Sawhthing tam ven leh enkawl dan

Sawhthing chin/lin a lo hun chho leh ta reng mai a, loneituten sawhthing hlawk zawka kan thar theih nan rannung leh natna enkawlah ṭan lak a pawimawh hle a ni. Mizorama sawhthing tichhetu ber te chu soft rot (ṭawih nem) thlentu Pythium spp (Species 15 vel zet in tichhe mahse P. aphanidermatum leh P. myriotylum hian an tichhe tam ber), Bacterial wilt (vuai) a thlentu Ralstonia solanacearum, Shoot/rhizome borer Conogethes punctiferalis (a kung/ a bul khertu) leh Rhizome fly Mimegralla coerrulelfrons (tho chi khat, ke sei deuh nei) te an ni.

KVK Lunglei district, Hnah­thial in trial kan neih tawhnaah pawh heng a chunga natna leh rannung te hian an tichhe nasa tih kan hmu bawk. Leaf roller Udaspes folus (a hnah zialtu), white grub Holotrichia spp. (vual) leh Leaf spot (hnah val) thlentu Phyllosticta zingiberi te pawhin tlem azawng chu an tichhe ve bawk.

Kan rama sawhthing chingtu tam tak beidawn chhan hi chu a tichhetu dik tak hre si loa damdawi awmze awm loa an hman leh ṭhin vang a ni ber. Hetihlai hian hmun kilkhawr deuhah chuan damdawi (pesticides) hman nachang la hre ve lo te pawh an awm bawk. Kan ram tibuaitu pakhat ‘sawhthing tam’ i pumpelh theih nan, a natna lanchhuah dan leh rannungin an tihchhiat dan (symptom/ nature of damage) hi ngun takin zir la, chu chuan a enkawlna dik hmanna kawngah nasa takin a pui thei ang che.

Soft rot (ṭawih nem): He natna lanchhuah dan hmasa ber chu a hnah upa (a kung hnuai lama mi) hmawr chu lo eng dalin a hnah sirah chauh a eng thla phawt a, engemaw chen a hnah lai chu a la hring ṭhin, ni-reiloteah a hnah pumpui a lo eng chhuak vek ṭhin. A hnah no zawkah a natna hi kai darhin a kung pum deuh thaw a lo eng a, a thi ro mai ṭhin. A kungah chuan lei seh chin velah tui deuh purin a val a, a val chu lo ṭhang lianin a kung a ti ṭawihin a tinghet lo a, a tlusawp mai ṭhin. Sawhthing takah a natna hi kai darh zelin, nem tui deuh purin a ṭawih chhe ta ṭhin a ni.

Bacterial wilt (vuai): He natna hi fur laiin a hluar a, a kung lo val kalhin a kung chung leh hnuai lamah a kai darh ṭhin. A natna lanchhuah dan ber chu a hnah upa (a kung hnuai lam ami) sir chu a lo eng kir deuh a, a hnah lo uaiin, a kung chunglam hnah noah a kai chho ṭhin. A rei hnu-ah chuan nasa takin a hnah a lo eng a, a vuai thi mai ṭhin. A kung han phelin thil dum ri ruang angin a awm thlur sung ṭhin. Vuai natna hi ṭawih nem nena a danglamna ber chu a kung emaw sawhthing hi zawi te in hmet ila thil tuihnang var deuh a lo chhuak ṭhin. (A kung emaw sawhthing zai bun hi glass no a tui thianghlima chiah hian thil tui var lo chhuakin a pawlh nu nguai zel). A ṭawih rim pawh a chhe thei hle.

Heng natna tlanglawn pahnih te hi fungus leh bacte­ria thlen a nih avangin a enkawl­na damdawi pawh a dang a, chuvangin a natna hriat chian a pawimawh hle. Trial kan neih tawhnaah chuan ṭawih nem natna hi rimchhe ve tho mahse a rim a na vak lo, mahse vuai natna awm tawhna hmunah chuan a ṭawih rim hi a na thei hle.

Shoot/ rhizome borer (a ti ngettu): He rannung hian July leh October thla inkarah a tichhe ber ṭhin. A rannung puitling (adult) hi zana eng bawm chi phengphehlep (moth) a ni, a thla hmawr tawna teh hian 15-20mm vela lian a ni. A thla hi serthlum rawng niin, a dumin mawi takin a in ṭial thliah a. A pangang (larva) in a kung hreuhin a eichhia a, chu chuan a kung ti engin a ti vuai ṭhin a ni. A hreuhna kua aṭang hian thil nawi lo chhuak hmuh hian awlsam takin he rannung hi a awm tih a hriat theih.

Rhizome fly (tho chi khat; ke sei tak nei): He rannung hi khawlum leh hnawngah an awm duh hle a, a puitling thla hmawr tawna tehin 13-15 mm vel leka lian a ni. Tholung (maggot) ho hian sawhthing eichhiain a ti ṭawih a, a kung lo vuaiin, a thi mai ṭhin.

