Bank hmanga Mizoram hmasawnna ṭhenkhat

Bank hnathawh leh ram hmasawnna atana an pawimawhna hi mi tam tak chuan kan chhut ngai awm lo e. Sorkar erawh chuan mi zawng zawngten ṭangkai taka bank kan hman ṭheuh theih nan hma a la mek zel thung a. Mizorama Bank dinhmun tlangpui, loan an pekchhuah dan, sorkar scheme an kalpui leh hmasawnna atana an hnathawh pawimawh zual tarlang ila. Mithiam zawkte cho chhuah nan pawh a ṭangkai takin.

Bank leh ATM dinhmun?
Kum 2017 December thla thleng khan Mizoramah Commercial Bank 27 an awm a, Public Sector Bank (Sorkar enkawl) 16, Private bank 8, Regional Rural Bank (Mizoram Rural Bank) 1 leh Cooperative Bank 2 an awm. Heng bank hrang hrangte hian Mizoram hmun hrang hrangah branch 203 an nei mek a, Public Sector bank branch 83, Private bank branch 19, MRB 84 leh Cooperative bank branch 17 an awm.

Mizoramah chawhrualin mihring 5,404 in bank branch pakhat inṭawm ang kan ni a, hei hi India ram pum chawrual 12,100 (2013) nena khaikhin chuan ṭha tak a ni. Mizoramah ATM 175 a awm mek a, ATM 1 hi mihring 6,269 zelin inṭawm ang kan ni. Amaherawhchu, bank branch leh ATM-te hi khawpui lian zawkah an in khuar nasa a, kilkhawr deuh zawkte chuan kan la hmang ṭangkai tak tak thei lo.

Credit Deposit (CD) Ratio:
Bank te din chhan ber chu mipui aṭanga sum lakkhawm leh sum puktir a ni. December 2017 thleng khan Rs. vbch. 8275.86 bank-ah dah luh a ni a, pawisa dah tlingkhawm aṭanga mipuite loan an pek zat (CD Ratio) chu 58.01% chiah a ni. Mizoram hi India ramah CD ratio hniam ber pawl kan ni a, Reserve Bank of India-in bank ten loan an pek chhuah tur tlem lam a bituk chu 60% a ni.

Kum 2017 a India rama Bank te CD Ratio chawhrual chu 73.6% lai a tling. Mizoramah hian Commercial bank ṭhenkhat ten loan an pek ṭhat viau laiin ṭhenkhat chuan sum deposit aṭanga chhuta 20% pawh loan pe chhuak pha lo an awm. Hman deuhah zirlai pawl pakhat pawhin mipui aṭanga sum tam tak la si, loan pe chhuak ṭha leh duh si lo bank pakhat kharsak an tum hial kha! Mizoramah Siaha District chu CD Ratio sang ber (115.89%) niin Serchhip District chu CD ratio hniam ber (47.32) a ni mek.

Education Loan: Zirna sang zawk leh technical course zir tur chuan sum tam tak sen a ngai a, mi tumruh leh thiam thei bikte chuan education loan lain zirna sang zawk an chhunzawm theih phah a, chhungkua leh ram tan hmasawnna pawimawh tak a ni ṭhin.

He hi sorkar pawhin a ngai pawimawh hle a, December, 2017 thlengin mi 51 hnenah education loan cheng nuai 106.88 pek a ni; vanduaithlak deuh erawh chu heng zinga 44 (86%) lai chu loan chhia (Non Performing Assets) an ni mek! He miin a lantir chu Mizote hian loan lak kan awlsam viau laiin a rulh lam kan ngai pawimawh tawk lo tih a lantir. Hei hian bank-in loan pe chhuak zel tura mipuite an rinna nasa takin a tichhia a, mi dang loan lak tumte tan kawng kan tihpin sak tih kan hriat a ngai.

Housing Loan: Housing Loan (Priority Sector) hnuaiah bank hrang hrangten mi 2,188 hnenah cheng nuai 12301.49 an pe a, heng loan zinga 527 lai hi loan chhia (rul ṭha lo) an ni bawk! Kum 2015 aṭanga kalpui ṭan Housing for All (Urban) scheme hnuaiah kum 2017 December thleng khan mi 154 te hnenah cheng nuai 845.86 pek a ni.

Social Security Scheme: Tunlaia sorkarin a ngaih pawimawh deuh pakhat chu mi harsa zawkte pawhin vanduaina kan tawh palha keimahni leh kan chhungten hamṭhatna an neih theihna tur Social Security Scheme kan tih mai hi a ni. Kum 2014 aṭanga India sorkarin bul a ṭan tawh, mi harsa zawk tan pawha ban phak, pawisa ngai kher loa bank account hawn theihna scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojona (PMJDY) te, accident tawh palha lukhawng nei thei Rs. 12 man chauh accidental insurance, Suraksha Bima Yojona (SBY) te, zankhat mitchhin kan tawh kan chhungten zangna dawmna an neih theihna tur Rs. 330 man chauh Life Insurance-Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojona (JJBY) leh hnathawna hmuna pension nei ve lo te tana an sum khawl mil zela an lo upat huna pension an neih theihna tur scheme - Atal Pension Yojona (APY) te hi a langsar zual an ni.

