MIZORAM HMARLAM RAMRITE (Survey of India-in min rinsak dan)

Thuhma: Ramri rin lama kan luh hmain helama India rama mawh latu, Survey of India, an nihphung tlem leh ram chhung hmun hrang hrang an chhinchhiahna map, Topographical map chungchang, kan thu ziakte kan hriat fiah zawk nan leh mipui mimirin kan hriat theih nan tlanglawn deuhin han tarlang hmasa ila.

Survey of India: Survey of India kan tih fo hian, Sapho thuhnuaia kan awm lai, kum 1767 ah bul an lo ṭan tawh a. Anni hi ram chhung hmun hrang hrang te teh (survey) a mumal taka record siamtute niin Science and Technology Department hnuaia peng pawimawh tak pakhat a ni.

Anni hian Sapho thuhnuaia kan awmlai aṭang tawh khan Mizoram chhung ngei pawh hi vawi duai lo survey an rawn nei fova, tlang sang leh langthui laiah te inbunin hmun hrang hrang thlir theih nan an khawhawi dipdaltu leh hliahtute an sam fai a. Chuta ṭang chuan tlang leh ruam te, hmun hrang hrang enzawna teh (angle la) in an record vek a, Map mumal tak (Topographical map) an buatsaih ta ṭhin a ni.

Anniho hi kan nu leh pa, pi leh pute chuan Tlangsam ho, ti te pawhin an lo sawi fo bakah, Mizorama tlang tam tak (triangulation centre a an hman an sam fai) chuan ‘Vaisam tlang’ tih hming an lo put phah nge nge.

Heng Surveyor-ten Mizo­ram mumal taka an survey na map hnuhnung (revised Edition ni lo) leh kan lek lam berte chu kum 1970-'71 hunlai ami kha a ni tlangpui a. Heng Map te hi Assam lamin an rawn rin ber leh ṭanchhan ber, Keini Mizoram lam chuan kan hriat pui loh kan tih, Assam State hnuaia district pakhat ang chauha kan la awm lai hun ami, Mizoram khaw tam ber pawh rambuai vanga kan rauhsan a khaw ram anga a awmlai hun kha a ni.

Survey of India Map hi chi hrang hrang awm mah se tuna kan lek lam ber Topo­graphical Map hi chu a dung leh vang zawnga 15 minute (degree 1 hmun 4 a ṭhena hmun 1) huam chhung (sq.km 690-700 huam vel zel), Scale 1:50,000 (map a 2 cm leh leia 1 km intluk) a ni. An area a zir zelin number hrang hrang an nei a, India ram hnun tin hi sheet tam takah, number mumal takin dawt chho a neiin chhinchhiah an ni a, Mizoram chin huang kim tur pawhin hetiang map (sheet) 40 vel zet hi buatsaih a ni.

Map-ah hian chiang takin tlang leh luite, an awih (slope) leh sanzawng, kawng leh khua, ke a kalna leh khawram (deserted) chenin, ramngaw leh lui te takte chenin tarlan a ni a. Khaw chhung hmun pawimawh, Biakin, Dakin, Bangla, khelmual, etc chip­chiar takin Conventional signs and symbols hmangin tarlan an ni.

Amaherawhchu, he­tiang map chipchiar taka ram chhung hmunte tarlan­na hi mi nawlpuite’n kan hmu pha ve lova. Mizoram rambuai a puan an nih (1966) chinah ngat phei kha chuan Mizoram chu Restricted Area-ah puan a ni a, International Border area kan la ni zui nen khuahkhirh tlat a ni a, hetiang map mimal a lo nei ru rambuailai a sipaiin man chhuah chu thihna tluk hial a ni.

Vawiin thleng pawhin heng Topographical map te hi a hmang tur sipai lam leh Sawrkar Department ten an kawl bak chu zirna in (institution) atana neih theih a ni a, mahse hei pawh hi lei a nei tur chuan sawrkar lama hotute remtih puina nen Survey of India Office (a hnai ber Shillong) ah a lei theih chauh a ni.

Hetiang taka khuahkhirh a nih avang pawh hi a ni ang, kan ramri buai leh a buai lem lo lai pawh chiang em em lo a tam theih awm e.

