KAN RAM LEH LEILUNG HI I HUMHALH ANG U (International Soil Conservation Day pualin)

Vawiin, July ni 7 hi International Soil Conser­vation Day a ni a. Mithiamten Leilung hlutna, pawimawhna leh mihringte dam khawchhuah nana a pawimawhzia hria in, kum 1963 daih tawh aṭang khan he Day hi an lo hmang tawh ṭhin a ni.

Kan ram mual awm dan, pianhmang leh khawsak phung aṭanga he leilung humhalh (soil conservation) mamawh ber Mizoram erawhin kan hmang ṭha lovin, helam in zirtirna hi kan la pachhe viau em aw a tih theih.

Mizoram leh a chhunga chengte hi...
Mizote hi hmun zo, thengthaw leh hrisel bawh, tlangchhipa khaw din hnam, 'Highlander' kan ni a.

Leilung zir miten Land Capability Classifi­cation (LCC) an duante pawh hi kan hman a rem ve chiah lohna te pawh a tam khawp mai. LCC-ah chuan Class I aṭanga Class VIII thlengin an ṭhen a, a ram awmdan a zir, a awih dan (slope classes), leilung luanral dan (Erosion classes), a leilung chhah dan (Depth classes), lung awm dan (stoniness classes), adt. a zirte in an ṭhen fel vek a, chutiang ang chuan an ram an cheibawl thei a ni. Khawchhak ram ṭhenkhat keini ang tho a tlangram, Thailand leh Taiwan ah te chuan tlang chhipah an awm ve lo a, LCC angin an ram an sawngbawl thei a, Tui pawh an nei ṭha an ti. Tlangchhip/ chuan chung ngaw hi tuihna in siamna a ni.

Kan ram chu, tuihna in siamna tur ngaw awmna turah mihring kan cheng tlat a, kan bul vel kan chen phul a. Chunglam aṭanga kan ruahtui dawnte chu a chuan hnuai lamah an luang zel a, surface run-off a lo awm a, chu chuan kan leilung a hrut ral a, Erosion a siam ta ṭhin a ni.

Lei chhunga tui pût (infiltration) aia surface run-off a tam tawh phei chuan, tuihnain a kiam phah thei a. Tuihna tih pun leh humhalh nan pawh Soil Conservation hi a pawimawh em em a ni.

Leilung luanral chhan
Leilung luangral, soil erosion thlentu hi tui leh thli a ni. Mizoramah chuan thli chuan sawi thamin erosion a siam lo a, tui hi soil erosion thlentu ber chu a ni.

Soil erosion-in a nghawng (Effect/ Result)

Soil erosion-in a nghawng ṭhenkhat chu: Lei chunglang leiṭha (fertile soil) a hloh tir a, huan lo ram hmun (cultivated fields) a tichhia, lei chhunga tui awmna (Water table) a ti hniam, lei hnawl tlingkhawm (siltation) a siam, vantlang nun leh economic thlengin a nghawng.

Lei luangral in siam chhoh dan (Stages of erosion)

Erosion in siam chhoh dan hi a tirah, ruahin a den aṭanga lei chunglang riral hlek chu, ven a nih loh chuan, erosion a siam lian tial tial a. Soil erosion a len leh tam dan a zirin hetiang hian a hming vuah a ni.

i) Raindrop/ Splash erosion
ii) Sheet erosion
iii) Rill erosion
iv) Gully erosion
v) Stream Bank erosion
Leilung ven leh humhalh
(Soil conserve) a ṭul

Leilung luangral, erosion-in kan ram a tih­chhiat kan ven hi kan tih makmawh a ni a.

Venna chang hre lo, Cherrapunjee (Megha­laya) ruahtui dawng ṭhate khu, an leilung (soil depth class) a pan em em mai a, extreme shallow classes an ni tawh a ni. Chu mi awmzia chu an lei chhah zawng chu chawh rualin 10 cm emaw vel a chhah chauh a ni tawh tihna a ni. Chuktuah huan siam tur pawhin hmun dang aṭangin lei an la hial tawh a ni.

Soil conservation technique hmangin kan leilung kan humhalh thei

1. Log wood bunding : Mizoin changkham kan ti a. Kum khat atana tlangram lo nei ṭhin tan, thing emaw mau emaw hmanga changkham siam hian lei luangral tur a veng a, changkham zawlah chuan maian pawh a ṭha duh deuh.

