Taksain natna a dona hmanrua leh Covid-19

A hmasa in kan taksa hian natna do thei turin (Immune system) thisen var sipai-te (immune response) a ko ṭhin a. Pawimawh deuh mai chu natna hrik, bacteria emaw virus, thosi-in mi a seh paha a chil thisen chhunga a luh pawh nise a kawrah protein chi bik an nei vek a, chungte chu antigen tih hming vuah an ni. Immune system hi kaih thawh a nih chuan immune response (immune system chhanna kan ti thei ang chu) a pe chhuak a. Immune system chhantu sipaite (thisen var) chu, hlawm lian zawkin, hmun hniha ṭhen hran an ni. A pakhatna atan, phagocytes te hian hrik a lo luhin macrophage leh dendritic cells te ko-in, natna hrik lo lutte an ei ral (emaw dawlh) a. A eiral hian hrik antigen bik a hmelhriat phah ta a ni. 

Hetia an ei ral hian sipai pahnihna Lymphocytes te hnenah signal pe chhawng velehin - T cells leh B cells te a kai harh a. T- cells te hian taksa pumah natna hrik ina timur a lo tihchhiat tawh te dap chhuakin a that ta ṭhin a. Chutih rualin B cells-ten he antigen (hmel hriat tawh) atan antibody siam hna a lo ṭan nghal bawk a (antigen hriat tawh tan a bika siam antibody a in siam chhuak zel a ni). Taksa tana hlauhawm a nih chhung chuan antibody hi a insiam zel a, sing tam tak insiam belh zelin, taksa tana ṭihbaibawm tak tireh (neutralise) turin a bei ve zel a ni. Chuvang chuan natna hrik B- leh T- cells te ina a hmelhriat tawhte lo lut leh mahse, a lo inveng lawk thei ta ṭhin a ni. 

Hrik avanga timur chhe tawhte hian tuiril an pe chhuak ṭhin a, vûng anga lan chhuah châng a awm bawk. Hetiang timur chhia hian phagocytes te ko-in, heng sipaite hian an ei ral ṭhin bawk a ni. 

Virus bikin (eng chi pawh nise) timur a rûn reng rengin heng - macrophage, B- cells, T- cells, endothelial cells (leh a dangte) hian protein te tak te te an siam chhuak a, an bul hnaiah a pe chhuak ṭhin. Heng protein an siam chhuah te hi cytokines tih hming vuah an ni a, chi hrang tam tak a awm a ni - a siamna timur emaw a siamna khawl azirin. SARS-CoV-2 zirchianna an neihah, mithiamte chuan cytokine chi hrang rau rauah T- cell in a pek chhuah hian hna a tam zawk beiin, an tam zawk bawk a ni. Heng cytokines te hian an bul hnaia timur dang te, hrik in a la rûn ve loh te tana lo in ralring tura signal (immune response) petu a ni. 

Covid-19 vei damchhuah leh mai dan le?

A chunga thuhmahruai kan sawi tak ang khian - Hrisel pangngai, natna dangin a tlakbuak loh leh zuk leh hmuam ti lo, mahni inla fit rengah te chuan: 

1) SARS-CoV-2 hrik chuan mihring taksa ACE-2 dawng­sawngtu hmangin taksa a luh chilh a. Tichuan, he virus hi timur chhungah lutin a inthlah pung ta a. A inthlah pun hnu chuan sang tam tak he timur aṭang hian an chhuak ta a ni (viral shedding).

2) Heng CoV-2 virus lo chhuak hi taksa sipai, macrophage (emaw Antigen presenting cells) te chuan dawlhin, a ei ral pawh kan ti thei ang chu, viral proteins (antigen) te chu an kawrah pho lanin an lo awm ta ṭhin a ni. 

3) Heng virus antigen te hian sipai pahnihna, lymphocyes te chu a kai tho ve leh a. A tawi zawngin, T- cells a kaihthawh zingah hian, T- cell chi khat, T helper cells (a bikin CD4 leh CD8) te hna thawk tan thei turin thu a pe ta a ni. Anni hian B-cells te ho hnenah signal an hlan chhawng a. T-cell chi dang (cytotoxic T- cells) te ho chuan virus-in timur dang a luh chilh te chu an tichhe ve bawk a. 

 4) B-cells ten signal an dawn hmang chuan antibody tam tak an siam chhuak a. Heng antibody an siam te hi covid-19 hrik bik atana siam an ni. Covid-19 hrik tuamtu-a antigen awmte nen inzawmna siam thei khawpa tam antibody a siam chhuak a ni. Tichuan covid-19 hrik chu hnathawk thei tawh lo tur khawpin a tuam ṭhin. He dinhmun a thlen hian taksa a neutralise ta tihna a nih chu. 

