SUPREME COURT LEH RAMNGAW HUMHALH

Mizote hi ramngaw humhalh nachang hre hmasa hnam kan ni ang, lal lai hun aṭang daih tawha ramngaw lo humhalh tawh ṭhin kan ni. Chuvang chuan, tuna kan thu chhiar tur hi kan bengkhawn ka rin.

India ram zau zawkah chuan, ramngaw leh nungcha humhalh hi kan buaipui tlai a ni mai thei. He lam dan kan neihhoa ‘humhalhna (conservation)’ tih leh ‘venhimna (protection)’ tih thumalte hi kum 1970 vel aṭanga hman ṭan chauh a ni tlat.

Legislature hian ramngaw humhalhna dan tam tak a siam a. Chu'ng zinga danpui ber chu Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 hi a ni. Ramngaw hausakna enkawl leh tihhmasawnna atan National Forest Policy, 1952 leh 1988-te kalpui a ni bawk.

Executive pawhin ṭhahnemngai takin ramngaw humhalh hna a thawk. Ministry hrang hrangin ramngaw humhalh hna an thawk mup mup a. Chutih laiin ramngaw humhalh kawnga mawh latu leh hma la zau ber chu Forest Department kan tih mai, a hming dik tak, Environment, Forest & Climate Change hi a ni. All India Services pathum kan neih zinga pakhat IFS-te hi he Department mi leh sate hi an ni. Mizoramah pawh hian department mala All India Service mi leh sa awm tamna ber chu Forest Department hi a ni ngei ang.

Ramngaw humhalhna kawnga Supreme Court inrawlhna hi sawi kan tum ber a nih avangin legislature leh executive-te hmalakna chu duhtawk mai ila.

Ramngaw humhalhna dan ṭha pui pui neiin department changtlung tak nei mah ila, kan ramngawte a chereu tial tial lawi si. Chu chuan tunhmaa ramngaw humhalh lo ral thlir ṭhintu Supreme Court a nawr chhuak ta tlat mai le!

Environmental Awareness Forum leh TN Godavarman Thirumulpad-te chuan a hran ve vein Supreme Court-ah Writ Petition an thehluh a. Godavarman-in a tum ber chu Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 chak tak taka hlen chhuah a ni. Chuvang chuan, he case hi ‘forest conservation case’ tia sawi a ni ṭhin bawk. Ni 12.12.1996-a Supreme Court-in order pawimawh a siam chu thil bul inṭanna a ni ta a. Hetah hian thu leh awm hma chuan, India hmarchhak aṭanga thing kih sa leh thingzai thawnchhuah a khap bur a ni. Hemi hnuah hian order pawimawh tak tak a lo chhuak zawih zawih ta a ni.

Order pali lek pawh hian Supreme Court-in ramngaw humhalh a ngaih pawimawhzia a tilang zo ang chu maw.

Pakhatna, Supreme Court-in aw a neih hma kha chuan Forest (Conservation) Act hian ramngaw humhalh chin a nei ṭhin. Tunah chuan ramngawte hi reserved a ni emaw, protected a ni emaw, mimal ta a ni emaw, sawrkarin ramngaw tia a chhiara a chhinchhiah apiangte chu humhalh a ni ta. Sawrkar phalna chauh lo chuan a chhunga thing kih phal a ni ta lo. A tawi zawngin, Supreme Court chuan Forest (Conservation) Act huam chin a pawt fan ta duai a ni ber mai. A chhan chu, Supreme Court ngaihdanah chuan he danin a tum ber chu ramngaw chereu zel avanga ecological imbalance thleng ṭhin ven a ni. (12.12.1996)

Pahnihna, ramngaw chhunga thing kih phalna dan chu working plans hmang chauha kalpui tur a ni a. Working plans hi state sawrkar siam, sawrkar laipui pawmpui a ni tur a ni. Working plans siam chhung hian, permit system hmanga thing kih phalsak chu a remti thung (12.12.1996). Working Plans hi state ṭhenkhatin an siam mai lo a ni ang, order dang siam lehin kum hnih chhunga siam zo ngei ngei turin thupek a tichhuak a. Hemi chhung hian MoFF siam annual felling programme hmanga thing kih chu a remtihsak a. Kum hnih hnuah chuan Working Plans sawi ang chauh lo chuan thing kih phalsak theih a ni tawh lo ang a ti hmiah ta bawk. (15.1.1998)

Pathumna, Working plans ang deuh hian, ramngaw pawn (non forest areas) aṭanga thing kih phalna dan guidelines/rules siam turin state sawrkar a hriattir bawk. (12.5.2001)

Supreme Court order avang hian mahni huana mi pawh ni se, working plans/ guidelines/rules sawi ang chauh lo chuan thing kih phal a ni ta lo.

Palina, Forest Department-a thawk, Forest Guard aṭanga Addl. PCCF zawng zawngte ACR ziaktu (reporting authority) chu Forest department-a an chung chiaha mite (immediately superior officer) zel a ni ta a. PCCF chuan chung a nei tawh loh avangin, a hnathawh hre chiangtu, amah aia lal (superior in rank)-in a ziak thin thung. Hei hi ACR chungchanga Supreme Court vekin a lo rel tawh State of Haryana v. Shri P.C. Wadhwa, IPS, Inspector General of Police zulzuia tih a ni (8.1.2001). Mitmei ven nei loa huaisen taka Forest Officer-ten ramngaw an humhalh hi Supreme Court duhdan a ni. Supreme Court chu ramngaw humhalhtu chauh a ni lo a, ramngaw humhalhtute humhalhtu a ni kan tithei ang.

Ramngaw humhalh kawnga Supreme Court inrawlhna tam zawk hi PIL kaltlangin a ni a. Mi tam takin ‘Judiciary-in a tih loh tur thleng thleng a ti’ tia an mawhchhiatna judicial activism-a thuchai hlawh ber berte chu environment chhe zel tur venna lam thil a ni. Supreme Court-in ramngaw humhalhna kawngah a thikthu a tihchhiatzia hi sawi sen rual a ni lo. Heti taka Supreme Court-in a ngaih pawimawh vang hi a ni ang, Judge/Magistrate-ho hi ramngaw humhalh ngai pawimawh tak an ni deuh zel.

Thil dang han pakai lawk ila. Danin ramngaw a humhalh bur lai hian, ramngaw kara khawsa, ramngaw chhunga thil awmte ei leh in hnam, tribal leh hnam ṭhenkhat chu danin ‘rights’ a pe hlauh thung. Chu dan chu the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 a ni a. ‘Forest Rights Act’ emaw ‘Tribal Rights Act’ emaw tiin an sawi mai ṭhin. Sawiseltu erawh a ngah hle. He Act chungchang hi chu ṭum danga la sawiah khek ila.