A venhim leh enkawl dan

i) A chinna hmun atan tui luanral zung zung theihna a ṭha, a remchan chuan tui luankawr fel taka siam tur. Hei hian vuai natna ṭaidarh tur a veng ve a ni.

ii) Ruahtui tlak dan a zirin March thla tawp lam leh May thlatir inkarah chin hman tur.

iii) Neem cake 15-20 quin­tals, hactare khat (ṭin hnih leh a chanve hmun) ah pek hian a thar a tih hlawk bakah ṭawih nem natna leh thlai rulhut (Meloidogyne spp, Radopholus similis leh Pratylenchus spp te a veng ve thei).

iv) A natna hi a chi a awm (seed borne) leh lei a awm (soil borne) a nih avangin, a chi hrisel ṭha natna kai lo chauh hman tur. A tam ṭhin tawhna hmunah chuan chin loh a ṭha. Buh, vaimim, pangbal leh be lampang nen a chin chhawk (crop rotation) tur a ni. Tomato, alu, hmarcha leh bawkbawn (solaneceous family) te nen chuan chin pawlh emaw chin karthlak loh tur; a chhan chu heng thlai te hi Ralstonia awm duhna (host) ve tho an ni. A hmun thlawh fai pawh a pawimawh. Natna a lo awm a nih chuan kan hmanrua leh keimahni pawh natna hrik lei-a mi pu darh lo turin fimkhur tur a ni.

v) Chin atan sawhthing chi 30-50g a rit, hrisel ṭha mit pakhat nei tal hman tur. A chi siamsa hi silfai a, ṭawih nem ven nan damdawi man­cozeb 3g leh tui litre khat pawlhah minute 30 aia tlem lo chiah tur a ni. Chiah zawhah thur chhuah a, daihlimah chap darh a darkar 3-5 vel tih ro tur (ni saa pho loh tur). A ro veleh a chin theih nghal. Vuai natna atan chuan terramycin (oxytetracycline) emaw streptocycline 0.5g leh tui litre 1 pawlhah minute 30 chiah emaw tui sa 470-500C ah minute 3 chiah a ṭha hle. Rhizome scale (Aspidiella hartii) ven nan quinalphos 1.5ml leh tui litre khat pawlha minute 30 chiah bawk tur. A chi dah ṭhat tur pawh a chunga mi ang tho hian sawngbawl tur. A chi chiah tawh chu tam lo tura ngaihna a awm ṭhin, mah se a chi chiah hi a tam tur rei lote venna chi khat chauh a ni tih hriat a ṭha.

vi) Ṭawih nem natna a awm tawh chuan tui litre khat leh 2-3g mancozeb, ridomil MZ (metalaxyl leh mancozeb inpawlh) emaw captafol pawlh in kah (spray) tur.

vii) Vuai natna a awm chuan tui litre khatah 3g copper oxychloride emaw blitox 50 emaw streptocycline 1g pawlhin kah tur.

viii) A ti ngettu hi tui litre khat leh 3ml malathion emaw chlorpyriphos pawlhin July leh October thla inkarah kah tur.

ix) Tho chikhat ti ṭawihtu hi tui litre khat leh 2.5ml phosphamidon emaw methyl parathion pawlha kah tur.

(Damdawi hian a kung leh a bul vela lei huh kim (soil drenching) thei ang berin ni 7, 14 emaw 21 danah a natna tam dan a zirin vawi thum aṭanga vawi li thleng pawhin kah tur a ni. Fur laiah hian natna leh rannungin an tihchhiat ber ṭhin avangin khaw ṭhat niah chauh kah (spray) tur. A tlangpuiin natna leh rannung an awm kawp hian an tichhe chak thei hle a, chuvang chuan a rang lama enkawl tur a ni. A enkawlna damdawi (fungicides leh insecticides) tarlan te khi hman pawlh a ṭha khawp mai)

Hmun zawl, lei leh phutna remchangah sawhthing i ching dawn a nih chuan a chin hma ni 15-30 vel ah lehphut a ṭha; a theih chuan polythene sheet (0.45mm) a, ni 15-30 vel a lei lo tuam hian (soil solarization) leia rannung leh natna tam tak nizung chakna hmangin a suat theih. Ṭawih nem natna enkawl nan Bleaching Powder (33%) 2g leh Metalaxyl MZ 1g chawhpawlh tui litre khatah pawlhin ni 20 danah vawi thum kah pawh Karnataka-ah chuan an fak khawp mai.

India ram hmun ṭhenkhatah chuan biological control hmanga ṭawih nem enkawl nan Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, leh Pseu­domonas fluorescens te pawh an hmang nasa. Vuai enkawl nan Bacillus subtilis, Myroides odoratimimus te pawh an hmang lar bawk.

- Dr. H. Vanlalhmuliana, Scientist (Plant Protection) KVK Lunglei District, Hnahthial