ZERO BUDGET NATURAL FARMING A VA NGHAHHLELH-AWM TAK EM

Tunlai huna Natural Far­ming ngaihtuah chhuaktu leh sawi chhuak hmasa bertu chu Japanese farmer, philosopher leh scientist Masanobu Fukuoka (1913-2008) a ni a. Amah hi plant pathology-ah specialist niin, microbiologist leh agri­cultural scientist a ni bawk.

Kum 1975-a a lehkhabu ziah, ‘The One Straw Revo­lution’ tihah Natural Far­ming chungchang hi a lo sawi lang tawh. Ram­hnuaiah thing te, hnim te, thei te, pangpar te indip ral lovin leilunga thil nung tinrengte an chenho theihna ecological balance ringin an ṭo za a. Fertiliser leh pesticide an mamawh lova, ramhnuai lei chu lei chunglang hang ṭha (top soil) ah a hausa em em reng tho si tih ngaihtuahna aṭanga Natural Farming hi lo piang a ni.

Fukuoka chuan leilunga thil awmsa te chauh hmang­in, pawn lam thil seng lut lova thlai chin dan a duan chhuah avangin tunlai lo neih dan pangngai, leiṭha leh chemical tam taka sum sen ngaihna chu nasa takin a rawn sawi nghing a. Natural Farming a sawidan anga lo neih chuan tui pollution, biodiversity tih chhiat leh lei kal ral tur a chhanhim a ni tih hi a au hla ber a ni bawk. A thu laimu pawimawh te chu:

1. Lei leh phut a ngai lo.
2. Leiṭha (fertiliser) hman a ngai lo.
3. Hlo thlawh a ngai lo. Hnim te hi a nasa lo thei ang bera khawih chet tur a ni.
4. Rannung thahna hlo (pesticides) leh hnim thahna hlo tur (herbi­cides) hman a ngai lo.

Fukuoka system duan­chhuah hi Japanese farmer tho Yoshikazu Kawaguchi (1939-) chuan rawn chhun­zawmin kum 30 chhung chu a tak takin a hmang bawk. Lei leh phut loh tur tih rawn sawi uarin, hnim leh rannungte hi kan hmelma an ni lo a ti tlat bawk.

Lei leh phut an duh loh chhan: Lei leh phut hian nasa takin a ti chhe zawk niin an ngai. Lei a ti muk sawtin leiin tui a hip a, a fawm khawm theihna a ti chhe sawt a, a tawk chauhva lei chhunga nutrients insem kual tur a ti buai a, leia changpat leh microorganism ṭangkaiho a suat nasa hle bawk.

Hnim zung te a pang­ngaia laih chhuah lova an awm mai khan lei chhunga oxygen insem darh kawngah a pui a, rannung ṭangkai chi leh changpat te tan hmun a awm zawk a, hnim zung ṭhenkhat phei chuan leia nitrogen siamtu bacteria ṭangkai chi te a chawm zawk bawk.

Natural Farming-ah chuan fertiliser leh pesticide te, chemical lam chi reng reng an hmang lova. Leilung ṭhatna awmsa an rin avangin leiṭha an hmang lo a, hnim leh phulte a zung zawng zawng nena rih fai vek a nih ve loh avangin tha a heh lo em em. Tunlai lo neih dan pangngai aiin tha sen hi zaa 80 velin a tlem angin an chhut. Lei a ro chak loh avangin tui mamawhna hi nasa takin a tlahniam bawk a. Kan buaipui em em lei kal ral (soil erosion) hi a awm mang lovah ngaih a ni leh zel bawk.

India-ah: India rama Natural Farming bul ṭantu leh ti lartu chu Maharahshtra mi agriculturist Subhash Palekar (1949-) a ni. Leh­kha­bu tam tak a ziak tawhin India ram hmun hrang hrangah workshop neiin a zin kual nasa hle. Kum 2016 ah khan Padma Shri chawimawina hlan a ni.

Kum engemawzat chhung zirchianna a neih hnuah, Indian tradi­tional method nen kaikawp­in India ram mil turin Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) hi a duang chhuak a ni. Japanese ho Natural Farming nen a inang diak diak lo. Kum 1989-1995 inkar chhung khan research pro­ject 154 zet a nei hman. A tech­nique ah hian bawng ek leh zun te a hmang ṭangkai hle.

Andhra Pradesh sawrkar chuan kum 2017 June-ah khan Subhash Palekar hi an state advisor, Natural Farming lama hma latu atan an la lut a, Cabinet rank an pe a ni. Prime Minister hmaah pawh sawm a nih angin natural farming chungchang presentation a pe bawk.

India ram mipui zaa 60 vel hi lo neia eizawng an ni a. Chuvangin India tan chuan sum sen tlemna tur, leilung chhe zel tur venna ni pah bawk Natural farming hi tih makmawh a ni tih hi mithiamte ngaihdan a ni. India ram state zingah Andhra Pradesh-in hma la nasa berin kum 2016-ah bul an ṭan a.

