Loneitute hmathlir leh hmabak

Kan thupui hi kan ngaihthlak tam, mithiamte ziak chhiar tur pawh a tam hle. Tunhnaiah pawh media hrang hranga sawi hlawh tak a la ni zel mai. Sorkarna chelhtu apiang kan tehna chu Agriculture sector-ah hmasawnna min thlen em tih hi a ni awm e. Hei hi sorkar ṭha kan tehna ki pawimawh ber pawh kan ti thei hial ang. Kan sawi tam ang ai hian hma kan sâwn thei lo ni te hian a lang fo ṭhin.

Tun ṭum chu Kuthnathawktute (farmers) hriatna leh thiamna tih pun lam hawi ve thung ila, lei chungchâng a bulthûm aṭanga hriat tûrte tar lan kan tum deuh ber ang.

Thlai thar kawnga hma kan sâwn nasatzia hi hmuh hmaih rual a ni lo; hemi kawnga hma latute hian fak pawh an hlawh hle mai. Chumi phêna thil awm chu tih dân ṭha zâwk technique min kawhhmuhtute thu kan zawm rah kan seng tihna a ni thei ang. Mizote hi kan rilru a chak a, hei aia nasa hian kan la intodelh zel ang tih ka ring. Eizawn nâna hmang pawh kan pung zel dawn a, tun hnai kum hnih khat chhung ringawt pawh hian survey nei ila hnadang bânsana farming luhchilh hi kan pung hluai ang tih a rin theih, kan ram hian intodelh a mamawh a ni tihna thinlung kan put avânga luhchilh kan ni deuh vek bawk ang.

Khuanû duan leiṭha (Micro-organic)
Leilung pian tirh ata Khuanû duan tel chu heng lei hrik mit lawnga hmuh tham loh chu khawvel lei chhungril leh pâwnlângah hian a awm a; Siamtu kutchhuak nunna nei zingah chuan an tê ber awm e. An ei duh zâwng tamna apiangah an inthlahpung chak êm êm a, rampui leiṭha kan tihah hian an tam ber a, sahdah hmuamkhat vel (1 gram)-ah hian tluklehdingâwn vêl an awm thei. An pawimawhna ziak dawn ila lehkhabu chhah tak a ni ngei ang. Scientist-te chuan research an neih mekah lei hrikte hi hmuh chhuah sên loh an nei tih an hmuchhuak.

Ramhnuaia organic thil awm (hnim hnah)-te kha lei (soil)-a hrikte hian an ei ral a; thil ṭawih (humus)-ah an chantir ṭhin. Chu humus vawi tam tak inlumlet chuan chaw tam tak, thing leh mau tân chakna tam ei tur (nutrient)-ah a lo chang a. Heng thil ṭawih (humus) hian thlai chaw ṭha deuh deuh (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn) a pai tam a, chûng lei ṭha chu ruahsur nasa tak pawn a lên bo mai mai thei lo bawk a ni.

Mihring pawh kan thih hnuah kan ṭawih ral ang tho hian ngaihruat ila a dik ber awm e (humus-ah kan chang leh tihna).

Kan thei leh thlai zîngah rah thlum tùr chi thlumna (sweetness) kan tih pun duh chuan hêng kan sawi tâk hi a pawimawh ta êm êm mai a; hêng hrik hnathawh hi thil ṭawih a nih tlat avangin, thil ṭawih chuan thlum (sugar) a pai tam tih kan hriat a tul hle. Sapṭawng takin quality fruits/ vegetables kan thar thei dawn a ni.

Heng hrik mita hmuh tham loh te hi mikhual anga kan ngaih a, kan dimdawi a ngai hle mai. Kan huan leilungah khan lungawi lohna an neih vaih chuan thilnung an nih miau avangin in huan kha an chhuahsan vat ang. Mikhual ṭha tak i neih kha chelh turin an duhzâwng tak ei tur pe la, an huatzâwng chemi­cal hlauhawm tak tak te kha hman loh tur a ni.

Chutianga i tih chuan hrik ṭangkai tak, huan neitu tân thatho takin hna a thawh sak tawh mai dawn che a ni.

Thiamna sâng zêlah kan thlai châwm nân Bio Fertilizer kan intihhmuh nasa ta a; hman dân tûr inzirtirna pawh a lar ta viau mai. Chutih ruala kan hriatreng tur chu hêng lei hrik protozoa, algae, mold, fungi, bacteria and virus etc. te hi khawvel mi thiam rualte hian an zir bing nasa êm êm mai a; khawvêla microscope ṭha ber ber hmanga an zir chung pawh hian commercial-a chhawrnahawm tur khawp hian an la hre lo tih kan hriat a ṭha khawp mai.

