Inner Line Reserved Forest chungchang chhuiletna

Inner Line Reserved Forest lo chhuah dan hi a bul deuh aṭangin han chhuilet dawn ila, a hre zawkte la chhuihzui tlan atan leh min ti ṭangrualtu atan hmang thei ila a duhawm khawp ang.

Kachari Lal Govinda Chandra chu kum 1832 khan Manipui Lal-in a that a, ro luahtu a neih loh avangin British India hnuaiah a tlulut ta a. Capt Tomas Fisher chu Superintendent hmasa ber niin Silchar (capital) pawh hi a hnuaia lo piang a ni. China leh British sorkar insumdawnna chu China-in kum 1833 khan a tihtawp tak avangin thingpui lama sumdawnna a tlakchhiat hlau-in Assam-ah thingpui 1834 aṭanga ching ṭan turin hmalak a ni ta. Lord William Bentinck, Governor General chuan kum 1834 ah ‘Tea Committee’ dinin nasa taka hma lak zui a ni.

Cachar Superintendent hrang hrang Capt Tomas Fisher, Lt. G Verner, Lt. R Steward te hnuaiah Cachar District chhunga thingpui ching tam turin hma nasa takin lak a ni ta. JW Edgar, ICS chu Deputy Commissioner hmasa ber rawn niin thingpui chin tam deuh deuh theih nan ‘ram ruak (waste land) buh chinna atan tlak lo chu thingpui chinna atan pek theihna dan’ a siam a, mi tam tak rawn lutin thingpui huan a pung hle. Kum 1898 chuan 199 lai a tling hman a, 2,80,172 acres a zau-ah chin a ni ta. Cachar chhim lam Lushai ram lam pawh an rawn zauh zel tih Lushai hote chuan an hai miah lo. Cachar, Sylhet, Chittagong vel ram pharh zau tak hmun ruak chu an sa pelna (undeclared domains of their hunting ground) atan an hauh tlat leh an ta anga an ngaih avangin a theihna lai lai hmun chu an rawkin an suasam ta ṭhin a. Kum 1871 pawhin Nawarband, Kutlecherra, Jhalnacherra Áinakhal (South Hailakandi), Alexanderpur te an run a, Mary Winchester pawh Alexanderpur aṭangin an man kha a ni. JW Edgar, DC Cachar phei hi chuan thingpui huan zauh deuh deuh a duh avangin Lushai ramte pawh hnehchhuh mai a duh thu a chhak chhuak hial a ni.

Thingpui huan neitu, labour te leh Tlangram dep khuate hum him nan Cachar ram chin chu tih chian a ngaih tak avangin ‘ram chin humhalhna - Inner Line’ chu Arthur Hobhouse rawtna angin ‘District huap chin - Inner Line’ chhungah District rorelna kenkawh a ni ang a, chumi ‘line’ pawn lam chu an rorelna pawn ‘unadministerd tracts’ a ni. North East Frontier chhunga ‘hill tribes’ hrang hrang Nagas, Lushais, Apatanis, Bhutias ten an rawn run ṭhin pumpelh nan ‘Inner Line’ chu siam a ni ta. Naga Lalte pawhin thingpui huan siamtu ṭhenkhat an ram nia an ngaih huam chhungah an rawn invalh chu ngai thei lovin Sibsagar leh Lakhimpur vel khua chu an run fo avangin ‘Inner Line on Assam - Nagaland Border, 1876 an siam phah ta. An ram chin nia an ngaih chhunga thingpui huan rawn siamtute’n ‘compensation’ pe a nei zui tura an thlem pawhin an phal lo ‘kan thlahtute’n helai hmun, tlangte chunga an thuneihna hi kan hralh dawn lo’ tiin an chhang.

Sibsagar District nen an inrinna hmun pakhat ‘Ludigur’ (recognized as natural terristorial boundary of the Ahoms with Naga Chiefs) an rawn pelh hlek chuan Naga tribes, Mokokchung, Mariam, Amguri a khawsate chu an sa phat mai ṭhin.