Kum 2018 June ah khan, India ram state zinga 100% natural farming ti thei hmasa ber nih an tum thu puangin, kum 2024-ah nih hman an tum a ni. Prime Minister Narendra Modi pawhin chemical fertiliser hmang lova Organic leh Natural Farming uar a ṭulzia thu hi hmun hrang hrangah a sawi chhuak ngun hle a, UN convention-ah te pawh a sawi bawk. Kum 2020 September atangin NITI Aayog pawh­in Natural Farming chung changah national level consultation meeting leh zirhona vawi engemawzat a buatsaih a ni. 

Mizoram hi: Kan tlang­ram lo neihdan kan hria; lo kan vat a, kan hal a, buh kan tuh, hlo kan thlovin lei kan rit a, ruah a lo sur a, lei chunglang hang ṭha tam tak ruahtuiin min len bosak a. Kum khat lo neihna chu a kum lehah a hlawk tawh lo nghal a, chul ram a lo chang thin. Lo neihna hnu hi hnim leh thing ten an lo bawh leh fe hnuah, kum 7-10 hnu velah a neih leh tlak ang velah ngaih a ni chauh. Awih panga awm kan nih avangin mizo lo neih dan pangngai hi kan zawh tawk a la ni rih si a, loneitute erawh an hahin an khawngaihthlak tak zet a ni. Khawpuiah leh thingtlang khaw thenkhata leilet/huan hmun nghet nei te pawhin lei chunglang hang tha(top soil) hi kan ti riral nasa hle a, kan ram hmun tam ber hi a awih avangin leh ruahtui kan dawn hnem avangin top soil hi kumtin a riral hiau hiau mai a ni.

Chubakah chemical fertiliser, pesticide, fungicide adt kan hmang nasa hle niin a hriat a. Chemical fertiliser hman hian a tirah thlai te thar hlawk hluai mahse lei ti chhetu a nih avangin ram changkang apiangah an bansan in an duh lo tawh. A rei hnuah lei a ti chang a, a hang thei tawh lova, tui leh boruak kaltlang ṭha thei lo khawpin a lo chhe thei. Chuvangin, hetiang hi kan hman nasat chuan kan ram hi zawi zawiin kan that mek tihna a ni.

Heti hian ngaihtuah chhin teh. Thlai chin ngai lohna ram ruak kan han vat a, lei chunglang a lo dum dur ham, kan tifai a, thlai kan ching ta a. Kum hnih khat hnu lekah pawh engatinge lei a dak nghal duak ni? A nihna takah chuan hnimin thlai te a dip chhiat tur kan venna lamah hlo kan thlo a, kan rit fai vak vak a, a zung chawpin kan rit chhuak a. Ruah a lo sur a, vengtu nei lo top soil chu ruah tuiin min len bo sak ta deuh vek mai a ni. Chubakah ni a lo sa a, ni sa laka leilung vawng daitu hnim te an awm loh avangin tui kan mamawh nasa hle bawk. A kum leh lawkah phei chuan pesticide leh fungicide tel lo chuan a buaithlak a ni kan ti deuh der nghal mai. Sum tam tak sengin fertilizer kan lei a, NPK, DAP kan ti, a thenin hlo turin an kap bawk a. Sum leh tha sen a namai lova, kan ram leilung kan ti chhe nasa em em bawk. Chemical hmang duh lo pawhin bawngek leh vermicompost manah sum kan van seng hnem thei tak em.

Sum sen tlemna hlawk zawk: Natural Farming Technique-ah chuan hnim leh thlai ten leiṭha an inchuh lo an tih tlat avangin an ṭo za tir a. Thlai te an dip hlum lohnan a zung nen lama phawk kher lovin hnim te hi an cut a, an cutna nawi bakah hnah thel ro leh buhpawl te hnim chungah an chhap a, chu chuan hnim ṭo sang tur te a hrekin an rawn ṭo säng thei lova, top soil a kal ral ve vak lova, thlai chi dang chin a lo hun pawhin fertiliser dah belh miah lovin an chin chhunzawm mai a ni. Ecological balance an rin avangin rannung thahna hlo an hmang miah lo bawk. Indian method ZBNF ah pawh hian chemical fertilizer leh pesticide an hman loh avangin environment humhalhna tha em em a ni.

Council on Energy, Environment and Water-in Andhra Pradesh bik zir chianna an neihah ZBNF an tan hnu hian state sawrkarin fertilizer leh pesticide subsidy atana a sum sen nasa takin a tlahniam tih an zir chhuak a. Andhra Pradesh sawrkarin zirchianna an neih kum 2018-a an tih chhuahah ZBNF hmang loneitu zinga zaa 98 chu an sum lak luh a tam sawt a ni an ti. Hmarcha bika ZBNF leh ZBNF ni lova sum sen inthlauhna an zir chhuah hi tarlang ila, a fiah lehzual ang e:

Thil tha tak pawh hi a that lohna sawi tur a awm zel thova. ZBNF pawh duh lotu leh sawiseltu an awm tho bawk a, a thatna sawi nan a la hma mah mah ti pawl an awm. Amaherawhchu, India mite hi Isua pian hma kum 9000 vel atanga lo nei tawh hnam an ni a, anni hnam upa leh lo pawh rei tak lo nei tawh ten a tha an tih hi chu thil tha chu a nih ngei a rinawm a. Kan state tan pawh a chhenfakawm ngei beisei ila, a nghahhlelhawm tawh hle a ni.

- RSC Rohmingliani, Chaltlang Lily Veng