SUM PEIPUN NAAH BUMIN AWM SUH

Mizote hi sum peipunnaah bumin kan awm fo a, han ngaihtuah maia thil ni thei lo tura ngaiah pawh kan talbuai ta fo mai. Rim taka kan thawhchhuah sa leh a ṭhen phei chu puk chawpa kan neih te, hlawk si him bawk si a kan vawnhim a kan peipun theih nan, sum peipun dan dik kan hriat a tul hle niin a lang.

Kan thawh chhuah theih laia sum khawl hi a pawimawh a, kan thawh theih loh huna hman tur kan neih nan, hei hi kan tihtur pawh a ni. Sum peipun dan him zawk kan hriat theih nan te, buma kan awm tawh loh nan te leh a eng hi nge kan tana hlawk bawk ṭha zawk bawk tih kan hriat theih nan sum peipunna hrang hrang a tlangpuiin kan ziak dawn a ni. Amal te te hian zirchian tham khawp chip tur a awm na in, tun ṭumah chuan a thuhmahruai ang rengin kan hriat awlsam nan kan hrut thuak thuak ang. A aia huam zau zawka ziak zel kan tum ang.

Sum peipun a ṭulna - Hockey stick leh investment inzawmna-

Nitinin i pawisa khan thil man pung zel 'inflation' vangin a hlutna a hloh zel tih hi i chhut ngai em? Khawvel ram sorkar tam berin 'deficit financing' an kalpui avangin pawisa hlutna hi tlahniam zel a ni. Deficit financing chu neih aia tam hret hmang zel tihna a ni a. Ram hmasawnna a kal chak phah nia mithiamten an chhut vangin kalpui a ni.

India-ah hian kum khatah thil man punna hi 4% leh 5% inkar vel bawr a ni. I pawisa kha peipunga i inngai a nih pawhin hei aia a punna a hniam a nih chuan a hlutna i hloh zawk tihna a nih chu. Hei hi kan hriat thiam theih dan tur ber chuan fixed deposit hi a ni awm e.

Sum peipun leh investment lama mithiam zawkte chuan fix deposit hian hlawkna a neih mang lohzia hi an sawi fo ṭhin a. Kan principal, a tira sum kan dah luh zat kha a bo a bang awm lova kan hmuh let theihna a nih avangin a him chu a him ngei mai. Amaherawhchu, thil man sang zel leh pawisa hlutna tla hniam zelah hian pawisa fix a i dah tirh laia Rs. 100/- in a lei theih kha i lak chhuah a hun meuhah chuan Rs. 500/- pawn a lei thei ang em? Chuvang chuan fixed deposit hi him na a, a hlawk lem lo.

Investment hi hockey stick nen mithiamte chuan an tehkhin ṭhin. Hockey stick leh investment chu engtia inzawm nge ni ang le? High School kallai vela kan zir ṭhin Compound interest graph kha i la hria em? I hriat loh pawhin investment pawimawhna hre turin hockey stick pianhmang i hriat chuan a tawk viau. Dawhthei taka sum i peipun a, i nghah peih phawt chuan hockey stick hlawkna chu i dawng thei a ni.

Engtin? Hockey stick chu a tirah a chho zawngin kal lo mahse, a fawng a thlen meuh chuan a chho zawngin a kal char char mai a ni. Chu chu compound interest thiltihtheihna chu a ni. Hei vang hi alawm loan i lak pawhin a pung i rulh hnem theih em em ni. A pung i rulh ṭhin ang kha nangma ipte-ah thun tum zawk rawh kan ti a nih chu! Mi hlawhtling tur tehnaah mithiamten an zirchiannaah chuan finna leh lehkha thiam aimahin, dawhtheihna a ni an tih chu. Chu test chu 'marshmallow test' an ti a. Marshmallow chu chi thlum ti mai ila a awlsam awm e.

Marshmallow tuna pakhat dawn aia dawh thei taka a hnu deuha marshmallow pahnih dawng duh zawk naupang chu mi hlawhtling tak niin an ṭhang lian tam zawk tih hi a zir miten an hmuhchhuah chu a ni. Hei hi investment-ah pawh a dik viau mai.

Mi thawh chhuah nei tlem deuh zawkte pawh kan dawh theih a, 'Financial Managment' sum enkawl danah kan fin chuan a vaibelchhe tel nen a pension thei tlat a ni. Hna thawh theih tawh loh hun atana sum khawl hi pension ka tih chu a ni. Sorkar hnathawk lo tan phei neih tum ngei ngei tur a ni.