December 2017 thleng khan JJBY-ah mi 40,495 an in ziak lut tawh a, SBY hnuaiah mi 64,300 in ziak lut tawhin APY hnuaiah mi 2,161 ten social security scheme an zawm tawh. Mizoram mipui heng social security la thei awm leh state danga social security hnuaia in ziak lut dinhmun thlir chuan kan la hniam hle.

Self-help Group leh Loan: Nikuma Prime Miniter Modi a lokal pawh khan Mizoramah SHG ṭha tak tak an din mek chungchang Lammualah a sawi a, India ramah hmeichhe dinhmun chawikanna programme pawimawh leh ṭhang duang tak a nih avangin sorkar laipui pawhin a ngaipawimawh a ni. Mizoramah pawh chak taka kalpui mek a ni. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) hnuaiah thingtlang SHG 192 te hnenah loan pek a ni a, Northeast Rural Livelihoods Promotion (NERLP) hnuaiah SHG 37 te loan pek niin National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) hnuaiah khawpui SHG 24 te hnenah bank loan pek a ni bawk. Hei bakah hian NABARD hnuaia din Joint Liability Group (JLG) 87 hnenah loan cheng nuai 221.29 pek a ni bawk.

Heng loan te hi, a pung tlem leh dahkham ngai lo a nih avangin SHG member mi harsa zawkten an ṭangkaipui hle a, sum tlem zawk puk leh peipunga eizawn bulṭanna (Micro Finance) ṭhang duang tak a ni mek. Hlawhtlinpui kan tum ve tur a ni.

Central scheme pawimawha bank dinhmun: Thil siam chhuah leh sumdawnna din kawnga hmasawn hi ram economy chawikanna leh hna thar siamna kawng pawimawh tak a ni tih hriain sorkar pawhin interest subsidy (loan pung tlem) bakah guarantor leh dahkham ngai a kalpui nual a. Heng PMEGP, MUDRA Loan leh Stand Up India (SUI) Scheme te hi a lian leh lar zual an ni. Nikum December thla thleng khan mi 66 hnenah PMEGP loan cheng nuai 71.80 pek tawh a ni a, mi 6,894 hnenah MUDRA Loan cheng nuai 7833.66 loan pek chhuah ni a, mi 25 hnenah SUI Loan cheng nuai 400.72 pek a ni bawk. MRB hi Mizorama branch ngah ber an ni a, central programme tihhlawhtlinna kawngah hma an hruai mek zel a ni.

Heng bakah hian lo neihna, thil siam chhuah leh thlai chinna atana bank-in loan an pek chhuah te pawh hi a pawimawh hle a. Mizorama Bank hrang hrangten December 2017 thlengin loneitu mi 23,822 hnenah loan cheng nuai 24296.43 an pe a, mi 13,893 hnenah crop loan cheng nuai 17702.78 pe chhuakin Kisan Credit Card pawh mi 3172 hnenah pek a ni. Kan rama mi tam ber (60%) innghahna lo neih leh a kaihnawiha loan pek chhuah hi a la sang lo hle. Mi hausa leh sumdawng lian tawh sa te chauh loan pe loin, mi harsa zawk bulṭanna loan kan pek hian an dam khawchhuahna a ni ve tih bank lam pawn kan hriat nawn a ngai.

Financial Literacy: Bank hnathawh hrang hrang bakah mipui tana hamṭhatna leh sum leh pai enkawl dan kawng hmang inhrilh hriat hi financial literacy a ni kan ti thei awm e. Mizote hi hemi kawngah hian hmasawnna tur kan la ngah hle. Mizoramah pawh RBI leh NABARD ruahmannain bank branch hrang hrangten a khat tawkin Financial Literacy campaign an buatsaih mek a ni. Sorkar hmalaknain bank-ah ruahmanna ṭha tak awm mahse, mipuite hriattir kan nih loh chuan awmzia a awm lo ṭhin. Hemi vang hian financial literacy campaign neih fo hi a ṭul hle.

Financial Inclusion: Mizorama Rural Development Block 26 ah bank branch a awm vek a, mihring 2000-5000 inkar awmna khua 18 kan neih mekte pawh sorkar ruahmannain banking service an neih ngei theih nan hmalak mek a ni. Mihring 2000 aia tlem awmna khua 662 te pawn kawng hrang hrang heng Business Correspondence Model te, Banking Outlet te, Primary Agricultural Society (PACS) leh Self Help Group-Bank Linkage model te hmanga bank leh an hnathawh la hmang ṭangkai ve lote hnena banking service pek tura ruahman mek a ni bawk.

Mi ṭhenkhatin ṭangkai taka bank kan hman laiin ṭhenkhat erawh chuan Saving Bank Account pawh kan la nei lo! Tunlai khawvela hmasawnna huap zo (inclusive development) nei tura pawimawh ber pakhat chu mi tu pawhin a mamawh ang taka banking service a hman theihna (financial inclusion) hi a ni awm e. United Nations-in a duan, Sustainable Development Goals 2020 ah pawh he agenda hi an ngai pawimawh hle.

Kan sawi tak angin Mizoramah pawh bank chi hrang hrang awmin kawng tam takah hmasawn nan hmang tawh mah ila, tehna hrang hrang aṭanga teh chuan hmasawnna tur kan la ngah hle. Hemi atan hian sorkar, bank leh mipuite kan pawimawh vek a ni.

- Daniel Lalawmpuia, Research Scholar, MZU (Source: SLBC, Mizoram)