Serthlum rah titlatu rannung enkawl dan
Mizorama serthlum huan siamtute harsatna lian ber chu a rah tla nasa lutuk hi a ni ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve. May-June drop hi dan pangngaia thei kung dangte ang bawka rah tlem a zawng tla hi a ni a, nimahsela a rah sen lai leh a lawh hun dawn tawha a rah tla vak ṭhin hi buaipui awm tak a ni. Serthlum rah tla hi temperature inthlak nasa lutuk (eg: A rah ṭantirha khawlum thut avangin a tla thei), boruak a hnawng a tlem avang te, lei a hnawng inthlauhna nasa lutuk (tui pek loh leh tui pek tam lutuk hian a rah a titla thei ve ve), chaw ṭha tlakchham (lei tha pek loh vang, a bikin potassium (MOP), a kung peng hrang hranga tuihnang intluk lohna/ inthlauhna (hormonal imbalance), a ṭang hlawi nasat lutuk leh rannung leh natna vangte hian a tla tlangpui.
India ramah hian ser chi hrang hrang (citrus) hi rannung 250 chuang teh meuhin a zung aṭanga a ler thlengin an bei anga chhut a ni, chung zingah chuan rannung 21 vel hi ser lampang chi chinna hmunah chuan awm veka ngaih an ni. Heng rannungho in serthlum kung an beih avang hian serthlum kung a ṭhang ṭha thei lo a, a hnah leh a ṭang an ei chhiat mai bakah a kungpui hial pawh an ei hlum ṭhin. KVK Lunglei district, Hnahthial in khaw hrang hrang serthlum huana trial leh diagnostic visit kan neih tawhnaa serthlum rah titlatu bik rannung kan hmuh tam ber chu citrus stink bug (ser thlangdar) Rhynchocoris humeralis leh green stink bug (thlangdar hring) Nezara viridula, fruit sucking/ piercing moth (thei hip/ zuktu zan phengphehlep) Ophideris (=Eudocima/ Othreis) fullonica leh Oriental fruit fly (theirah tiṭawihtu tho mawng zum) Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis te an ni.
Rhynchocoris humeralis: Thlangdar nu hi 20-23mm (inches 1 bawr vel) a sei niin a pa hi tlemin a te deuh. Hmui zum sei tak an neih bakah an dar tawnah ki ang, hriam deuh an nei. An taksa hnung hi phaw ang deuha awm a nih avangin in shield bug pawh an ti bawk ṭhin. An taksa aṭang hian thil rimchhe tak an tichhuak ṭhin. May leh September thla inkarah serthlum hnah chung lamah 9-15 in hmun khatah an tui bawr ṭhin. A chang changin a ṭang no leh a rahah te pawh an tui.
A nu puitling hian 100 chuang a tui thei. Kar khat hnu velah a note (nymph) lo chhuakin hmun khatah bawr khawmin a
ṭang no leh a rahsen an zuk ṭhin. Ni reilote ah an thlawk darh a, chawlhkar 6-8 vel ah an puitling (adult) ṭhin. Kung hrang hrangah thlawk kualin a rah sen an zuk bakah a rah lian tawh ho a hmin thlengin an zuk a, an titla nasa thei hle. An zukna hmuanhma hi natna hrik (bacteria leh fungi) in a beih vat ṭhin avangin reilote ah a ṭawih tla mai ṭhin. A rah a zuk tawh kawr chu a val kuau a, a tlak mai loh pawhin a rah a tihmelhemin a titauh a, hralh atan a tlak loh.
Nezara viridula: A tihchhiat dan (nature of damage) hi Rhynchocorisnen hian a inang deuh reng. Nezara thlangdar hi chuan a dar tawnah ki ang, hriam deuh an nei ve lo a, Rhynchocoris aiin an te zawk. A puitling hi 12 mm leh 14 mm a sei leh 7-8 mm a lian an ni. An rawng hi chi hrang hrang awm thei mahse a hringdal an ni tlangpui. A nu hian 250-300 thleng an tui theih bakah vawikhatah 40-60 a tui bawr ṭhin. A kung zik lam, a hnah hnuai lamah an tui tlangpui.
Ophideris (=Eudocima/ Othreis) fullonica: He rannung hi a lian hle a, a thla hmawr tawna tehin 10cm (inches 4) bawr vel leh taksa sei zawng 5cm (inches 2) bawr vela sei a ni. Mit lian tak a nei a, a thla hmalam hi a enghring leh a sendang deuh emaw vutbuak rawng niin a var leh a hringin a in ṭhuangvuak a, a thla hnunglam serthlum rawngah comma ang takin a dumin a ṭial a, a thla hmawr dumah a varin a chhun-han bawk. A thlawh loh chuan a thla hmalamin a thla hnunglam a khuh vek a, thing hnah a ang thei hle.
A puitling hian vawikhatah tui 100 bawr vel hi fartuah chi (Erythrina spp), hruivankai (Tinospora cordifolia leh T. sinensis) leh hruizam (Menispermaceae) chi serthlum huan leh a chhehvela awmah te a tui ṭhin a, a dam chhung thla khat vel bawrah hian 750 vel thleng a tui thei. A pangang (larva) puitling hi inches 2 vel a sei serthlum rawnga taksa sir tawna mit ang deuha ṭial a ni. A puitling tawh hian a hmui zum taka zukin, a tuihnang fawp chhuakin serthlum rah a titla ṭhin. A zuk na hriau anga chhunna aṭang hian tui a lo hnam chhuak a, a eng bial val kalh a, reiloteah natna hrik (bacteria leh fungi) bakah tho in an bawm a, a ṭawih tla mai ṭhin. June - September thla inkarah an che nasa ber a, thimhlim leh zan dar 11pm vel inkar hi an tihchhiat hunlai tak a ni. He rannung hian ser chi hrang hrang bakah theihai, kawlthei, thingfanghma, theibuhfai, litchi, grape, tomato, hmarcha, bawkbawn, etc te a tichhe thei.