Sum peipun hi eng nge a awmzia?
Sum i peipun reng reng hian midang i pûktir emaw, mi sumdawnaah i tel ve emaw, bungrua (asset) hlutna sang zel tur i lei emaw tihna a ni a. I pawisa kha a kalna hrechiang lo chuan midang kutah dah ngawt suh. Amahin pawisa hi a pung ngawt thei lo tih hi hriatchian hle tur a ni. Tin, pawisa midang kutah i dah reng rengin 'risk' a keng tel vek tih hriat tur a ni. Bank-a pawisa i dah a nih pawhin risk a tel tho a, a risk a hniam deuh tih mai chauh a ni. I pawisa pun dan tur leh a risk ken tel hi buk tawn ngei ngei ang che. Duhthusamah chuan i pawisa kha mi kutah awm mah se, kha i pawisa khan eng nge a tih i hre ngei ngei tur a ni. India pawisa aṭanga Burma pawisaa chantir a, US pawisaa chantir kual hmanga hlawk viau theia an insawite kha exchange rate kha han google zuai la, a harsatzia chu i chiang nghal maiin ka ring.

Sum peipunnaah a him leh him lo eng tin nge i hriat ang?
Mak tak maia pawisa tipung thei leh hun rei lo te chhunga pung hluai thei sum peipunna 'investment' kha chu a him loah ngai phawt mai rawh. India ah hian investment product chi hrang hrang a awm a. A zualpui tawi te tein han sawi ila:-

1. Bank deposit leh Post Office Saving Scheme-
Bank hnenah i pawisa i puktir tihna a ni. A him avangin a pung a tam viau thei lo. Bank-in a phal ang zat a pung a pe dawn che a ni. Post Office saving scheme ho pawh hi a tira inremna angin a pung nen a hun tiam a thlen hunah lakchhuak leh mai tur ani a. Sorkar hmalakna a nih avangin a him a, a pung a ṭha thawkhat viau a ni.

2. Debt Instruments-
Sawrkar te, bank te, company te hian pawisa an puk ve ṭhin a. Chutianga pawisa an puktirnaah chuan hmanrua chi hrang hrang an hmang ṭhin, heng : Government securities, commercial paper, treasury bill leh bonds te hi a langsarzual an ni. Heng hi a risk a sân dan azirin a pung a inang lo vek a ni. Risk ringawt pawh hi sawi fe tham a nih avangin ni danga sawi atan dah rih ila. Debt instruments te hi investment atana hmang tur chuan broker kaltlanga tih a ngai hlawm. Broker chu Securities and Exchange Board of India hnuaia in register an ni a, mithiam bik, license nei thlap an ni.

3. Stocks-
Sumdawnna lian tham chin chu Company Act hnuaiah in register in Company tih hming an pu ṭhin a. Company chu an lo ṭhan len zel chuan mipui nawlpui tan neitu nih ve theihna turin share an hralh ṭhin. Chutiang share lei theiha an hawn hmasak ber chu Initial Public Offering (IPO) tih a ni a. IPO ti thei chin chu Public Company tih an ni. Company-a share i lei chuan a neitu zingah i lo tel ve ta tihna a nih chu. A hlawkna leh a chetchhiatna chuan nangmahah nghawng a nei ve zel tawh dawn tihna a ni. Share lei tur hian broker kaltlangin 'demat account' hawn a ngai a. Stocks-te hi rei deuh atan leh rei lo te atan lei leh hralh theih a ni. Stock leitu te hi shareholder an ti a, shareholder te hian company-in hlawkna a hmuh aṭanga pawisa an insem ṭhin 'dividend' an tih chu an dawng ṭhin a ni. Khawvela mihausa hmingthang Warren Buffet pawh hi stock a lei aṭanga hausa a ni a. Tin, kan Union Home Minister Amit Shah ngei pawh hi stock market-a investor lian tak a ni bawk a. Amah hi stock broker ṭhin a ni nghe nghe.