5) B- cells leh T- cells te chuan heng an tawn hriat te hi hre rengin, Covid-19 hrik lo lut leh pawh nise, an lo in ralring tawh dawn a ni. Tin, B-cells tena antibody an siam bik te pawh inring rengin thisenah a awm reng tawh dawn a ni. 

Damchhuah pui thei loah te eng nge danglam ta ang le? 

Thil mak tak mai chu SARS-CoV-2 ina Covid-19 natna a thlen dan hi a ni. Dangdai tak mai chu - 

ṭhenkhatin an dam chhuahpui mai laiin ṭhenkhat tan thihpui tham a ni tlat. SARS virus dangte nena a inanlohna em em chu thawkna leh a kaihhnawih (respiratory system) chunglam (upper) leh hnuailam (lower) te a khawih dun thei tlat hi a ni. He hrik hian taksaina a lo inven ve dân hmanruate nasa takin a tidanglam tih mithiamten an hmu chhuak zel a. Damlo ngaihtuah awm takte bikah heng sipaite hian natna hrik ni lovin timur hrisel pangngaite a do ta thung hi a ni (autoimmune diseases). Hei hian mithiam tam takte a tiluhai mek a, damdawi ṭha tak zawn hna tihbuai tirtu a ni pakhat. 

Heng danglamna te hian engte nge a cho chhuah? 

1. Thawk lama harsatna: He hrik hian timur hnar chhungril (nasal passage) a khawih hmasa ber a. Timur pawnlang bera awmte (entir nan apical cilia cells) tichhia-in tuiril leh timur chhe tlingkhawm a siam a. Thawkna dawt leh a kaih­hnawih a hnawh ta ṭhin a ni. 

2. Cytokine storm: Mithiamten an thuchhuahah chuan cytokine storm chu he virus hi taksaa a luhin, taksa vek hian do let tumin nasa takin immune response a khalh chhuak a. Do let hna nasa lutuk chuan immune response chi khat - inflamatory response vangin autoimmune natnaah a hnuk lut a ni. Tichuan, taksa sipaiten thawkna leh a kaihhnawih timur an that ta thung a ni. Hei hian chuapa timur awmte chuan tuiril nasa takin a pek chhuah tir bakah boruak (oxygen) hip luh zat a tih tlem phah ta a ni. Tichuan timur nung ṭha tam tak an thi ta bawk ṭhin a ni. Zirchiannain a tarlan dan chuan Zika virus emaw West Nile virus te aiin he hrileng hian cytokine storm hi 100 zela 50 (50%) in a tisang zawk an ti. Mithiam ṭhenkhat chuan Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) he virus hian a thlen thu an sawi rualin mithiam dangte thuchhuahah ARDS a nih chiah loh thu sawi an awm ve bawk avangin helam hi sawi zau lo mai ila. 

3. Hypercoagulation: Taksa a hliam palh emaw pem (entirnan vun zai kak palh emaw thisen zam chhiat palh emaw) hian thisen tui ril, plasma-in protein chi hrang tam tak a neih te in siam chhawrdawh zutin fibre a siam a. Heng fiber te hian hliam tawhna laiah, thisenin boruak dang a tawn loh nan, an in phiar khawm ṭhin a. He fiber insiamna chhawrdawh tak mai hi a tawi zawngin protein pakhat, thrombin chuan fibrinogen a siam a, fibrinogen te hian fibrin inphiar khawm (clot) a siam ta a ni. Hetiang hi thisen coagulation tih a ni. 

Pem-te hi a lo dam takah chuan heng fiber inphiar khawmte hi tihchhiat leh hna pawh plasma-a protein chi hrang hrangte hian an tichhe ve leh a, hei hi a hmingah fibrinolytic system tih vuah a ni. 

Covid-19 khirh takah te chuan mithiamten cytokine chikhat (interleukins, entirnan IL-6) chuan coagulation insiamna protein te a cho tho a. Timur pawnlang bera awm te chauh ni lovin, a hnuaia timur inrem te (endothelial cells) a hliam tel a. Heng endothelial cells chhiate hian nasa tak leh vung tak maiin coagulation a siam a ni; amaherawhchu, fibrinolysis thlen theihna te a titawp leh lawi si a ni. Hei avang hian nasa takin thawkna leh a kaihnawih timur a tihchhiat belh a ni, an ti. 

4. Damdawiten harsatna dang an siam belh: Tun hnaiah chloroquine/ hydroxychloroquine te chuan lung lam hnathawh a tihbuai theih dante an hai lang a. Lung enna khawl (ECG) hian lung phut ran zawng (QT interval) a teh ṭhin a, hrisel pangngaiah chuan QT interval hi 400 to 440 milliseconds (ms) a ni. Covid-19 vei heng damdawi pek ṭhenkhatah chuan 435 aṭanga 500 ms thleng a thlen tih an zirnaah chuan a tarlang a ni. Hei hian lungphu mumal lo tak (arrhythmia) thlenin lungphu chawl a thlen thei a ni, an ti. 

