CHHIATNA LAKA HIM NAN - THAWHHONA ṬHA

October ni 13 hi ‘Interna­tional Day for Disaster Risk Reduction’ a ni a, kum 1989 aṭang khan hman ṭan a ni. Chhiatna (disaster) min thlen thei chi hrang hrang lirnghing te, leimin te, thlipui te, tuilian te, khawkheng te, hri leng te, etc. laka kan tuar nêp deuhna turte leh, heng chhiatna min thlen thei (hazard) hrang hrangte laka kan him theihna tura inzirtirna hun atan hman a ni ṭhin. Chhiatna thleng mai thei, min nghawng thei pumpelh tur te, tiziaawm tur te, a lo thlen palh pawha hmalakna zei hawi kan thiam theihna atan ruahmanna felfai neih hi a ngai.

Ruahmanna ṭha tak awm mah se, a hlawhtlin theih nân thawhhona ṭha a pawimawh. Hripui a lêng a, Sorkarin inkhârkhip hmanga tihnêp a beisei a, a duh angin a ziaawm thei lo. A kalphungah thil felhlel a awm em, nge mipuiin thu kan awih loh vâng zâwk tihte pawh hi inhnial theih tak a ni ang.

Khawvêl khawi lai mai pawh hi chhiatna hian kawng hrang hrangin min nghawng vek mai. Ram hrang hrangte inlungruala thawk hoin, chhiatna kan tuar nêp dan turah hunbi neiin hmalakna lian tham neih ṭhin a ni.

Kum 2015- 2030 chhûnga thawhhona tur hi, thuthlung ziahna khawpui hming chawiin Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction tih a ni. Hemi hun chhûng hian, hêng kawng hrang hrangah hian hmalakna neih a ni ang: Chhiatna avânga nunna chân kan ziaawm nân leh kan tuarnêp lehzual theih nân te, chhiatna avanga sum leh pai hloh tam lutuk a kiam theih nân te; chhiatna nghawng avânga harsatna kan tawh theih- kawngpui te, khawlphetha te, tui thianghlim in tûr te; zirna leh hriselna thlenga a nghawng tiziaawm tûr te, ram leh khaw­tlângte chhiatna do kawnga kan thawhho theih nan leh chhiatna lo thleng thei hriat theihna kawng tihchangtlun leh puanzar kawngah te hmalak tum leh neih mek a ni a. Hetiang kawnga hmalakna avâng hian, chhiatna hrang hrang laka kan tuar nêp ve theih nân inzirtirna pawh kan nei chho zêl a, thawktu lama hmasâwnna bâkah kan bungrua te pawh a changtlun phah ve hret hret bawk.

Sendai Framework thuthlung hnuaia ke pen dan turah hian ngaih pawimawh zual pali a awm. Chhiatna in a nghawng theih hriat chian te, hemi kawnga hmalakna tihchangtlun te, chhiatna lo thlen hma leh a thlen hnu pawha kan buai lohna atana lo insênso te hi a ni.

Dânin khauh taka min phût avâng leh chêtsual theih avânga lirthei insurance kan tih bâkah, chhiatna thleng thei avângin kan chenna in pawh insurance i uar ang u. Kan khawtlanga leimin thlen tawhna hmunte leh leivûng paihna hmunte hi chhinchhiah thei ila. Hêng ang hmuna miin in leh lo an din lohna atân khaw­tlâng hruaitute leh thunei­tuten hma lak ni ṭhin se. Chhiatna thlen hnu a chhung­kaw tawrhna bâka khawtlang hruaitute kan buaina ṭhin tam tak hi kan pumpelh thei ang. Thlipui natna hmun te, ṭêkin a den duhna lai riau hmun pawh chhinchhiah a, kan himna atâna hmalakte pawh a ṭul.

Sorkar thupêk angin, Village Council/ Local Coun­cil Chairman-na hnuaiah, khawtlâng tinin Disaster Management Committee kan nei vek a. He Committee hnuaia Sub- Committee pêng pawimawh hrang hrangte pawh hi hman ṭangkai thiam ila, report thehlûta duhtâwk mai lovin intuai tharin a tak taka pên chhuak thei tur pawhin hmalak i tum ang u. Committee ṭha tak kan neih mêk laiin, sorkarin ‘Task Force’ a din a, hripui lêng kara a ṭangkaizia kan hmu. Thlak danglam theih tawh lo mah ni se, Local level Disaster Management Committee (LDMC) inkaihhruaina leh mawhphurhna, Sub- Committee pêng tin din dante ngaihtuah chuan, LDMC kan hmang ṭangkai lo hi chu a uiawm takzet a ni. Chhiatna dang lo thleng pawh ni se, inzirtir leh inkaihhruai awlsam leh kan zângkhaina tur a ni si.