Cachar chhimlam a thingpui huan siamte bakah mihring leh khuate humhim turin Lushai ramte nen ‘Inner Line’ siam turin fing tak leh thiam takin kum 1867 khan ‘demarcation’ an siam ta. Kum 1870 khan Lt. Governor, Bengal chuan Cachar ramri ‘boundary’ chin tur atan ‘Notification’ a chhuah a, Lushai lalram chhung thuk tak thlengin rinluh a ni. Chumi boundary chu Govt of India (British Sorkar) chuan Lt. General, Bengal hian ‘British Empire’ pawnlam thleng thleng boundary han rinluh theihna tur ‘thuneihna’ a nei em ni? DC, Cachar chuan Lushai Lalte (chiefs) an chenna hmunah ngei a han hmuh hnuah chauh boundary siam turin thuhrawn a pe ta. Chutichuan, JW Edgar, DC Cachar chuan Mizo lal (Suakpuilala) han hmuin Inremna - Sunnad (treaty), 1871 angin Lushai ram thuk tak thleng a siam ta. Edgar hian tum nei ran leh thiam takin Lal Suakpuilala hi han hminin Inremna - Sunnad a siampui a ni ngei ang; Suakpuilala hi lehkha thiam lo a nih hmel si a. Hemi ‘sunnad’ zulzuiin Cachar Inner Line of 1875, prescribing Southern Cachar Boundary (published on 24th June, 1875) chu siam a ni ta. He Cachar ‘Inner Line of 1975’ hi rinpui ber niin a hnu zela Lushai Hills District humhalh nan hman a nih avangin zirchian hi a pawimawh ta hle a ni.

He ‘Inner Line boundary description’ hi a hmunah kala han kawh chat chat a, helai ngeiah hian a kal a ni, han tih nan ‘boundary pillar’ phun awm si lo a nih avang leh hriatthiam a har deuh avangin record ṭhenkhat aṭanga kan hmuh theih ‘english’ a ziak han tarlang mai ila. Mi thiam zawkte’n ‘document’ hrang hrang nen an lo ennawn leh atan: “The boundary started from Chatter Chura and shall run in a south west direction to the south of Bhairabi Chura at its junction with the Dhaleswari (tlawng) river, where it shall take a north east direction to the top of the Bhairabi Tilla and from there to Noonvai and on to the Barakali Chura at its junction with the Sonai river, thence south east of Tipaimukh at the junction of Barak river.” He Sunnad (treaty) hi Lal

ṭhenkhat chuan an pawm ve lo. He Sunnad hian Lal dangte ram a huam avangin Suakpuilala hian Sunnad lo pawmpui tur hian thuneihna a nei lo, tih chu an ngaihdan a ni.

Hemi chungchangah hian AS Reid, Medical Officer-in-charge, 2nd Bn Fourth Gurkha Rifles chuan hetiang hian comment a siam: “As i have already said, the theoretical frontier laid down by Mr. Edgar a few months before and acquiesenced (reluctantly accepted without protest) by Suakpilal was not recognized even by the subjects of that chief.” Alexander Mackenzie, ICS (1862) (later Lt. Governor, Bengal) pawhin hetiang hian ‘comment’ a siam. “Before any arrangements suggested by Mr. Edgar could be carried out and while he was actually at Suakpilal’s village discussing matters with him in January, 1871, a series of raids were committed by the Lushais in concert with the Haulongs, Syloos and Kookie tribes well known to us in the Chittagong frontier, on a determined character than any previous occasions of the kind.”

Kum 1874 ah Eastern Bengal Province chhunga awm hmun tam tak hlai thlain Assam Province chu 1st April, 1874 ah lo piangin, Chief Commissioner awpna hnuaiah a awm ta. Chief Commissioner hmasa ber Lt. Colonel RH Kitting chuan Cachar District huam boundaries a chhuah rualin Sub-Division, Thana etc. huam chin tur boundaries a chhuahna Notification-ah chuan ngaihtuah ngun lem lovin ‘chhim lam district boundary chhungah chuan hmun pakhat 509 Sq miles a zau Lushai ram, leh Cachar District, British India pawna awm chu ‘Reserved Forest’ tiin a chhuah tel ta a ni (vide Assam Gazette Notification). Assam Forest Manual a record dan pawhin [vide Appendix to Assam Forest Manual, 1897 ( p/57)] “He Forest Reseve or Innner Line Reserved Forest hi Lushai ram chhunga mi a ni.” English version: “The Chief Commssioner, while notifying the boundaries of Cachar District and boundaries of Sub-Divisions, Thanas etc. of the district, also incidentally notified the southern border of the district, a portion of land measuring about 509 square miles of the Lushai country and beyond the southern boundary of Cachar District of British India was declared as Reserved Forest (vide Assam Gazette Botification). This Reserved Forest or Inner Line Reserved Forest was admitted to be Lushai territory in Assam Forest Manual [vide Appendix to Assam Forest Manual, 1897(p/57)].”