Heng, state dangte nena kan ramri te hi, pawm lo mah ila, hmun tam takah chuan kan hmang tho a. Mizoram Map kan hman ber pawh hi hemi mila ziak hi niin, Mizoram zau zawng (21081 sq/km), hmar lama a thlen chin (latitude 24º 35’) te pawh kan lehkhabu leh document tam berah tun a map ang vek hian kan kalpui tho avangin chiang lehzual zawka kan en a, eng lai te nge kan buai ngunna lai tih hi kan hriat ve vek tha thoin a lang. Chuvangin, tuna Assam lam an rawn huangtau viau nachhan ramrite hi, a buai ngai lem lo lai te pawh telin Survey of India-in Topographical map a min lo rin (record) sak dan hi lo thlir hrim hrim teh ang. Tu pawi kan sawi em lovang chu maw.

Tripura leh Mizoram inkar ramri: Mizoram State hian hmar lamah Assam, hmarthlang lamah Tripura leh hmarchhak lamah Mani­pur te a ri a. Hmar­thlang lama awm Tripura nena kan inrina chu ‘khuavang rikham’ tih mai theih hmarlam hawia luang Langkaih lui a ni dung tluan a, ramri chungchangah chuan engmah buaina liantham han sawi tur a awm ngai lem lovin a lang. Chutih rual erawh chuan he ramri hian kan unaute mihring leh khua engemawzat Zampui Tlangdung a awmte chu Tripura lam chanah a rinlut thung.

Manipur leh Mizoram inkar ramri: Hmar chhak lamah Manipur State nen kan inri leh a, Myanmar ramri lam aṭanga lo luang chhuk Tuivai luiin kan inkar ramri chhak leh thlang zawngin a rawn kham thla a. Amaherawhchu, Tuivai lui hi engemaw chen Mizoram chhung bik lamah rawn kual lut in Phuaibuang - Khawlian tlangdung a rawn kual khung a. A rawn luh tantirhna lamah Daido khaw hmar chhuah chhawng lama luite, Tuivai fintu Vangvum lui-ah ramri hi rawn pakaiin lui hnar lam a rawn zawh zel hnu-ah Daido hmarlam tlangdungah in bang liamin thlanglama Tuivai zuk fin leh tu Tuitawilui hnar ah zawmin, luite dung hi zui zelin Tuivai lui a zuk pawh leh a ni.

He lai aṭang hian hmar leh hmarthlang lam hawi zawngin Tuivai lui dung zelah ramri hian a zui a. Tuivawl luiin Tuivai lui a rawn finna aṭangin hmar lam hawia luang zui zelin, Tipaimukh hmunah Manipur lam aṭanga rawn luangchhuak Tuiruang lui (R.Barak) a fin ta a. Mizoram leh Manipur inkar ramriah Tuiruang chu a luan zel hnuah Assam-ah luang lut thlain Manipur leh Assam Ramri kham nan eng emaw chen a tang zui ta a ni. He ramri kham hian Zohnahthlak tam tak ṭhen hrangin Manipur state-ah leh Mizoram state-ah min khung hrang a, ramri chungchangah erawh buaina sawi em em tur awm ngaiin a lang lo.

Assam leh Mizoram inkar Ramrite:
Mizoram leh Assam state kan inrina hi luipui karcheh tlangdung ang deuhin hlawm lia ṭhenin han bih chiang ila. Amaherawhchu ramri atana hman lui ṭhenkhatte hi a survey tu mizo ṭawng thiam lote ziah leh chhinchhiah ang angin a ṭhen chu ka han tarlang ang a, Assam lamin an sawi dan dang emaw, hawrawp dik ziktluak lo a awm nual thei awm e.

a) Tuiruang leh Tuirial Inkar: A chung lama tarlan tawh angin Tuiruang lui chu Manipur leh Mizoram kan inrina ramri rinna niin hmar lama a luan thlak zelnaah Zokhawthiang hmarlam maiah khawtlang lam aṭanga Tuiruang rawn fintu luite (Rungdung lui) ah Assam nena kan inkar ramri chu khawthlang lam hawia rawn rin kai a ni a, he luite fintu Lungkulh lui zawh chho zelin lui hnar lam, Maurawp tlang bulṭhut hmarlamah rawn chhoin Ṭinghmun Tlang hmar lama Lungrahbi tlangah a inbang liam a. Tuirial fintu, khawthlang lam hawi zawnga luang thla luite, Terangneklian lui hnarah rawn zawmin Tuirial lui a rawn pawh thla ta a ni.

b) Tuirial leh Serlui Inkar: Ramri rinin Tuirial lui a rawn pawh hnu hian luidung hi tawi tea hnar lam hawiin a zawh hlek a. Saipum hmarlamah khawthlang lam aṭanga Tuirial rawn fintu luite, Tuisen luiah rin kai chhoh niin luite hi a zawh chho zel a. A hnar zàwnah Saipum Tlangah inbang liamin he tlang panga hnar nei Khawthlang lam hawia luang Lungzawh luite zuithla zelin Serlui a zuk pawh ta a ni.

