Tualchhung sawrkar hmalam hun

India Sawrkar chuan 15th Finance Commission dinin anni hian nakkum October thlaah ‘report’ thehlut turin hma an la mek a ni. State tinten an chanai a bo thlau mai hlau-in an vir vut vut tawh a, Mizoram pawh kan bang bik awm lo e.

North East state-te bik hi chu central a innghat tawp kan nih avangin engemaw kawng zawng takin kan buai lutuk lem lo. Mahse, min tibuaitu ber erawh chu 15th FC hian 14th FC anga ruahmanna a rawn siam chuan NE state-te hi kan vir buai leh map map dawn niin alang. Eng vangin maw? 14th FC ah khan India Constitution Part IX (Ranchayat) leh Part IX-A (Municipal) hmang ve lo chu sum ruahmanna (fund allocation) ah khan telh an ni ve lo a, state sawrkar leh central sawrkar hmalakna tura dah a ni.

Sikkim leh Arunachal Pradesh te chiah hi NE ah chuan Part IX leh Part IX-A in a huam vek an ni a, Assam (Sixth Schedule), Manipur (Hill Areas) leh Tripura (Sixth Schedule) ah te hian Tribal ho in inrelbawlna hran an neih avangin Part IX leh Part IX-A te hian heng inrelbawlna hran neihna hi a huam lo a ni.

A awmzia chu PRI leh Municipal hi heng state te hian hmang mahse, Tribal inrelbawlna hran neihnaah erawh hman a ni ve lo. Meghalaya, Mizoram leh Nagaland erawh India Constitution Article 243M(2)(a) in min phalsak angin PRI hi kan neih ve kher a ngai lo. Kan hmang ve duh a nih erawh chuan State assembly-in vote hmangin a remtih a ngai a, MLA hmun thuma ṭhen hmun hnih tal an awm a vote an thlak a ngai thung.

Part IX-A (Municipal) bikah erawh eng state mah a hranpa in ngaihhnathiamna a awm lo (Schedule Areas, Tribal Areas leh Darjeeling Gorkha Hills Councils-te tih loh). Mizoramah pawh Aizawl tan bik AMC kan nei a, khawpui dangah pawh Municipal kalpui zel dan tur ruahman mek niin kan lo hria.

March 19 & 20, 2018 khan Delhi a International Seminar-ah DoNER Minister, NITI Aayog Adviser (NER) leh MoDoNER Adviser te rawn kal remchangah lain, NE State-te dinhmun ka ṭhahnem ngaihna in kan zawt ve phawng mai a. Ka zawhna pawh, NE State-ten 14th FC hnuaiah tualchhung inrelbawlna tur sum min ruahman sak ve loh hi engtinge central sawrkarin hma a lak zel? He zawhna bawkin kum 2015 December khan Kolkata-ah International Seminar-ah bawk 14th FC’ Economic Adviser ka zawt tawh a. Ani chuan Part IX leh Part IX-A tel lo chu Central Finance Commission chanpual an ni lo va, Central leh State te thuneihnaah kan dah a tia. Economic Adviser chuan sawi chhunzawmin a kum tel hian Article 275(1) (Consolidated Fund of India) hnuaia Central-in NE State-te sum a pek hi a tlahniam zel a, hei kan zir chian a ngai a ni tiin thurawn min pe. Mahse kan hriat reng tur chu 13th FC thleng kha chuan Part IX & Part IX-A tel lo pawh min huam tir vek bakah hmasawnna tur bik ruahmanna hran an telh belh a ni.

DoNER Minister leh Adviser-te pahnih min chhanna chu, NE State te chu kawng engkimah duhsak bik an nih angin sum pawh a hranpa in ruahman sak an ni. Nikum khan Sixth Schedule huam bik chu sum ruahman sak an ni tawh (sum pek chhuah dan leh a zat a sawi lo) tih leh, Sixth Schedule-in a huam loh, Part IX (PRI) leh Part IX-A (Municpal) in a huam loh bawk te pawh ‘hmanni’ khan tih fel a ni tawh tiin min chhang. A sum tak kan hmuh hun tur erawh a la hriat loh. Mizoram chuan kum thum hnuah kan chan ai kan hmu ve dawn chauh a nih a, chu pawh engtinnge a rawn kal dawn kan la hre lo. Zawh belhna neiin, heng sum te hi Article 275(1) hnuaiah nge Article 282 hnuaiah in pek tiin? NITI Aayog Adviser chuan Ministry of Finance kaltlanga pek a nih tawp thu in a chhang a, 15th FC hnuaia kan dihmun zel tur zawhna erawh tumahin an chhang lo.