Hun kal tawh thlir kirin, nikum leh kumin hian ruahtui a tla tlêm a. Kum danga harsatna kan tawh lian êm êm ṭhin, leimin avanga chhiatna pawh a tlêm ve deuh. AMC huamchhûng bika hman tûrin, leimin avânga chhiatna kan tawh ṭhin tam taka kan him theihna tur dân ṭha tak, AMC (Site Development & Slope Modification) Regulations, 2017 hi kan hmang hnai tawh a. He dân hi hman a nih chuan, hmun tam berah hi chuan, kan duh dân ang kawng kawnga lei kan laih ṭhinte leh, inchâwng sâng leh rit kan sak ṭhinte hi a harsa tawh ang.

AMC-in a pawm, Geolo­gist ten an endik vek hnuah, a him an tih ang zêlin lei laih a ṭul tawh dâwn a, anni in rem an tih loh chuan, inchhâwng sâng sak leh rit sak pawh a theih dawn lo. Geologist endik hnuah, inhmun azira report a siam zûlzuiin Engineer-ten insak dân him an tih angin a sak theih chauh ang. Sorkar fawng vuantute, thawktute, khawtlang hruaitute, endik­tute leh in sak tum te, kan zavaiin kan thawhho a ngai dâwn a. Thuneihna kan hmang dik lo emaw, kan fimkhur tâwk lo emaw, thu kan awih lo emaw a nih chuan, dân ṭha tak pawh nei mah ila, leimin avânga harsatna kan tawh ṭhin tam tak hi a ziaawm thei ngai lo ang.

Building regulations kan hman mêk hi, lir na tak pawh a nghin theihna hmun, Seismic Zone-V huam chhûnga insak nâna him tûra duan a ni a. In sa thei tam takin, dân anga in kan sak theih nan chauh, a rûn dâlah tiin kan engineer thiam tak takte kan chhawr mawl tawp a, an thu kan awih leh duh lo! Chhiatna kan tuar nêp theih nâna dân ṭha tak kan neihte leh kan hman leh turte pawh hi, duan a nih anga a hlawhtlin theih nan chuan, kan zavaia kan thawhho tlân a ngai a ni.

Aizawl khawpui tan chauh ni lo, District khawpui leh khaw hrang hranga kan hman tur, lirnghing laka kan chênna in a him theihna atana kan rinchhan turte hi awm thei se la. Min endiktu tur awm kher lo mah se, inkaihhruaina anga in sa duhte tante pawha belh tlak tur leh, kan phâk ang tawka a ṭha thei ang ber chênna in leh lo kan din theih nân pawh kan mamawh.

Kum 2020-ah khawchhak tlângdungah lirnghing nghawr kan tuar zing a. Zir­mite hmuh dânin, khaw­thlang leh ramri lai pawh hi kan him bik chuang lo va. Chhiatna nasa zâwkin min nawr chilh hmâ in kan invên theihna kawng, insak dan him leh ṭha inzirtirna te, insak dan ṭha inkaihhruaina leh heti lama dân tenau tal pawh nei thei ila. Tûna kan dinhmunah chuan, hmun kilkhawr ber thlengin concrete in ngei sak hi kan intihhmuh si a, chhiatna nasa zâwk kan tuar hma in thuneituten hma la thei se.

Chhiatna chungchangah hian a invênna te, a thlen hnua chhanchhuahna te leh ngai awh leh tûr beihna hrang hrangah hian Sorkar hmalakna tur tam tak a awm a. Theih ang tâwk chuan hmalak a ni tho na a, central puihna tel lo chuan, kan tih theih awm tak pawh kan ti vek lo! Mimal leh chhûngkaw tin, khawtlang hruaitute leh tlawmngai pawl angte pawhin tihtur kan nei vek mai a. Chênna in kan sak in, ruahtui dawnna tur tuidawn leh tuiluankawr te ngaipawimawh tlâng vek ila. Lei vûng te hi a dâwlna ṭha tak kan siam thei dâwn lo a nih chuan, kan kawmchhak kawmthlanga lei vûng chhekte hi a hlauhawm theih avângin tih loh ni se.

Lei che vênna atâna lung kan rem anih chuan, a innghahna chhah ṭha se, tuiluan chhuah theihna tur kua (weep hole) siam ngei ngei bawk ila. A theih hrâm chuan, a zira zir ngei, kan engineer-te hi rawn ila, ruai ila, an thu angin tih theih ngei pawh i tum ang u. A inchhirawm loh nge nge.

Khawtlâng ang pawhin, Disaster Management Committee te hi a tak taka kan chêt chhuah ngei theih nan, training te buatsaihin intuaihriam ṭhin ila. Sorkar aṭanga chhanchuaktu pâwl an lo thlen hman loh pawha a zeizia kan lo hriat chuan kan tuarna a nêp thei ngei ang. Keimahni chhûngkua ṭheuhah, khawtlâng tinah, keimahni phâk ang tâwk zêla chhiatna kan tawh theih hrang hrang laka kan invên phawt chuan, kan tawrh ṭhin tam tak hi a ziaawm ngei ngei ang. Keimahni ṭheuhin theihtawp kan lo chhuah hmasak phawt chuan, kan tih theih bâkah Sorkar a che ngei ngei ang. Chhiatna avânga harsatna kan tawh tam tawh loh nân, hawh u, thu khat vua in i ṭangrual ang u.

- Dr. Laldinpuia, Centre for Disaster Management Mizoram University