c) Serlui leh Tlawng inkar: Khawchhak lam aṭanga ramri rinin Lungzawh luite a rawn zawh thlaka Serlui a rawn fin chiahna aṭang hian Khuavang rikham, lui emaw, tlangdung sahmul ṭhen ang chi emaw beh chhana rin ni tawh lovin boruakah Vairengte khaw chhuah lama hnar nei hmar zawnga luang luite Aitlang lui (Assam lamin Dhalai an tih) tinzawnin Rengte tlangah rin liam a ni a. He ramri rinin Aitlang lui a zuk pawhna hi 24°31’15” North velah chiah niin a lang (Helai point hi Mizoram chhipzum lai/hmarlam ber a ni a, hmarlam thlen chin hi Mizoram Statistical Handbook-ah chuan 23° 35’, tia ziah lan a ni). Hetia boruaka enzawna rin (imaginary line) na lai hian, survey a nih hunlai ngeia Vairengte khuaa an lo, huan leh ram chu sawi loh, a khuaa in dinglai eng emaw zat chu Assam lamah a rin lut a. Hei mai bakah hian Mizo khua ngei mai, Saihapui te, Phainuamte chu an khaw ram mai ni lovin in leh lo zawng zawng pawh he ngaihruat rin hian Mizoram pawn lamah a awmtir ta a. Hei mai bakah he ramri rinna lai hi phailam aṭanga kan purchawkna ber kawng a nih bawk si avangin vawi duai lo buaina kan hmachhawn chho ta mawlh mawlh a nih hi.

Ngaihruat rinin Aitlang lui a zuk chhun hnu hian ramri rin hian he luite dung hi a hnar (Mizoram) lam hawiin a rawn zui let leh a, Chhimluang lui hnarah rawn rin zawmin chhimthlang lam hawiin Chhimluang lui hi a zawh zel a, Thinglian lui (Bhairabi chhara) a fin thla a, lui hnar lamah chhim lam hawi zawngin zawh chho zelin khawthlang hawia a her leh hnua chhim hawi zawngin Bairabi khaw hmar lamah Tlawng lui a pawh ta a ni. He lai ramri rinah pawh hian a hun laia khaw lo awm tawh Chhimluanglui kama Buhchangphai te, Thinglianlui kama Thinglian khuate chu a khaw chhung chu Mizoramah awm chiah chiah mah se, a ram leh lo huamchhung tam tak chu Assam lamah rin luh a ni.

d) Tlawng leh Langkaih inkar: Thinglian Lui aṭanga ramri rinin Tlawng lui a rawn pawh hnu chuan Bairabi khaw huamchhungah Tlawng hnar lam rawn zawh chho hlekin Tlawng fintu Teirei luiah rin chhoh a ni a. Lui hnar lam km 6/7 bawr vel awm a zawh chhoh hnuah khawthlang lam aṭanga Teirei rawn fintu luite, Sakei luiah pakai chhoin he luite hmar lam aṭanga rawn fin chhawng leh tu Hachhek tlangdunga Hriphaw khaw kiang aṭanga luite rawn luang thla Tlaksih lui a zawh chho zel a, lui hnara khaw awm Hriphaw khuaah a rawn rin chho a. He lai aṭang hian tlangdung sahmul ṭhenah Hachhek tlangdung hmar lam hawia zuiin ramri hi rin zel a ni a. Kolalian khaw hmarlam dai (25°15’30” vel) ah tlangdungah rin tawpin, he lai aṭang hian khawthlang lam hawi/enzawnin ngil taka Langkaih lui, Kanhmun khaw hmarlam hret zuk en zawna ngaihruat (a hunlai hi chuan hemi zui hian chhinchhiahna themhlem te te chu siam ve a ni awm e) rin a ni ta a ni. He laia en zawn thlaka rin hi ngil tak ni mah se laltitude (Chhak leh Thlang zawnga rin) erawh parallel thlap lovin Mizoram lamah rin awn luh hlek a ni a. He enzawn rin hian Thinglian khua chu Zoram lamah khung mah se a khaw ram leh huan, leilet hmun tam tak chu Assam lamah a rin lut ta a, a chung lama sawi tawh angin heng ngaihruat/enzawn rinte hian Culture/Village/Social region engmah a en tel lo va, helai hmunah pawh hian Zo khua - Zaite khua leh a vela Zo hnahthlakte chenna pawh Assam lamah a khung ta vek a ni.