2. Sloping Agriculture Land Technology (SALT): Ram awih tlan, vang tan zawnga thlai, bekawmnei (leguminous species) chin hian lei lung luangral tur a veng a, leiṭha a siam bawk.

3. Contour Bund : Lei chhun pawn a ni mai a, ram awih zawng 15% aia tlemah siam tur a ni. Awih tlan, vang tan zawngin contour line in a series a siam tur a ni. Hei hian run-off a ti khaihlak dawn a, splash erosion aṭanga sheet erosion in siam tur a veng ang a, hnawng a humhalh bawk ang. Contour Bund hi 50 cm aia sanga siam loh tur a ni a, a bulṭhut lam a lian ang a, a chhip lamah a zuih chho ang.

4. Terrace : Ram awih tlan, vang tan zawnga step anga leih laih a, zawl siam a ni. Lei volume zatve laih a, chumi laihna vûng chuan rem zawl tur a ni. Terrace hi 33% slope thleng hi a siam theih china ngaih a nih rualin, tunlaiah hi chuan 50-60% slope thleng pawhin an lai ta. Box Terrace thlengin a siam theih a ni.

Terrace chi hrang hrang (Type of terrace)

Terrace hi kan thil chin tur azir te, ruahtui tlak dan a zirte in type hrang hrang a awm.

i) Level Terrace: Buh chin nan.

ii) Inward Terrace: Ruahtui tlak tamnaah.

Alu leh vaimimte chin nan.

iii) Outward Terrace: Ruahtui tlak tlemnaah.

Terrace laih reng rengin an in awih hleih zeng zung tur a ni lo a, a level a dik tur a ni.

Tin, mahni huan lo ramah kan hman ṭangkai nghal mai duh chuan, Terrace laih hian a mawng lam aṭanga laih ṭan a ṭha maithei. A chhan chu, a mawng ber kan laih chungah a chhaka kan laih tur top soil chu a mawng ber kan laih zawl saah kan theh thla ang a, kan hmang nghal thei ang; chutiang zelin a chunglama kan laih tur pawh kan ti dawn a ni.

5. Vegetative Check Dam: Kan ram awih tlan, tuiin a hawrh chu a zual zel loh nan thing hmangin Check Dam siam tur a ni. Fartuah hling nei lo (Erithrina indica), thlai nung awlsam ang chi te hi, Vegetative Check Dam atan chuan an ṭha a ni. Chutia'ng thing chu 10-15 cm dia ni se la, 0.6 to 0.9 m inkarah phun tlar a, a lêr lamah an chêt loh nan hruia phuar tur a ni.

6. Loose boulder/ dry stone masonry: Lung hmangin Check Dam hi siam tur a ni. A san lam 1m, a bulṭhut 1m, a chhip lam chu 0.5m a siam tur a ni. Kawr mawng lam aṭangin tih awih chhoh tur a ni. A foundation ṭha taka siam a, a keying pawh siam ngei tur a ni. (Keying hi, kawr/ ruam sir tuaka lung va rem phei, Boulder check dam pawt nghettu tur a ni)

7. Earthen Plugs: Lei hmanga Check Dam siam a ni. A san lam 1m, a bulṭhut 2m, a chung 0.5m a siam tur a ni. Lei chhun pawnah chuan lung vawm bei (stone pitching) tur a ni.

Vegetative Check Dam/ Loose Boulder/Earthen Plugs te hi Gully Erosion inṭanna, run-off tam lutuk lo, 1st order-ah siam tur a ni. A siam dan tur ang taka siam chuan kum 3-5 a daih.

8. Gabion Check Dam : Gully Erosion 2nd to 3rd order-ah siam tur a ni. Gabion Check Dam hi thirlen emaw Plastic net emaw hmanga lung fûn a ni. A siam dan tur anga siam chuan kum 15 a daih a, repair a ngai lo.

Gabion Check Dam ṭhatna chu, a siam a awlsam (flexibility), tui pûtluhna a ṭha (permeability), tui luang chak tur a veng, a tlo a, senso a sang lo.

Heng bakah hian, mamawh dan a zirin, Soil Conservation Technique hi tam tak a la awm thei a ni. Kan ram leh hnam kan intodelh a, kan din khawchhuah nan kan leilungte hi i humhalh ang u. Pathianin Mizoram malsawm se, Soil Conservation Day chibai ule.

K.Lalfakzuala