4. Commodities leh Currencies-
Crude oil (petrol, diesel, kerosene), gold, silver, natural gas etc te leh currency te hi market ah trade ve ṭhin an ni a. Heng hi chu sum peipunna hrim hrim aiin 'speculation' leh 'hedging' atan an hmang nasa deuh a. Chuvangin investment tui mi bik tan lo chuan thil ṭha ber a ni lo maithei e. Commodities lam hi chu hun a kal deuh chuan thil man pun dan nen a inan vel dawn tho avangin hlawkna em em a awm hran lo maithei a ni. Currencies erawh hi chu hmalam hun thui tak sawi lawk theih a ni lo thung. Hetiang investment hi chu rei lo deuh atan thil man che vel hmang ṭangkaia sum peipunna atan hman a ni tlangpui ṭhin. Currencies, pawisa kan tih hian India tangka rupee leh dollar tih vel chauh hi a ni lo a, tunlaiah phei chuan crypto currency chi hrang hrang a awm chho zel a ni. Crypto currency hi digital currency an ni a, pawisa kan hriat ṭhin ang tho an ni tihna a nih chu. Siamchhuah theih zat hian tawp chin a neih avangin leh a lei duh an pun zel bawk si avangin, a hlutna hi a pung chho ta zel a ni. Heng crypto currency te hi Sorkar enkawl an nih loh avangin a hmalam hun tur sawi thiam a har hle a ni. Tin, amah hian a hranpaa thawhchhuah a neih loh avangin hlutna hranpa ‘intrinsic value’ a nei hran lo a, a hlutna hi miin an lo pawm danah a innghat thui hle. Hetiang a nih avang hian technical chart en thiam loh chuan investment tih nan a him viau lo thei. Risk la ve duh hrim hrim tan erawh chuan a chanchin hi ngaihnawm tak a ni a, khawvela sorkar Central Bank-ho kalphung rawn tidanglam vek thei a ni thung.

5. Mutual funds-
Mutual tih chu 'a huho' emaw 'chhunfin' tihnaah ngai ila a fuh awm e. Debt funds te leh stocks-te hi mithiam bik 'fund manager' kaltlangin mutual fund tih hming puin a lei theih a ni a. Heng mutual fund-te hi a leitu duhdan tur angin chi hrang hrang an siam ṭhin a ni. Mi pakhat tana risk tihhniam nana fund emaw stock emaw chi tam tak lei a buaithlak avangin mutual fund hi a ṭangkai hle a ni. Mutual fund-ah kan chan tur awm thei ‘Risk’ tihhniam nan hian 'diversification' a pawimawh em em a. Diversification chu hmun khata pawisa dah vek loa hmun hrang hranga sem darh tihna a ni a. Mutual fund hi mithiam bikin fee tlem te laa pawisa him taka an enkawlsak avangin mi nawlpui tan a ṭhain a ṭangkai em em a ni. Hnamdang vai kan tihho phei hi chuan an uar em em a ni. New Pension Scheme tuna kan hman mek pawh hi mutual fund chi khat a ni.

A tawp nan chiahpuam chungchang hi en leh thuak ila a ṭha awm e. Chiahpuam hi Ponzi Scheme chi khat a ni. Ponzi Scheme ah chuan pawisain hna a thawh avangin pawisa neitute tangka kha a hlutna a pung lo va, midangin an rawn dah belh zel vangin 'bubble' a insiam zawk ṭhin a ni. Bubble chu a hming ang chiah hian puarpawleng keh leh mai ṭhin ang hian a keh chhe ngei ngei ṭhin a ni. Hetianga pawisa dah hi chu puarpawleng chhunga pawisa dah ang a ni a. A keh ruala pawisa kha bo nghal tur a ni a, a keh hmaa i lak hman hlauh chuan a vannei pawlah i ṭang tihna mai a ni. Hriat ve mai maia ṭha chu, Pyramid Sheme nei sumdawnna ang chi, downline awm thliah thliah chiho sumdawnna reng reng hi chu Ponzi Scheme-ho nen hian inanna thuk tak an nei a. Sum dahluh hmain an business model hriatchian hle tur a ni. A tlangpuiin i hlawkna tur atana i mamawh ang tho khan midang pawhin downline an mamawh vek tho avangin, a lo lut duh mihring ngai zat hi 'exponential' in a pung tih hriat a ṭha awm e. Exponential a thil pung reng reng chu a mak a makin a pung chak ti mai ila a chiang awm e. Chuvangin kan rama mihring awm aṭanga chhuta, downline tur khan daih loh chin a awm ve palh thei tho a ni. Hemi a nih avang hian i hlawk ve thei dawn em, tih hriat nan nangma downline chauh en loin sumdawnna pumpui khan downline eng zat nge a mamawh tih i hriat a ṭul a ni. A tlangpuiin business rintlak chuan product emaw service emaw hmangin sum an hmu ṭhin. Downline lampanga innghat reng reng chuan tawp chin a nei thei tih hriat ve mai mai a ṭha awm e.

Duhtawk phawt ila, khing kan ziahho khi a kokim zawkin a mal te tein kan la ziak leh zel dawn nia. I sum i peipunnaah fimkhur la, peipunnaa i dah hma in, i dahna tur kha zirchiang phawt la, mithiamte pawh i rawn ṭhin dawn nia. Tin, kan ṭhalaite stock market investment hi zirchiang ila, hnamdangin millionaire an nihpui theihna a ni tih hriain, he lam hi luhchhuah atan a duhawm hle mai.

- Lalhruaizela Fanai, Mizoram Finance & Accounts Service, Post Graduate Diploma in Management (Financial Management)