Buaina chhuah ngunna laite:
Chipchiar taka sawi hman ni lo mah se khi tia ramri kaldan han chhui zar zar pawh khian Assam lam nena kan han inep leh ṭhinna lai nia lang chu -
1) Lui/ luikawr emaw tlang dung emaw zui lova ngaihruat leh enzawna a kalna lai.
2) Mizo khua ngei, a khaw thleng , in leh lo huam tawk tawk a, a khaw ram, huan leh leilet hmun thlenga Assam lamah rin luhsakna laiah.
3) State pahnihte zawmtu kawngpui paltlang khuateah.

Min eptu Assam district te:
Assam nen kan inrina lamah hian District 3 lai nen ramri intawmin, keini Mizoram khaikhin chuan mihring pawh an buk hle. Kum 2011 chhiarpuiah Mizoram puma nuai 10.9 awrh kan awm lain min ritu district 3 te–Hailakandi ah Nuai 6.5, Cachar ah Nuai 17.3, Karimganj ah nuai 12.2 lai an awm a. Heng District 3 te zauzawng belhkhawm hi Mizoram zau zawng hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat vel chauh niin mihring erawh Mizorama km bial 1-a mi 52 zel awm ang kan nih lain heng district 3-te chawhrualin km 1 bialah mi 523 zel awm ang an ni thung.

Hetiang khawpa mihring tam pung chak, bit leh vote tam si, Bangladesh lam aṭanga rawn lut belh reng bawk site tana hmunhma zauhna turin, kan tel ve lohna kan tih leh kan pawm ve loh, Inner Line 1875 hnua kan tel love an siam danglam chhoh, Inner Line Regulation,1933 ramri leh hemi mila North Eastern Area Re-organisation Act, 1971-a ramri an ziah hmanga Survey of India-in ramri a siam, Google Map pawh hemi behchhana a rin, a chunga kan sawi tak ho ṭan chhan hian Assam lam chuan ‘Constitutional Boundary’ tiin hmun hrang hrangah hma an rawn la chho ta a. Phaizawl chinah mai ni lo tlangramah hial min rawn luh chhuah chhoin, ami chengte (History/Cultural region/Social Space/Village area) lam reng reng ngaihtuah lovin he rin ngawr ngawr hi an rawn tinzawn ta a, a bik takin a pan na lai leh chhinchhiahna awm mumal lohna lai laiah, kan ramchin, tiin ramri rin hma daih aṭang tawh a lo awm, kan unaute'n pi leh pu aṭanga an lo ta neih huan leh ram, leilet leh thlam chenin an rawn hneh chhuh a, an rawn suasam ta fo a nih hi.

Tlipna:
Ramri rin nan Satellite thlalak, tihte tunlaiah a lo ri chho a. Heng ang chi hi ram tlawhpawh harsa leh hriatchian loh bihchian nan te, ram zau zawk fan vek harsa leh tlawh vek sen loh awlsam zawk a hmun leh hmuna lo zirchian a ruahmanna siam zung zung nante an ṭangkai em em a, changkan pawh a chang ang. Amaherawhchu, tuna kan buaina ṭhin lai ramte hi chu hmun zau tak pawh ni lo, a ṭhenawm khuate phei chuan a hniak indawt ang pawha an sawi theih vek leh an hriat chian em em laite an ni a. Ralkhat aṭanga chinfel mai chi pawh ni lo, Sawrkar leh Sawrkar inbiak a, a bulhnai khuate nena enho a, hun eng emaw chen thlir kir chung leh, Sapho hunlaia ramrite ṭanchhan pahin, Village Boundary, Social & Cultural Boundary leh Ram leilung pianhmang (landscape) thlir tel chungin, perh tar ngeiin, a lo berah tuna kan unaute huan, lo ram leh leilette tal nei let leh tur hian, tun, a lin lai huna den dan zawn chi hi a ni lo maw? Kan ṭhenawmte lah hi ramri rin lai hun kha chuan an la rawn hnai tam lutuk lo na a, tunah chuan min nek zawngin an rawn puang ṭuam ṭuam tawh mai si a. Chunglam aṭanga thlir pawhin keini lam chu kan ram luah chinah khawvar lam arsi anga kan det pheuh pheuh laiin, anni lam ve chu furkhawthianga van a arsi ang main ram tin, awl pawh awm mang lovin an dap chhuak a, an inzar pharh zual zel si nen. Heti rigawta engmah chingfel lova kan zuzi chhoh leh chuan a khat tawka inchemhar tawn leh a, alh leh hluai hi kan kum tin dan a ni chho mai ang tih a hlauhawm hlel lo ve. Kan buante hi... an ni si a.

V.Lalnunmawia Department of Geography Govt. Aizawl North College