ram kan hmangaih a, thih pawh huam a kan chhan ngam rual hian a rah chhuah tur hi fing taka kan ngaihtuah a pawimawh ṭhin khawp mai. Kan reason (chhia leh ṭha hriatna leh finna) hian min chiah hneh zawk fo se la; kan rilrua thawh dan, a rilru kuai zawng (emotional feelings) a thu vei mai a awl ṭhin a, chung lakah chuan kan fimkhur a pawimawh hle ang.

A tawp berah chuan Kautilya-a thlirna (idea) zawng zawng tarlang theilo mah ila, kan thailan hrang hrang te hi chhawr thiam a, a tak rama thlen tir theih a chakawm takzet a ni. Ram ropui zawk te foreign policy ah pawh nasa takin he Kautilya thlirna (idea) te hian bu a khuar a, keini te pawh hian a ṭul hunah chuan kan hman thiam ngei ka beisei a ni.

Benjamin Lalrinawma