Remdesivir, Ebola enkawlna damdawi atana en chhin ni bawk chu Covid-19 damdawi atan enchhin (trial) kalpui a ni a. Mithiamten trial an kalpui chhan chu he damdawi hian RNA-virus inthlah punna kawngah a tibuai thei tih an hmuhchhuah vang a ni. Amaherawhchu, he damdawi hian a veite immune response a chîm hneh/ titlâwm thei a ni an ti thung. National Institute of Health (NIH, USA) chuan trial kalpui zel an la tum tih ni 30 April 2020 khan an tarlang a ni. 

Thu lungchhiat tak kara beiseina awm chu

Covid-19 hian engtin tak nge mihring a thah tih rin dan mumal lo tak mai chu - he hrik ngawr ngawr vang nge tih leh taksa immune response vang zawk tih hi a ni. 

Nature science journal chuan ni 28 April 2020 khan SAR-CoV-2 vaccine siam kawnga intlan siakna te a hai lang a. Khawvel ram hrang hrangah vaccines 90 chuang siam thei turin hmachhawp an siam thluah a. Chung an siamte chu hlawm lianin mithiamten an ṭhen a ni. 

1. Virus vaccines - A siam hna thawktute (hriat theih chinah team 7 te) hian covid-19 hrik chu hna thawk thei tawh lo turin chi hnihin an siam a. Pakhatnaah chuan virus chak lo (weakened), virus ten an protein tam zawk hnathawk thei tawh lo tura siam dang lam, New York leh Pune a company insuihkhawmin an kalpui mek. Pahnihna chuan virus che thei lo tura (inactivated), chemical (formaldehyde etc) emaw sa (heat) hmanga siam danglam, kalpui mek an awm bawk. 

2. Viral-vector vaccines - Hetiang vaccine siam tur hian group 25 velin hna an kalpui mek bawk. Heng team-te hian virus dang, entirnan sentut hrik emaw adenovirus te an siam danglam a. An kalpui dan chu Covid-19 hrik spike protein te siamtu gene chauh la chhuakin virus dangah an thun a ni. Heng virus siamte hi timur chhungah an in thlah pung thei tho ang a, amaherawhchu natna a thlen thei tawh lo thung a, antibody erawh a insiam thei dawn tho a ni an ti. 

3. Nucleic acid vaccines - Hetiang vaccine siamtute hi team 20 zet an awm a. Hengho hian DNA emaw RNA siam danglamin, entirnan DNA chuan Covid-19 hrik spike gene nei turin emaw RNA dangte leh Covid-19 hrik RNA suih khawm te chu thau (lipid coat) hmangin an tuam ang a. Chung chu mihring taksaa chiu luh turin an ruahman a ni. Heng an chiu luh hian Covid-19 spike gene chauh a awm dawn a, immune response-a antigen presenting cells ten signal an hmuh theihna turin a ni. He zirna hi license pek fel a ni rih lo thung. 

4. Protein-based vaccines - Heng vaccines ve thung hi chu Covid-19 emaw coronavirus hrim hrim protein, entir nan spike protein emaw M protein te (coronavirus hrik pawn lama protein awmte) chiu luh ve thung a ni. Hetiang zir hi team 28 an awm mek. Anniho hian zawng (monkey) ah an zir chhin tawh a, mihringah zirna a la awm rih lo. 

A tawp khar nan he thuziaka ka rawn tarlante hi mithiamte sawi chhuah tawh aṭanga lakkhawmte an ni. He thuziah hi biological point aṭanga review siam a ni a. He virus kai hrim hrim damlohna lang chhuak lo emaw eng stage-ah nge an dampui theih dan leh theih loh dan tih te, eng stage-ah nge a vei tih te chu kan medical doctor-te kutah dah ila. 

Tin, Scientific journal pangngai angin a sawitu emaw thuchhuah siamtute ka tilang lem lo a. Mizo mipui tam zawkten an hlawkpui beiseiin buatsaih a ni a, amaherawhchu chhiartute zinga scientific community te hriatthiamna kan dil nghal bawk e (chutiangin, ka thuchhuah hmasa Covid-19 bihchhian na, Vanglaini 27 March 2020; India leh Covid-19 treatment, Vanglaini 2 April 2020). 

Mask vuah, kut sil fai ngun leh physical (emaw social) distancing hi a va han hlu in a va pawimawh rih si em. Him takin awm la, lo inenkawl ṭha ang che.