Bactrocera (=Dacus) dorsalis: A puitling hi 8mm vel a lian (tho ai a lian deuh hlek) niin a thla a fim a, an awmna a zirin rawng chi hrang hrang nei mahse an nghawng (thorax) ah a eng leh dum chhinchhiahna a awm zel. A tlangpuiin an mawng (Abdomen) chunglamah T ang tak chhinchhiahna a awm a, a mawng hmawr a zum hle. A mawngin serthlum hmin
ṭantir kawr ti pawpin a kawr chhungah 2-15 vel a tui ṭhin. A puitling pakhat hian a dam chhungin 1200-1500 vel a tui thei. A note (maggot) lo keu chuan serthlum rah chhung a ei chhe ta ṭhin a ni. A note hi a var, 7-11mm vela sei a ni thei. Nipui lai chuan a tui aṭanga puitling ni tur hian ni 16 lek a duh. He rannung hian thlai leh thei chi hrang hrang 450 chuang zet a tichhe thei. Fruitfly tihchhiat dan danglamna chu, a rah zaiphel hian zan phengphehlep tihchhiat aiin a tuiril deuh ṭhin. June leh September inkarah an tam ber.
India ram hmun ṭhenkhata ser rah titlatu bik rannung te chu stink bug Vitellus orientalis, Pentatomid bug pahnih Cappaea taprobanensis leh Chrysocoris grandis, Coreid bug pahnih Dasynus antennatus leh Leptoglossus australis, Lygaeid bug Spilosstethus pandurus, Brown orange tree bug Musgraveia sulciventris, fruit sucking/ piercing moth pahnih O. materna leh O.ancillia, Castor semilooperAchaea janatalehfruit fly Dacus spp. leh Mealy bug Planococcus citri pawhin a rah an ei/ zuk/ hip na avangin an titla bawk.
A enkawl dan: Thlangdar- Zing karah a kung aṭanga thlangdar sawi thlaka thah tur. Nipui-ah chuan behlawi emaw bean lampang leh October aṭangin zikhlum leh parbawr thlai thang hmanga suat tur. Damdawi dimethoate 30 EC 1ml emaw chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2.5 ml leh tui litre 1 pawlhin a rah sen (badam tiat vel) aṭangin ni 14 danah kah tur. A note (nymph) an nih laia kah hian suat a awlsam. An hmelma fanghmir lulian leh fanghmir sen serthlum kunga an awm ṭhin hian thlangdar note (nymph) an ei a, a enkawlna kawngah a ṭangkai ve hle.
Zan phengphehlep: A hmun thlawh fai mai bakah a chhehvela hruizam leh hlo tihfai ṭhat tur. Tlai ni tlak hnua net hmanga man leh meikhua darkar 2-3 vel ur hian a hnawt bo ve. A rah tla phum bo zel tur. Carbaryl 50WP 2gm emaw Chloropyriphos 20 EC 2.5 ml leh tui litre pawlhin a rah puitling aṭangin ni 14 danah kah tur. A thlemna thang atan Kurtai kg1 + vinegar 60g + malathion (50 EC) 50ml + tui 10 litre pawlh in bottle hmawr zau chiah emaw tui bottle a lai a zaichumah thun a, serthlum kungah a rah hmin hmain baw thei lo tura ṭawn beh tur. Kung 25 atan 1 hman tur. Balhla leh lakhuihthei hmin malathion 3ml leh tui litre 1 pawlh a darkar 24 chiah a hrai leh thlai thang (trap crop) atan tomato chin a ṭha bawk.
Tho mawng zum: A rah tla chhar fai a phum tur. A kung tamna hmunah chuan kah chhuah vek (cover spray) a har thei a, chuvang chuan kah thlem (bait spray) tur. Zingah rannung thahna engemaw ber (malathion 50EC 2ml, dimethoate 30 EC 1ml emaw carbaryl 50WP 4g) leh kawrtai 10g leh tui litre 1 chawhpawlh a serthlum zar hmun khat lai ni 14 danah a rah hmin hmain vawi hnih kah tur (spot treatment). Protein hydrolysate5g + malathion 50EC 2ml + sandovit farthum (3 drop) leh tui litre 1 chawhpawlh pawhin a chunga mi ang hian hman tur; ni 7 danah kah tur.
He litre 1 chawhpawlh hi kung 25 atan a hman theih a ni a, kung khat dan zelah kah tur. Methyl eugenol 0.1% thang siamsa (readymade) hactare khatah thang 25 hman tur. Plastic bawm emaw tui bottle (a chin lam aṭanga inches 3 hnuaiah hmun thumah inches 1 a zau-in a sir tawnah zai kuak a, methyl eugenol thang hi a bur chanve chunglam deuha sangah khai tur. Ṭin khat hmun a zau-ah thang 10 vel serthlum kunga khai a tawk. A lawh hun hma ni 60 vel aṭanga dah tan tur (ni 7-10 danah damdawi thlak tur). Serthlum kung hnuai pan te a leh phuta carbaryl 50WP 2gm a kah hian tholung leh buhchium a that bawk.
- Dr. H. Vanlalhmuliana Scientist (Plant Protection) & Dr. Lalmuanzovi Senior Scientist & Head KVK Lunglei District, Hnahthial