Tlai tawh mahse, tualchhung inrel­bawlna tur sum an ruahman fel tawh tih hriat chuan thaw a lak ve det thei tawh niin lang mahse, hmabak a la ko khawp mai. 15th FC-in engtinge ruahmanna a rawn siam dawn tih hian hma lam hun min ti chiang loin state sawkar leh village council ngei pawh a ti buai hle awm e. Mumal taka sum hmuhna tur a nih phawt chuan VC pawh hi PRI a thlak duhna a lian telh telh dawn niin a hriat.

India Independence hnuah, Mizoten Village Council hi thil tam tak chan a kan siam vang te pawh a ni ang, kan hlutin thlauhthlak harsa pawh kan ti ang.

A ṭangkaina leh khawtlanga a sulhnu en phei chuan a hluin, hun engemaw lai aṭanga dinhmun harsa tak a pal chho han hmuh phei chuan, thuam chak leh zual a ngai a. Village Council te ngei pawhin India ram hmun danga an tual chhung sawrkar pui, a bikin PRI te an tluk tawh lohzia hriain, PRI anga kal emaw thlak emaw an duh tawh leh zel hian Village Council chungchang hi ngun taka ngaihtuah a ngai tih a lan tir. Mizoram Sawrkar pawhin 2014 khan VC Act ti danglamin PRI ziarang ang deuhin tuaihnum mahse, hmeichhe tan seat hauhsak a nihna bak kha hmasawnna lian tham a thlen hrih lo niin alang. Study team hial dinin tunah hian hma an la mek a, rah ṭha a chhuah ngei turah ngai bawk ang. VC hi PRI a kan thlak duh a nih pawhin hmathlir thui tak kan neih a ngai, kan ram leh hnam tan a him tur chin bak hi pelh loh kan tum tur a ni.

VC hi tual chhung sawrkar a nih mai bakah Mizo hnam dana rorelna in (Village Court) nih a kawp a, Mizo hnam zia mila inrelbawlna kalpuina hmun a ni. PRI erawh hmansawnna (developmental institution) tan bika duan a ni. Meghalaya leh Nagaland chuan PRI hi an kalpui mai a rinawm lo a, state dang tribal inrelbawlna hran neihnaah pawh an kalpui hrih lo ang. Tripura leh Assam (Autonomous Council) ah te phei chuan PRI aṭangin Village Council/ Committee ah an let leh zawk a ni. Mahse, heng avang ngawt hian PRI hi a ṭha lo tihna a ni lo, Mizoram phei chuan awmze nei deuhin kan kalpui theih a rinawm, a thlak harsa tur ber kan Lalte aiawh turin VC kan hmang thei a, PRI pawh hmang dawn ila state dang ang chuan harsatna lian tham a awm lem lo ang. Arunchal Pradesh hian 1967 aṭang khan PRI hi an kalpui tawh a, anni aṭang khian inzir na tur kan nei ṭeuh awm e. Anni chuan an hnam tana him lo tur chu an hnawl ngam a, chu chu India Constitution pawhin a hranpa hlakin a pawmpui (Amend) a ni.

Article 243 M (3A) kan en chuan ‘Scheduled Caste’ tan hmun ruatsak bikna chu Arunchal Pradesh-ah hman a ni ve lo ang tih ziak a ni. AP Governor-in rem ti lo mahse, hemi ti puitling tur hian an hnam an ṭangrual a, party bik sawi loin central sawrkar na takin an nawr a, India Constitution ngei hmangin an hnam venhimna an siam.

Tuna kan kal dan en chuan PRI pawhin Mizoramah hman hun kan nei ngei dawn niin alang. Arunachal ang hian tuna thil ho te nia lang, SC reservation chungchang pawh kan hmaih loh a

ṭha ang. Mizo vek kan ni tho a engmah a hlauhawm loh tih ringawt tur a ni lo, nakin hun kan thlir a ngai. Sum duh vang ringawtin VC hi PRI in thlak lo bawk ang u, sum chu VC a ni emaw PRI a ni emaw a awm zel ang. Kan thlak duh a nih pawhin khawtlang hmasawn zel nan, mipui te hnena thuneihna tam zawk pek nan, tualchhung sawrkar thuam chak nan leh ram hmasawnna tur vang zawk ni rawh se.

- Dr. Joseph K. Lalfakzuala, OKD Institute of Social Change & Development, Guwahati