Bio fertilizer hmang ṭhin i nih chuan han chhiar zau leh deuh la, soil microbiology ecology-ah heng hrik chi hrang hrang hian inkungkaihna a nei vek tih i hmuh thiam hunah, hrik ṭha chauh (selective microbes) hmanga huan enkawl hian huan a ti chhe zawk dawn, chuvang chuan a bulthûm kan hriat a pawimawh em em a ni.

Kan huanah hian heng hrikte hi a awm sa vek a (a tlem leh tam chu thuhran), kan dimdawih thiam phawt chuan an pung ang a, an ei tur duh zâwng tak organic material kan dah chuan microbes hrisel kan nei ṭeuh mai dawn a ni. An hnathawh mit lawnga hmuh tham si loh chu ropui tak a ni.

A duat thiam a piang an nihlawh mai dâwn a, lei (soil) hi zira thiam tûr chuan kuthnathawktute hian kan tlin vek lovang. Lehkhathiam leh thiam loh aiin lei hi a nung tih hria a, enkawl thiam a piang an nihlawh mai dawn a ni.

Kan taksa enkawl dân leh thlai enkawl dân hi thuhmun a ni a, mihring hrisêlna leh thlai hrisêlna pawh thuhmun tho tihna a ni. Nang­mah kha han in en ta la, ni tina kan mamawh kan lâk luh dân ang tho khân kan thlaite pawh hian chaw an mamawh ve a ni. Thupui leh thurin inang kan zawm vek a ni tih kan hre tur a ni.

Chutiang zâwnga farming kan thlir thiam phawt chuan kan hlawhtling lehzual ang.

Hnim leiṭha (green manure)
Thlai leh hnim chi hrang hrang zîngah hian lei tiṭha tura tangkai tak tak an awm a, kan hriat tlanglawn ah chuan bê (Legume) lam chi hrim hrim hi a ni mai awm e. A zawng a zà chuan kan luh chilh sêng kher lovang, chûng zinga ṭangkai êm êm mai, entîrnân han thai lang ta ila:

Dhaincha (sesbenia bispimosa)
India ramah chuan Dhaincha tiin kan sawi ber awm e, bê (legume) chi khat a nih avângin kan chin/thehna lei (soil) ti ṭhatu leh leiṭha dah luh belhtu hnim chikhat a ni mai awm e. Cover crop pawimawhna hi ram changkang zawkte pawn an hriat belh zel a, hmanlai aṭangin hnam fing zawkte chuan an lo hmang ṭangkai tawh a, tun thleng hian lei tiṭhatu thlai leh hnim (green manure) hrang hrang zingah chuan chin hlawh leh fak hlawh ber pawl a ni e.

Kan leiah biomass a siam avangin kan thlai chin leh tur tân leiṭha a lo dah lâwk ṭeuh dawn tihna a ni a, nitrogen a siam avangin urea fertilizer bag tam tak aiawh tur ti ila kan sawi sual tam lovang. Dhaincha hi bê (legume crop) a nih angin a zung (roots)-ah hian bâwk tê reuh tê tê a lo awm a, a bawk chhûngah chuan bacteria ṭha mite chuan boruak a nitrogen tam tak lei (soil)-ah la lûtin thlai ei theih tûrin a dah ta ṭhin a ni.

A kung leh hnah hmanga leiṭha siam dân tlânglâwn ber chu, a kung chu 3ft-5ft (ni 40-60) an nihin leilehna (tractor) hmanga leia leh hnan mai tur a ni e.

Green manure tam tak zîngah Dhaincha hi ka rawn tarlang ve mai a ni a, chi hrang hrang a tam khawp mai. Mizorama tualṭo zîngah pawh hian chi hrang 30 chuang hmuh chhuah tawh niin tunah hian enchhinna neih mek a ni bawk.

Dr Lungmuana Singson (ICAR) te zârah hmasawnna ropui tak kan hmu zel dawn e.

Tlipna
Loneitute hi lei rem rapa dinhmun sâng zâwka kan awm theih nân thuneituten ngaihtuahawmin min hmu em? Mi dang ṭanpuinaa innghat mai lovin ke pen ngam ila, loneia eizawngte hi kawng tinrenga kan intodelh hmasak phawt a ṭul tih i hria ang u.

Bâna kaih ngai renga min hmuh chuan intodelh thei lovin kan awm zel ang, an duh dan dan in min awp bet zel dawn. Kan hmasawnna tura an duan vaibelchhe tam tak hi a luang ral mek tih hi kan hmuh thiam phawt a ṭul hle. Kuthnathawktute hian thu bul chhuina (philosophy) ṭha tak nena hmâ kan lâk chuan hmasâwnna ngêlnghet tak, ṭhalaite hmâkhua kan siam thei ngei ang.

Kuthnathawktute hi ropui taka thuam, khawvela kan dam khawchhuahna tur a zungkaih nghet tu bulpui kan ni a, ram hnuk kan ni tih hre thar ila he hna aia ropui hi a awm chuang lo.

- Casper Ngente