Lushai ram depa Cachar Inner Line hi a chiang lutuk lova, phaituala chengte lah chuan chhim lam, lushai ram lam an pan tual tual bawk nen. Hmun ṭhenkhat lai, tu ta zawk nge tih chiang taka finfiah theih a nih loh avangin Maj Shakespear, Superintendent of Lushai Hills District pawhin ‘land settlement’ a kalpui pawh tihngaihna awm lovin ‘border area’ chu hlamchhiah a ni ta.

Kum 1903 ah Bymfide Fuller, Chief Commi­ssioner, Assam chuan Cachar-Lushai boundary, 1875 chu chiang tawk lo mah se ‘practical purposes’ atan chuan a ṭha mai e, a ti a. Mahse, border chungchangah sawiselna a tam tak avangin Chief Commissioner chuan felfai zawka ennawn leh ‘scientific demarcation of boundary’ tih chu a duh dan a ni ta. Tlangdung, Lushai ram chhungkhung leh an khua awmna te chu Lushai Hills-ah pekir turin a ti ta. Chutihlaia an sawi lan chu ‘helai hmun (tract) hi an Lalte chunga tuitla lo leh Superintendent of Lushai Hills ‘control-na’ pumpelh tum ho ‘tawmbuk’ atan an hmang alawm, tih chu an ṭanchhan a ni. Helai hmun ṭhenkhat (part of the tract) chu Inner Line Forest chhungkhung a lo ni bawk nen. ‘Southern line of Cachar boundary’ chiang lo lai tichiang turin thildang pahnih a rawt ta:

(1) to the north running from the west of Chatter Chura or Suddheswar Siraspur range down the Bhagsurra stream to its junction with the Dhaleswari rivers

(2) the other to the south running from the east of the same range and down to a tributary of the Pakwa stream to where it joins the Dhaleswari river.

Fuller, Chief Commissioner pointed out that for the boundary adjustment, not merely a tract of land be transferred from Cachar to Lushai Hills but the smaller tracts from Lushai Hills should also be transferred to Cachar. The Governor General-in-Council in 1904 readily agreed and sanctioned the transfer of tract of land from Cachar to Lushai Hills and vice versa. The boundary as stated above (1904) was redrawn in 1912 as names of the places mentioned could not be identified by the survey party. The Inner Line again was defined in 1930(when the Cachar Inner Line was abolished and extended to the Lushai Hills instead,as per recommendation of Assam Governemnt, Shillong [(initiated by WA Cosgrave ICS, officiating Chief Secretary, later Chief Secretary from 1931-33) with a view to safeguarding the Lushais from economic subjugation by the Bengali shop keepers & other plainsmen)].

Inner Line Regulation (the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873) chu ni 28 August, 1930 aṭangin Lushai Hills District-ah hman

ṭan a ni ta. Hemi order-ah hian ‘whole of Lushai Hills District, including Rutton Puiya’s villages (Rothangpuia villages - Belkhai, Lungno, Sirte, Puankhai, Uiphum, Demagiri tlang dung zawng zawng)’ a huam vek a. Kum 1933 hian ennawn leh niin ‘Zawngling Area (Saiha district, Tuipang piah area)’ pawh a huam tel ta a ni ta.

Boundary chungchang hi serious taka ngaihtuahna kan tlachham em ni? Kohhran lam hmalak tawhna te, Rev. Zairema fact-finding report, Pu Chawngkunga Commision/ Committee report, sorkar hrang hrang hmalak tawhna etc. te chhui zui turin State Level Boundary Commission din thar leh nise. Political Parties zawng zawng, NGOs-Church representative tiamin member-ah awm se, Quarterly/ Half-yearly meeting nei ziah

ṭhina kan chhui zui vat vat a ngai a ni. Tumah inpuhmawh lovin tun hun hi ṭanrual hun a ni. Kan ‘young generation’ kan kaihthawhna ni pah fawmin ‘ram chhan tura ke pen chhuah kan zir tlanna’ ni turin tun boruak kan tawn mek hi i hmang ṭangkai ang u.’ Mizo Awakening Movement’ bul inṭanna a ni si a.

CJ Zova, Zobawm, Sirte Tlang, Lunglei